Detailansicht

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Bernhard Sick

Group Leader; Team Leader: Collaborative Interactive Learning (CIL); Team Leader: AI for Computationally Intelligent Systems (AI4CIS)

Telephone: +49 561 804-6020
Email: bsick[at]uni-kassel[dot]de

Website: Bernhard Sick

Location: Wilhelmshöher Allee 73
34121 Kassel

Room: WA-altes Gebäude (WA 73), ohne Raumangabe

Publications

[ 2026 ]
[ 2025 ]
[ 2024 ]
[ 2023 ]
[ 2022 ]
[ 2021 ]
[ 2020 ]
[ 2019 ]
[ 2018 ]
[ 2017 ]
[ 2016 ]
[ 2015 ]
[ 2014 ]
[ 2013 ]
[ 2012 ]
[ 2011 ]
[ 2010 ]
[ 2007 ]

2026[ to top ]

Learning Topology Actions for Power Grid Control: A Graph-Based Soft-Label Imitation Learning Approach.Hassouna, Mohamed; Holzhüter, Clara; Lehna, Malte; de Jong, Matthijs; Viebahn, Jan; Sick, Bernhard; Scholz, Christoph. In European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECMLPKDD), bll 129–146. Springer, 2026.
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The rising proportion of renewable energy in the electricity mix introduces significant operational challenges for power grid operators. Effective power grid management demands adaptive decision-making strategies capable of handling dynamic conditions. With the increase in complexity, more and more Deep Learning (DL) approaches have been proposed to find suitable grid topologies for congestion management. In this work, we contribute to this research by introducing a novel Imitation Learning (IL) approach that leverages soft labels derived from simulated topological action outcomes, thereby capturing multiple viable actions per state. Unlike traditional IL methods that rely on hard labels to enforce a single optimal action, our method constructs soft labels that capture the effectiveness of actions that prove suitable in resolving grid congestion. To further enhance decision-making, we integrate Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to encode the structural properties of power grids, ensuring that the topology-aware representations contribute to better agent performance. Our approach significantly outperforms its hard-label counterparts as well as state-of-the-art Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) baseline agents. Most notably, it achieves a 17% better performance compared to the greedy expert agent from which the imitation targets were derived.
@inproceedings{hassouna2025learning, abstract = {The rising proportion of renewable energy in the electricity mix introduces significant operational challenges for power grid operators. Effective power grid management demands adaptive decision-making strategies capable of handling dynamic conditions. With the increase in complexity, more and more Deep Learning (DL) approaches have been proposed to find suitable grid topologies for congestion management. In this work, we contribute to this research by introducing a novel Imitation Learning (IL) approach that leverages soft labels derived from simulated topological action outcomes, thereby capturing multiple viable actions per state. Unlike traditional IL methods that rely on hard labels to enforce a single optimal action, our method constructs soft labels that capture the effectiveness of actions that prove suitable in resolving grid congestion. To further enhance decision-making, we integrate Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to encode the structural properties of power grids, ensuring that the topology-aware representations contribute to better agent performance. Our approach significantly outperforms its hard-label counterparts as well as state-of-the-art Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) baseline agents. Most notably, it achieves a 17% better performance compared to the greedy expert agent from which the imitation targets were derived.}, author = {Hassouna, Mohamed and Holzhüter, Clara and Lehna, Malte and de Jong, Matthijs and Viebahn, Jan and Sick, Bernhard and Scholz, Christoph}, booktitle = {European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECMLPKDD)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {129–146}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Learning Topology Actions for Power Grid Control: A Graph-Based Soft-Label Imitation Learning Approach}, year = 2026 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 hassouna2025learning %A Hassouna, Mohamed %A Holzhüter, Clara %A Lehna, Malte %A de Jong, Matthijs %A Viebahn, Jan %A Sick, Bernhard %A Scholz, Christoph %B European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECMLPKDD) %D 2026 %I Springer %P 129--146 %R 10.1007/978-3-032-06129-4_8 %T Learning Topology Actions for Power Grid Control: A Graph-Based Soft-Label Imitation Learning Approach %U https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-032-06129-4_8 %X The rising proportion of renewable energy in the electricity mix introduces significant operational challenges for power grid operators. Effective power grid management demands adaptive decision-making strategies capable of handling dynamic conditions. With the increase in complexity, more and more Deep Learning (DL) approaches have been proposed to find suitable grid topologies for congestion management. In this work, we contribute to this research by introducing a novel Imitation Learning (IL) approach that leverages soft labels derived from simulated topological action outcomes, thereby capturing multiple viable actions per state. Unlike traditional IL methods that rely on hard labels to enforce a single optimal action, our method constructs soft labels that capture the effectiveness of actions that prove suitable in resolving grid congestion. To further enhance decision-making, we integrate Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to encode the structural properties of power grids, ensuring that the topology-aware representations contribute to better agent performance. Our approach significantly outperforms its hard-label counterparts as well as state-of-the-art Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) baseline agents. Most notably, it achieves a 17% better performance compared to the greedy expert agent from which the imitation targets were derived.

2025[ to top ]

Towards Cognitive Situational Awareness in Maritime Traffic Using Federated Evidential Learning.Gao, Shang; Huang, Zhixin; Al-Falouji, Ghassan; Sick, Bernhard; Tomforde, Sven. In IEEE Conference on Cognitive and Computational Aspects of Situation Management (CogSIMA), bll 9–16. IEEE, 2025.
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The increasing complexity of maritime navigation and the shift towards (semi)autonomous systems necessitate enhanced situational awareness (SA) to ensure maritime safety. This transition introduces new requirements for situation mod- elling and SA, particularly in busy waterways. To address these challenges, we present the Federated Evidential Learning for Anomaly Detection of Ship Trajectories (FEAST) framework, which integrates Federated Learning and Evidential Learning to provide a privacy-preserving, collaborative, and uncertainty- aware approach to out-of-distribution (OOD) anomaly detection in maritime traffic. FEAST uses data from the Automatic Identification System from the Kiel region, Germany, which exhibits unique characteristics of dynamic and heterogeneous maritime activity due to its connection with the traffic-dense Kiel Canal. Our extensive evaluations demonstrate that FEAST improves OOD anomaly detection by leveraging epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty estimates, outperforming baseline methods such as Denoise AutoEncoders and Variational AutoEncoders. Consequently, FEAST forms a solution to reliable and inter- pretable maritime traffic anomaly detection, supporting enhanced SA in maritime operations.
@inproceedings{gao2025towards, abstract = {The increasing complexity of maritime navigation and the shift towards (semi)autonomous systems necessitate enhanced situational awareness (SA) to ensure maritime safety. This transition introduces new requirements for situation mod- elling and SA, particularly in busy waterways. To address these challenges, we present the Federated Evidential Learning for Anomaly Detection of Ship Trajectories (FEAST) framework, which integrates Federated Learning and Evidential Learning to provide a privacy-preserving, collaborative, and uncertainty- aware approach to out-of-distribution (OOD) anomaly detection in maritime traffic. FEAST uses data from the Automatic Identification System from the Kiel region, Germany, which exhibits unique characteristics of dynamic and heterogeneous maritime activity due to its connection with the traffic-dense Kiel Canal. Our extensive evaluations demonstrate that FEAST improves OOD anomaly detection by leveraging epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty estimates, outperforming baseline methods such as Denoise AutoEncoders and Variational AutoEncoders. Consequently, FEAST forms a solution to reliable and inter- pretable maritime traffic anomaly detection, supporting enhanced SA in maritime operations.}, author = {Gao, Shang and Huang, Zhixin and Al-Falouji, Ghassan and Sick, Bernhard and Tomforde, Sven}, booktitle = {IEEE Conference on Cognitive and Computational Aspects of Situation Management (CogSIMA)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {9–16}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Towards Cognitive Situational Awareness in Maritime Traffic Using Federated Evidential Learning}, year = 2025 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 gao2025towards %A Gao, Shang %A Huang, Zhixin %A Al-Falouji, Ghassan %A Sick, Bernhard %A Tomforde, Sven %B IEEE Conference on Cognitive and Computational Aspects of Situation Management (CogSIMA) %D 2025 %I IEEE %P 9--16 %R 10.1109/CogSIMA64436.2025.11079521 %T Towards Cognitive Situational Awareness in Maritime Traffic Using Federated Evidential Learning %X The increasing complexity of maritime navigation and the shift towards (semi)autonomous systems necessitate enhanced situational awareness (SA) to ensure maritime safety. This transition introduces new requirements for situation mod- elling and SA, particularly in busy waterways. To address these challenges, we present the Federated Evidential Learning for Anomaly Detection of Ship Trajectories (FEAST) framework, which integrates Federated Learning and Evidential Learning to provide a privacy-preserving, collaborative, and uncertainty- aware approach to out-of-distribution (OOD) anomaly detection in maritime traffic. FEAST uses data from the Automatic Identification System from the Kiel region, Germany, which exhibits unique characteristics of dynamic and heterogeneous maritime activity due to its connection with the traffic-dense Kiel Canal. Our extensive evaluations demonstrate that FEAST improves OOD anomaly detection by leveraging epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty estimates, outperforming baseline methods such as Denoise AutoEncoders and Variational AutoEncoders. Consequently, FEAST forms a solution to reliable and inter- pretable maritime traffic anomaly detection, supporting enhanced SA in maritime operations.
Reconstructing time-of-flight detector values of angular streaking using machine learning.Meier, David; Viefhaus, Jens; Hartmann, Gregor; Helml, Wolfram; Otto, Thorsten; Sick, Bernhard. In Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, 28(7), bl 074601. American Physical Society, 2025.
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Angular streaking experiments enable for experimentation in the attosecond regions. However, the deployed time-of-flight (TOF) detectors are susceptible to noise and failure. These shortcomings make the outputs of the TOF detectors hard to understand for humans and further processing, such as, for example, the extraction of beam properties. In this article, we present an approach to remove high noise levels and reconstruct up to three failed TOF detectors from an arrangement of 16 TOF detectors. Due to its fast evaluation time, the presented method is applicable online during a running experiment. It is trained with simulation data, and we show the results of denoising and reconstruction of our method on real-world experiment data.
@article{meier2025reconstructing, abstract = {Angular streaking experiments enable for experimentation in the attosecond regions. However, the deployed time-of-flight (TOF) detectors are susceptible to noise and failure. These shortcomings make the outputs of the TOF detectors hard to understand for humans and further processing, such as, for example, the extraction of beam properties. In this article, we present an approach to remove high noise levels and reconstruct up to three failed TOF detectors from an arrangement of 16 TOF detectors. Due to its fast evaluation time, the presented method is applicable online during a running experiment. It is trained with simulation data, and we show the results of denoising and reconstruction of our method on real-world experiment data.}, author = {Meier, David and Viefhaus, Jens and Hartmann, Gregor and Helml, Wolfram and Otto, Thorsten and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {Physical Review Accelerators and Beams}, keywords = {itegpub}, number = 7, pages = {074601}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {Reconstructing time-of-flight detector values of angular streaking using machine learning}, volume = 28, year = 2025 }
%0 Journal Article %1 meier2025reconstructing %A Meier, David %A Viefhaus, Jens %A Hartmann, Gregor %A Helml, Wolfram %A Otto, Thorsten %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2025 %I American Physical Society %J Physical Review Accelerators and Beams %N 7 %P 074601 %R 10.1103/csvm-858f %T Reconstructing time-of-flight detector values of angular streaking using machine learning %U https://journals.aps.org/prab/abstract/10.1103/csvm-858f %V 28 %X Angular streaking experiments enable for experimentation in the attosecond regions. However, the deployed time-of-flight (TOF) detectors are susceptible to noise and failure. These shortcomings make the outputs of the TOF detectors hard to understand for humans and further processing, such as, for example, the extraction of beam properties. In this article, we present an approach to remove high noise levels and reconstruct up to three failed TOF detectors from an arrangement of 16 TOF detectors. Due to its fast evaluation time, the presented method is applicable online during a running experiment. It is trained with simulation data, and we show the results of denoising and reconstruction of our method on real-world experiment data.
Data selection strategies for minimizing measurement time in materials characterization.Liehr, Alexander; Dingel, Kristina; Kottke, Daniel; Degener, Sebastian; Meier, David; Sick, Bernhard; Niendorf, Thomas. In Scientific Reports, 15(1), bl 15182. Springer Nature, 2025.
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Every new material needs to be assessed and qualified for an envisaged application. A steadily increasing number of new alloys, designed to address challenges in terms of reliability and sustainability, poses significant demands on well-known analysis methods in terms of their efficiency, e.g., in X-ray diffraction analysis. Particularly in laboratory measurements, where the intensities in diffraction experiments tend to be low, a possibility to adapt the exposure time to the prevailing boundary conditions, i.e., the investigated microstructure, is seen to be a very effective approach. The counting time is decisive for, e.g., complex texture, phase, and residual stress measurements. Traditionally, more measurement points and, thus, longer data collection times lead to more accurate information. Here, too short counting times result in poor signal-to-background ratios and dominant signal noise, respectively, rendering subsequent evaluation more difficult or even impossible. Then, it is necessary to repeat experiments with adjusted, usually significantly longer counting time. To prevent redundant measurements, it is state-of-the-art to always consider the entire measurement range, regardless of whether the investigated points are relevant and contribute to the subsequent materials characterization, respectively. Obviously, this kind of approach is extremely time-consuming and, eventually, not efficient. The present study highlights that specific selection strategies, taking into account the prevailing microstructure of the alloy in focus, can decrease counting times in X-ray energy dispersive diffraction experiments without any detrimental effect on data quality for the subsequent analysis. All relevant data, including the code, are carefully assessed and will be the basis for a widely adapted strategy enabling efficient measurements not only in lab environments but also in large-scale facilities.
@article{liehr2025data, abstract = {Every new material needs to be assessed and qualified for an envisaged application. A steadily increasing number of new alloys, designed to address challenges in terms of reliability and sustainability, poses significant demands on well-known analysis methods in terms of their efficiency, e.g., in X-ray diffraction analysis. Particularly in laboratory measurements, where the intensities in diffraction experiments tend to be low, a possibility to adapt the exposure time to the prevailing boundary conditions, i.e., the investigated microstructure, is seen to be a very effective approach. The counting time is decisive for, e.g., complex texture, phase, and residual stress measurements. Traditionally, more measurement points and, thus, longer data collection times lead to more accurate information. Here, too short counting times result in poor signal-to-background ratios and dominant signal noise, respectively, rendering subsequent evaluation more difficult or even impossible. Then, it is necessary to repeat experiments with adjusted, usually significantly longer counting time. To prevent redundant measurements, it is state-of-the-art to always consider the entire measurement range, regardless of whether the investigated points are relevant and contribute to the subsequent materials characterization, respectively. Obviously, this kind of approach is extremely time-consuming and, eventually, not efficient. The present study highlights that specific selection strategies, taking into account the prevailing microstructure of the alloy in focus, can decrease counting times in X-ray energy dispersive diffraction experiments without any detrimental effect on data quality for the subsequent analysis. All relevant data, including the code, are carefully assessed and will be the basis for a widely adapted strategy enabling efficient measurements not only in lab environments but also in large-scale facilities.}, author = {Liehr, Alexander and Dingel, Kristina and Kottke, Daniel and Degener, Sebastian and Meier, David and Sick, Bernhard and Niendorf, Thomas}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, keywords = {itegpub}, number = 1, pages = 15182, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {Data selection strategies for minimizing measurement time in materials characterization}, volume = 15, year = 2025 }
%0 Journal Article %1 liehr2025data %A Liehr, Alexander %A Dingel, Kristina %A Kottke, Daniel %A Degener, Sebastian %A Meier, David %A Sick, Bernhard %A Niendorf, Thomas %D 2025 %I Springer Nature %J Scientific Reports %N 1 %P 15182 %R 10.1038/s41598-025-96221-1 %T Data selection strategies for minimizing measurement time in materials characterization %V 15 %X Every new material needs to be assessed and qualified for an envisaged application. A steadily increasing number of new alloys, designed to address challenges in terms of reliability and sustainability, poses significant demands on well-known analysis methods in terms of their efficiency, e.g., in X-ray diffraction analysis. Particularly in laboratory measurements, where the intensities in diffraction experiments tend to be low, a possibility to adapt the exposure time to the prevailing boundary conditions, i.e., the investigated microstructure, is seen to be a very effective approach. The counting time is decisive for, e.g., complex texture, phase, and residual stress measurements. Traditionally, more measurement points and, thus, longer data collection times lead to more accurate information. Here, too short counting times result in poor signal-to-background ratios and dominant signal noise, respectively, rendering subsequent evaluation more difficult or even impossible. Then, it is necessary to repeat experiments with adjusted, usually significantly longer counting time. To prevent redundant measurements, it is state-of-the-art to always consider the entire measurement range, regardless of whether the investigated points are relevant and contribute to the subsequent materials characterization, respectively. Obviously, this kind of approach is extremely time-consuming and, eventually, not efficient. The present study highlights that specific selection strategies, taking into account the prevailing microstructure of the alloy in focus, can decrease counting times in X-ray energy dispersive diffraction experiments without any detrimental effect on data quality for the subsequent analysis. All relevant data, including the code, are carefully assessed and will be the basis for a widely adapted strategy enabling efficient measurements not only in lab environments but also in large-scale facilities.
Offset Finding of Beamline Parameters on the METRIXS Beamline at BESSY II Using Machine Learning.Meier, David; Zeschke, Thomas; Feuer-Forson, Peter; Sick, Bernhard; Viefhaus, Jens; Hartmann, Gregor. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, bl 012130. IOP Publishing, 2025.
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Beamline alignment is challenging as the beamline components must be set up ideally so that the rays follow the desired optical path. Automated methods using a digital twin allow for faster diagnostics and improved beam properties compared to manual tuning. We introduce an automated method of finding the offsets to improve this digital twin model. These offsets represent the unknown but constant differences between the beamline parameter positions as set up at the physical beamline and the corresponding parameter positions of its digital twin. Our method assumes the capability to execute precise relative movements with a known step size for these parameters, although the absolute position information is unknown. By combining the surrogate model with a global optimizer, we successfully determine offsets for 34 beamline parameters on a simulated METRIXS beamline at the BESSY II synchrotron radiation source in Berlin.
@inproceedings{meier2025offset, abstract = {Beamline alignment is challenging as the beamline components must be set up ideally so that the rays follow the desired optical path. Automated methods using a digital twin allow for faster diagnostics and improved beam properties compared to manual tuning. We introduce an automated method of finding the offsets to improve this digital twin model. These offsets represent the unknown but constant differences between the beamline parameter positions as set up at the physical beamline and the corresponding parameter positions of its digital twin. Our method assumes the capability to execute precise relative movements with a known step size for these parameters, although the absolute position information is unknown. By combining the surrogate model with a global optimizer, we successfully determine offsets for 34 beamline parameters on a simulated METRIXS beamline at the BESSY II synchrotron radiation source in Berlin.}, author = {Meier, David and Zeschke, Thomas and Feuer-Forson, Peter and Sick, Bernhard and Viefhaus, Jens and Hartmann, Gregor}, booktitle = {Journal of Physics: Conference Series}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {012130}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {Offset Finding of Beamline Parameters on the METRIXS Beamline at BESSY II Using Machine Learning}, year = 2025 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 meier2025offset %A Meier, David %A Zeschke, Thomas %A Feuer-Forson, Peter %A Sick, Bernhard %A Viefhaus, Jens %A Hartmann, Gregor %B Journal of Physics: Conference Series %D 2025 %I IOP Publishing %P 012130 %R 10.1088/1742-6596/3010/1/012130 %T Offset Finding of Beamline Parameters on the METRIXS Beamline at BESSY II Using Machine Learning %U https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/3010/1/012130 %X Beamline alignment is challenging as the beamline components must be set up ideally so that the rays follow the desired optical path. Automated methods using a digital twin allow for faster diagnostics and improved beam properties compared to manual tuning. We introduce an automated method of finding the offsets to improve this digital twin model. These offsets represent the unknown but constant differences between the beamline parameter positions as set up at the physical beamline and the corresponding parameter positions of its digital twin. Our method assumes the capability to execute precise relative movements with a known step size for these parameters, although the absolute position information is unknown. By combining the surrogate model with a global optimizer, we successfully determine offsets for 34 beamline parameters on a simulated METRIXS beamline at the BESSY II synchrotron radiation source in Berlin.
Graph Neural Networks for Automatic Addition of Optimizing Components in Printed Circuit Board Schematics.Plettenberg, Pascal; Alcalde, André; Sick, Bernhard; Thomas, Josephine M. In European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECMLPKDD), bll 508–524. Springer, 2025.
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The design and optimization of Printed Circuit Board (PCB) schematics is crucial for the development of high-quality electronic devices. Thereby, an important task is to optimize drafts by adding components that improve the robustness and reliability of the circuit, e.g., pull-up resistors or decoupling capacitors. Since there is a shortage of skilled engineers and manual optimizations are very time-consuming, these best practices are often neglected. However, this typically leads to higher costs for troubleshooting in later development stages as well as shortened product life cycles, resulting in an increased amount of electronic waste that is difficult to recycle. Here, we present an approach for automating the addition of new components into PCB schematics by representing them as bipartite graphs and utilizing a node pair prediction model based on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). We apply our approach to three highly relevant PCB design optimization tasks and compare the performance of several popular GNN architectures on realworld datasets labeled by human experts. We show that GNNs can solve these problems with high accuracy and demonstrate that our approach offers the potential to automate PCB design optimizations in a timeand cost-efficient manner.
@inproceedings{plettenberg2025graph, abstract = {The design and optimization of Printed Circuit Board (PCB) schematics is crucial for the development of high-quality electronic devices. Thereby, an important task is to optimize drafts by adding components that improve the robustness and reliability of the circuit, e.g., pull-up resistors or decoupling capacitors. Since there is a shortage of skilled engineers and manual optimizations are very time-consuming, these best practices are often neglected. However, this typically leads to higher costs for troubleshooting in later development stages as well as shortened product life cycles, resulting in an increased amount of electronic waste that is difficult to recycle. Here, we present an approach for automating the addition of new components into PCB schematics by representing them as bipartite graphs and utilizing a node pair prediction model based on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). We apply our approach to three highly relevant PCB design optimization tasks and compare the performance of several popular GNN architectures on realworld datasets labeled by human experts. We show that GNNs can solve these problems with high accuracy and demonstrate that our approach offers the potential to automate PCB design optimizations in a timeand cost-efficient manner.}, author = {Plettenberg, Pascal and Alcalde, André and Sick, Bernhard and Thomas, Josephine M.}, booktitle = {European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECMLPKDD)}, keywords = {PrintedCircuitBoards}, pages = {508–524}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Graph Neural Networks for Automatic Addition of Optimizing Components in Printed Circuit Board Schematics}, year = 2025 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 plettenberg2025graph %A Plettenberg, Pascal %A Alcalde, André %A Sick, Bernhard %A Thomas, Josephine M. %B European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECMLPKDD) %D 2025 %I Springer %P 508--524 %R 10.1007/978-3-662-72243-5_29 %T Graph Neural Networks for Automatic Addition of Optimizing Components in Printed Circuit Board Schematics %U https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-72243-5_29 %X The design and optimization of Printed Circuit Board (PCB) schematics is crucial for the development of high-quality electronic devices. Thereby, an important task is to optimize drafts by adding components that improve the robustness and reliability of the circuit, e.g., pull-up resistors or decoupling capacitors. Since there is a shortage of skilled engineers and manual optimizations are very time-consuming, these best practices are often neglected. However, this typically leads to higher costs for troubleshooting in later development stages as well as shortened product life cycles, resulting in an increased amount of electronic waste that is difficult to recycle. Here, we present an approach for automating the addition of new components into PCB schematics by representing them as bipartite graphs and utilizing a node pair prediction model based on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). We apply our approach to three highly relevant PCB design optimization tasks and compare the performance of several popular GNN architectures on realworld datasets labeled by human experts. We show that GNNs can solve these problems with high accuracy and demonstrate that our approach offers the potential to automate PCB design optimizations in a timeand cost-efficient manner.
Unify: Uncertainty incorporated Federated Learning for Object Detection.Gao, Shang; Sick, Bernhard; Götz-Hahn, Franz. In International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS). Springer, 2025.
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Federated Learning (FL) has demonstrated promise for collaborative training on decentralized data while preserving privacy. However, applying FL to object detection remains challenging due to non-IID data distributions and domain shifts that can degrade performance with standard aggregation methods. To address these issues, we propose the Uncertainty Incorporated Federated Learning for Object Detection (Unify) framework, a novel FL framework that leverages Evidential Learning (EL) to estimate both epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties. By integrating these uncertainty estimates into the aggregation process, Unify down-weights unreliable client updates, leading to improved cross-domain generalization and enhanced stability. Built upon a lightweight YOLOX detector, our approach achieves detection performance that closely approaches centralized training while significantly outperforming conventional FedAvg under heterogeneous conditions. Evaluations on the KITTI and nuImages datasets demonstrate that Unify improves mean Average Precision (mAP) and yields uncertainties. The findings highlight the potential of uncertainty-incorporated FL in developing resilient, adaptive, and self-organizing computing systems.
@inproceedings{gao2025unify, abstract = {Federated Learning (FL) has demonstrated promise for collaborative training on decentralized data while preserving privacy. However, applying FL to object detection remains challenging due to non-IID data distributions and domain shifts that can degrade performance with standard aggregation methods. To address these issues, we propose the Uncertainty Incorporated Federated Learning for Object Detection (Unify) framework, a novel FL framework that leverages Evidential Learning (EL) to estimate both epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties. By integrating these uncertainty estimates into the aggregation process, Unify down-weights unreliable client updates, leading to improved cross-domain generalization and enhanced stability. Built upon a lightweight YOLOX detector, our approach achieves detection performance that closely approaches centralized training while significantly outperforming conventional FedAvg under heterogeneous conditions. Evaluations on the KITTI and nuImages datasets demonstrate that Unify improves mean Average Precision (mAP) and yields uncertainties. The findings highlight the potential of uncertainty-incorporated FL in developing resilient, adaptive, and self-organizing computing systems.}, author = {Gao, Shang and Sick, Bernhard and Götz-Hahn, Franz}, booktitle = {International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS)}, keywords = {itegpub}, note = {(accepted)}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Unify: Uncertainty incorporated Federated Learning for Object Detection}, year = 2025 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 gao2025unify %A Gao, Shang %A Sick, Bernhard %A Götz-Hahn, Franz %B International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS) %D 2025 %I Springer %T Unify: Uncertainty incorporated Federated Learning for Object Detection %X Federated Learning (FL) has demonstrated promise for collaborative training on decentralized data while preserving privacy. However, applying FL to object detection remains challenging due to non-IID data distributions and domain shifts that can degrade performance with standard aggregation methods. To address these issues, we propose the Uncertainty Incorporated Federated Learning for Object Detection (Unify) framework, a novel FL framework that leverages Evidential Learning (EL) to estimate both epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties. By integrating these uncertainty estimates into the aggregation process, Unify down-weights unreliable client updates, leading to improved cross-domain generalization and enhanced stability. Built upon a lightweight YOLOX detector, our approach achieves detection performance that closely approaches centralized training while significantly outperforming conventional FedAvg under heterogeneous conditions. Evaluations on the KITTI and nuImages datasets demonstrate that Unify improves mean Average Precision (mAP) and yields uncertainties. The findings highlight the potential of uncertainty-incorporated FL in developing resilient, adaptive, and self-organizing computing systems.
Location-based Probabilistic Load Forecasting of Electric Vehicle Charging Sites: Deep Transfer Learning with Multi-Quantile Temporal Convolutional Network.Ali, Mohammad Wazed; Mustafa, Mohammad Asif Ibna; Shuvo, Md. Aukerul Moin; Sick, Bernhard. In International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS). Springer, 2025.
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Electrification of vehicles is a potential way of reducing fossil fuel usage and thus lessening environmental pollution. Electric Vehicles (EVs) of various types for different transport modes (including air, water, and land) are evolving. Moreover, different EV user groups (commuters, commercial or domestic users, drivers) may use different charging infrastructures (public, private, home, and workplace) at various times. Therefore, usage patterns and energy demand are very stochastic. Characterizing and forecasting the charging demand of these diverse EV usage profiles is essential in preventing power outages. Previously developed data-driven load models are limited to specific use cases and locations. None of these models is simultaneously adaptive enough to transfer knowledge of day-ahead forecasting among EV charging sites of diverse locations, trained with limited data, and cost-effective. This article presents a location-based load forecasting of EV charging sites using a deep Multi-Quantile Temporal Convolutional Network (MQ-TCN) to overcome the limitations of earlier models. We conducted our experiments on data from four charging sites, namely Caltech, JPL, Office-1, and NREL, which have diverse EV user types like students, full-time and part-time employees, random visitors, etc. With a Prediction Interval Coverage Probability (PICP) score of 93.62%, our proposed deep MQ-TCN model exhibited a remarkable 28.93% improvement over the XGBoost model for a day-ahead load forecasting at the JPL charging site. By transferring knowledge with the inductive Transfer Learning (TL) approach, the MQ-TCN model achieved a 96.88% PICP score for the load forecasting task at the NREL site using only two weeks of data.
@inproceedings{ali2025location, abstract = {Electrification of vehicles is a potential way of reducing fossil fuel usage and thus lessening environmental pollution. Electric Vehicles (EVs) of various types for different transport modes (including air, water, and land) are evolving. Moreover, different EV user groups (commuters, commercial or domestic users, drivers) may use different charging infrastructures (public, private, home, and workplace) at various times. Therefore, usage patterns and energy demand are very stochastic. Characterizing and forecasting the charging demand of these diverse EV usage profiles is essential in preventing power outages. Previously developed data-driven load models are limited to specific use cases and locations. None of these models is simultaneously adaptive enough to transfer knowledge of day-ahead forecasting among EV charging sites of diverse locations, trained with limited data, and cost-effective. This article presents a location-based load forecasting of EV charging sites using a deep Multi-Quantile Temporal Convolutional Network (MQ-TCN) to overcome the limitations of earlier models. We conducted our experiments on data from four charging sites, namely Caltech, JPL, Office-1, and NREL, which have diverse EV user types like students, full-time and part-time employees, random visitors, etc. With a Prediction Interval Coverage Probability (PICP) score of 93.62%, our proposed deep MQ-TCN model exhibited a remarkable 28.93% improvement over the XGBoost model for a day-ahead load forecasting at the JPL charging site. By transferring knowledge with the inductive Transfer Learning (TL) approach, the MQ-TCN model achieved a 96.88% PICP score for the load forecasting task at the NREL site using only two weeks of data.}, author = {Ali, Mohammad Wazed and Mustafa, Mohammad Asif Ibna and Shuvo, Md. Aukerul Moin and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS)}, keywords = {itegpub}, note = {(accepted)}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Location-based Probabilistic Load Forecasting of Electric Vehicle Charging Sites: Deep Transfer Learning with Multi-Quantile Temporal Convolutional Network}, year = 2025 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 ali2025location %A Ali, Mohammad Wazed %A Mustafa, Mohammad Asif Ibna %A Shuvo, Md. Aukerul Moin %A Sick, Bernhard %B International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS) %D 2025 %I Springer %T Location-based Probabilistic Load Forecasting of Electric Vehicle Charging Sites: Deep Transfer Learning with Multi-Quantile Temporal Convolutional Network %X Electrification of vehicles is a potential way of reducing fossil fuel usage and thus lessening environmental pollution. Electric Vehicles (EVs) of various types for different transport modes (including air, water, and land) are evolving. Moreover, different EV user groups (commuters, commercial or domestic users, drivers) may use different charging infrastructures (public, private, home, and workplace) at various times. Therefore, usage patterns and energy demand are very stochastic. Characterizing and forecasting the charging demand of these diverse EV usage profiles is essential in preventing power outages. Previously developed data-driven load models are limited to specific use cases and locations. None of these models is simultaneously adaptive enough to transfer knowledge of day-ahead forecasting among EV charging sites of diverse locations, trained with limited data, and cost-effective. This article presents a location-based load forecasting of EV charging sites using a deep Multi-Quantile Temporal Convolutional Network (MQ-TCN) to overcome the limitations of earlier models. We conducted our experiments on data from four charging sites, namely Caltech, JPL, Office-1, and NREL, which have diverse EV user types like students, full-time and part-time employees, random visitors, etc. With a Prediction Interval Coverage Probability (PICP) score of 93.62%, our proposed deep MQ-TCN model exhibited a remarkable 28.93% improvement over the XGBoost model for a day-ahead load forecasting at the JPL charging site. By transferring knowledge with the inductive Transfer Learning (TL) approach, the MQ-TCN model achieved a 96.88% PICP score for the load forecasting task at the NREL site using only two weeks of data.

2024[ to top ]

Self-Aware Control for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles.Decke, Jens; Gerland, Florian; Schomberg, Thomas; Wünsch, Olaf; Sick, Bernhard; Gruhl, Christian. In Workshop on self-improving system integration (SISSY), ACSOS, bll 13–14. IEEE, 2024.
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We present a concept to research the implementation of a self-aware control system for underwater cleaning robots. Multiple robots cooperate as a swarm to clean the hull of large container ships while in transit. We utilise physics-informed neural networks to implement an autonomous steering system and combine it with a deep reinforcement learning-based decision and scheduling system. This approach ensures efficient navigation and cleaning operations, adapting to dynamic environmental conditions in real-time. The proposed control system allows the cleaner robots, to enhance fuel efficiency, reduce CO2 emissions, and minimize the environmental impact of maritime transportation.
@inproceedings{decke2024self, abstract = {We present a concept to research the implementation of a self-aware control system for underwater cleaning robots. Multiple robots cooperate as a swarm to clean the hull of large container ships while in transit. We utilise physics-informed neural networks to implement an autonomous steering system and combine it with a deep reinforcement learning-based decision and scheduling system. This approach ensures efficient navigation and cleaning operations, adapting to dynamic environmental conditions in real-time. The proposed control system allows the cleaner robots, to enhance fuel efficiency, reduce CO2 emissions, and minimize the environmental impact of maritime transportation.}, author = {Decke, Jens and Gerland, Florian and Schomberg, Thomas and Wünsch, Olaf and Sick, Bernhard and Gruhl, Christian}, booktitle = {Workshop on self-improving system integration (SISSY), ACSOS}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {13–14}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Self-Aware Control for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles}, year = 2024 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 decke2024self %A Decke, Jens %A Gerland, Florian %A Schomberg, Thomas %A Wünsch, Olaf %A Sick, Bernhard %A Gruhl, Christian %B Workshop on self-improving system integration (SISSY), ACSOS %D 2024 %I IEEE %P 13--14 %R 10.1109/ACSOS-C63493.2024.00022 %T Self-Aware Control for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles %X We present a concept to research the implementation of a self-aware control system for underwater cleaning robots. Multiple robots cooperate as a swarm to clean the hull of large container ships while in transit. We utilise physics-informed neural networks to implement an autonomous steering system and combine it with a deep reinforcement learning-based decision and scheduling system. This approach ensures efficient navigation and cleaning operations, adapting to dynamic environmental conditions in real-time. The proposed control system allows the cleaner robots, to enhance fuel efficiency, reduce CO2 emissions, and minimize the environmental impact of maritime transportation.
The Interplay of Uncertainty Modeling and Deep Active Learning: An Empirical Analysis in Image Classification.Huseljic, Denis; Herde, Marek; Nagel, Yannick; Rauch, Lukas; Strimaitis, Paulius; Sick, Bernhard. In Transactions on Machine Learning Research. 2024.
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Deep active learning (AL) seeks to reduce the annotation costs required for training deep neural networks (DNNs). Often, deep AL strategies focus on instances where the predictive uncertainty of a DNN is high. Furthermore, Bayesian concepts to model uncertainty are frequently adopted. Despite considerable research, a detailed analysis of the role of uncertainty in deep AL is still missing, especially regarding aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty, both related to predictive uncertainty. This article provides an in-depth empirical study analyzing the interplay of uncertainty and deep AL in image classification. Our study investigates four hypotheses that provide an intuitive understanding of the effects of accurately estimating aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty on existing uncertainty-based AL strategies but also, in the opposite direction, the impact of uncertainty-based AL on the quality of uncertainty estimates that are needed in many applications. By analyzing these hypotheses on synthetic and real-world data, we find that accurate aleatoric estimates can even impair instance selection, while accurate epistemic estimates have negligible effects. Moreover, we provide a publicly available toolbox for deep AL with various models and strategies to facilitate further research and practical applications. Code is available at https://github.com/dhuseljic/dal-toolbox.
@article{huseljic2024interplay, abstract = {Deep active learning (AL) seeks to reduce the annotation costs required for training deep neural networks (DNNs). Often, deep AL strategies focus on instances where the predictive uncertainty of a DNN is high. Furthermore, Bayesian concepts to model uncertainty are frequently adopted. Despite considerable research, a detailed analysis of the role of uncertainty in deep AL is still missing, especially regarding aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty, both related to predictive uncertainty. This article provides an in-depth empirical study analyzing the interplay of uncertainty and deep AL in image classification. Our study investigates four hypotheses that provide an intuitive understanding of the effects of accurately estimating aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty on existing uncertainty-based AL strategies but also, in the opposite direction, the impact of uncertainty-based AL on the quality of uncertainty estimates that are needed in many applications. By analyzing these hypotheses on synthetic and real-world data, we find that accurate aleatoric estimates can even impair instance selection, while accurate epistemic estimates have negligible effects. Moreover, we provide a publicly available toolbox for deep AL with various models and strategies to facilitate further research and practical applications. Code is available at https://github.com/dhuseljic/dal-toolbox.}, author = {Huseljic, Denis and Herde, Marek and Nagel, Yannick and Rauch, Lukas and Strimaitis, Paulius and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {Transactions on Machine Learning Research}, keywords = {itegpub}, title = {The Interplay of Uncertainty Modeling and Deep Active Learning: An Empirical Analysis in Image Classification}, year = 2024 }
%0 Journal Article %1 huseljic2024interplay %A Huseljic, Denis %A Herde, Marek %A Nagel, Yannick %A Rauch, Lukas %A Strimaitis, Paulius %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2024 %J Transactions on Machine Learning Research %T The Interplay of Uncertainty Modeling and Deep Active Learning: An Empirical Analysis in Image Classification %U https://openreview.net/forum?id=KLBD13bsVl %X Deep active learning (AL) seeks to reduce the annotation costs required for training deep neural networks (DNNs). Often, deep AL strategies focus on instances where the predictive uncertainty of a DNN is high. Furthermore, Bayesian concepts to model uncertainty are frequently adopted. Despite considerable research, a detailed analysis of the role of uncertainty in deep AL is still missing, especially regarding aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty, both related to predictive uncertainty. This article provides an in-depth empirical study analyzing the interplay of uncertainty and deep AL in image classification. Our study investigates four hypotheses that provide an intuitive understanding of the effects of accurately estimating aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty on existing uncertainty-based AL strategies but also, in the opposite direction, the impact of uncertainty-based AL on the quality of uncertainty estimates that are needed in many applications. By analyzing these hypotheses on synthetic and real-world data, we find that accurate aleatoric estimates can even impair instance selection, while accurate epistemic estimates have negligible effects. Moreover, we provide a publicly available toolbox for deep AL with various models and strategies to facilitate further research and practical applications. Code is available at https://github.com/dhuseljic/dal-toolbox.
Enhancing Multi-Objective Optimization through Machine Learning-Supported Multiphysics Simulation.Botache, Diego; Decke, Jens; Ripken, Winfried; Dornipati, Abhinay; Götz-Hahn, Franz; Ayeb, Mohamed; Sick, Bernhard. In arXiv e-prints, bl arXiv:2309.13179v2. 2024.
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This paper presents a methodological framework for training, self-optimising, and self-organising surrogate models to approximate and speed up multiobjective optimisation of technical systems based on multiphysics simulations. At the hand of two real-world datasets, we illustrate that surrogate models can be trained on relatively small amounts of data to approximate the underlying simulations accurately. Including explainable AI techniques allow for highlighting feature relevancy or dependencies and supporting the possible extension of the used datasets. One of the datasets was created for this paper and is made publicly available for the broader scientific community. Extensive experiments combine four machine learning and deep learning algorithms with an evolutionary optimisation algorithm. The performance of the combined training and optimisation pipeline is evaluated by verifying the generated Pareto-optimal results using the ground truth simulations. The results from our pipeline and a comprehensive evaluation strategy show the potential for efficiently acquiring solution candidates in multiobjective optimisation tasks by reducing the number of simulations and conserving a higher prediction accuracy, i.e., with a MAPE score under 5% for one of the presented use cases.
@article{botache2024enhancing, abstract = {This paper presents a methodological framework for training, self-optimising, and self-organising surrogate models to approximate and speed up multiobjective optimisation of technical systems based on multiphysics simulations. At the hand of two real-world datasets, we illustrate that surrogate models can be trained on relatively small amounts of data to approximate the underlying simulations accurately. Including explainable AI techniques allow for highlighting feature relevancy or dependencies and supporting the possible extension of the used datasets. One of the datasets was created for this paper and is made publicly available for the broader scientific community. Extensive experiments combine four machine learning and deep learning algorithms with an evolutionary optimisation algorithm. The performance of the combined training and optimisation pipeline is evaluated by verifying the generated Pareto-optimal results using the ground truth simulations. The results from our pipeline and a comprehensive evaluation strategy show the potential for efficiently acquiring solution candidates in multiobjective optimisation tasks by reducing the number of simulations and conserving a higher prediction accuracy, i.e., with a MAPE score under 5% for one of the presented use cases.}, author = {Botache, Diego and Decke, Jens and Ripken, Winfried and Dornipati, Abhinay and Götz-Hahn, Franz and Ayeb, Mohamed and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {arXiv e-prints}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {arXiv:2309.13179v2}, title = {Enhancing Multi-Objective Optimization through Machine Learning-Supported Multiphysics Simulation}, year = 2024 }
%0 Journal Article %1 botache2024enhancing %A Botache, Diego %A Decke, Jens %A Ripken, Winfried %A Dornipati, Abhinay %A Götz-Hahn, Franz %A Ayeb, Mohamed %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2024 %J arXiv e-prints %P arXiv:2309.13179v2 %T Enhancing Multi-Objective Optimization through Machine Learning-Supported Multiphysics Simulation %U https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.13179 %X This paper presents a methodological framework for training, self-optimising, and self-organising surrogate models to approximate and speed up multiobjective optimisation of technical systems based on multiphysics simulations. At the hand of two real-world datasets, we illustrate that surrogate models can be trained on relatively small amounts of data to approximate the underlying simulations accurately. Including explainable AI techniques allow for highlighting feature relevancy or dependencies and supporting the possible extension of the used datasets. One of the datasets was created for this paper and is made publicly available for the broader scientific community. Extensive experiments combine four machine learning and deep learning algorithms with an evolutionary optimisation algorithm. The performance of the combined training and optimisation pipeline is evaluated by verifying the generated Pareto-optimal results using the ground truth simulations. The results from our pipeline and a comprehensive evaluation strategy show the potential for efficiently acquiring solution candidates in multiobjective optimisation tasks by reducing the number of simulations and conserving a higher prediction accuracy, i.e., with a MAPE score under 5% for one of the presented use cases.
Optical Detection of the Body Mass Index and Related Parameters Using Multiple Spatially Resolved Reflection Spectroscopy.Magnussen, Birk Martin; Möckel, Frank; Jessulat, Maik; Stern, Claudius; Sick, Bernhard. In International Conference on Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (ICBCB), bll 132–136. IEEE, 2024.
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Obesity is a common problem for many people. In order to assist people combating obesity, providing methods to quickly, easily, and inexpensively assess their body composition is important. This article investigates how noninvasive, optical sensors based on multiple spatially resolved reflection spectroscopy can be used to measure the body mass index and body composition parameters. Using machine learning to train continuous feature networks, it is possible to predict the body mass index of a subject, with a correlation of $$R=0.61$$ with $$p<0.0001$$. Similarly, the predicted body mass index shows correlations to both the subject's visceral fat ($$R=0.44,p=0.0023$$) and skeletal muscle mass index ($$R=0.52,p=0.0003$$), indicating that the trained neural network is capable of identifying both types of tissue. Strategies to independently detect either type of tissue are discussed.
@inproceedings{magnussen2024optical, abstract = {Obesity is a common problem for many people. In order to assist people combating obesity, providing methods to quickly, easily, and inexpensively assess their body composition is important. This article investigates how noninvasive, optical sensors based on multiple spatially resolved reflection spectroscopy can be used to measure the body mass index and body composition parameters. Using machine learning to train continuous feature networks, it is possible to predict the body mass index of a subject, with a correlation of $R=0.61$ with $p<0.0001$. Similarly, the predicted body mass index shows correlations to both the subject's visceral fat ($R=0.44,p=0.0023$) and skeletal muscle mass index ($R=0.52,p=0.0003$), indicating that the trained neural network is capable of identifying both types of tissue. Strategies to independently detect either type of tissue are discussed.}, author = {Magnussen, Birk Martin and Möckel, Frank and Jessulat, Maik and Stern, Claudius and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {International Conference on Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (ICBCB)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {132–136}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Optical Detection of the Body Mass Index and Related Parameters Using Multiple Spatially Resolved Reflection Spectroscopy}, year = 2024 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 magnussen2024optical %A Magnussen, Birk Martin %A Möckel, Frank %A Jessulat, Maik %A Stern, Claudius %A Sick, Bernhard %B International Conference on Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (ICBCB) %D 2024 %I IEEE %P 132--136 %R 10.1109/ICBCB61507.2024.11012023 %T Optical Detection of the Body Mass Index and Related Parameters Using Multiple Spatially Resolved Reflection Spectroscopy %U https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/11012023 %X Obesity is a common problem for many people. In order to assist people combating obesity, providing methods to quickly, easily, and inexpensively assess their body composition is important. This article investigates how noninvasive, optical sensors based on multiple spatially resolved reflection spectroscopy can be used to measure the body mass index and body composition parameters. Using machine learning to train continuous feature networks, it is possible to predict the body mass index of a subject, with a correlation of $$R=0.61$$ with $$p<0.0001$$. Similarly, the predicted body mass index shows correlations to both the subject's visceral fat ($$R=0.44,p=0.0023$$) and skeletal muscle mass index ($$R=0.52,p=0.0003$$), indicating that the trained neural network is capable of identifying both types of tissue. Strategies to independently detect either type of tissue are discussed.
dopanim: A Dataset of Doppelganger Animals with Noisy Annotations from Multiple Humans.Herde, Marek; Huseljic, Denis; Rauch, Lukas; Sick, Bernhard. In Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2024) Track on Datasets and Benchmarks, bll 1–16. 2024.
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Human annotators typically provide annotated data for training machine learning models, such as neural networks. Yet, human annotations are subject to noise, impairing generalization performances. Methodological research on approaches counteracting noisy annotations requires corresponding datasets for a meaningful empirical evaluation. Consequently, we introduce a novel benchmark dataset, dopanim, consisting of about 15,750 animal images of 15 classes with ground truth labels. For approximately 10,500 of these images, 20 humans provided over 52,000 annotations with an accuracy of circa 67%. Its key attributes include (1) the challenging task of classifying doppelganger animals, (2) human-estimated likelihoods as annotations, and (3) annotator metadata. We benchmark well-known multi-annotator learning approaches using seven variants of this dataset and outline further evaluation use cases such as learning beyond hard class labels and active learning. Our dataset and a comprehensive codebase are publicly available to emulate the data collection process and to reproduce all empirical results.
@inproceedings{herde2024dopanim, abstract = {Human annotators typically provide annotated data for training machine learning models, such as neural networks. Yet, human annotations are subject to noise, impairing generalization performances. Methodological research on approaches counteracting noisy annotations requires corresponding datasets for a meaningful empirical evaluation. Consequently, we introduce a novel benchmark dataset, dopanim, consisting of about 15,750 animal images of 15 classes with ground truth labels. For approximately 10,500 of these images, 20 humans provided over 52,000 annotations with an accuracy of circa 67%. Its key attributes include (1) the challenging task of classifying doppelganger animals, (2) human-estimated likelihoods as annotations, and (3) annotator metadata. We benchmark well-known multi-annotator learning approaches using seven variants of this dataset and outline further evaluation use cases such as learning beyond hard class labels and active learning. Our dataset and a comprehensive codebase are publicly available to emulate the data collection process and to reproduce all empirical results.}, author = {Herde, Marek and Huseljic, Denis and Rauch, Lukas and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2024) Track on Datasets and Benchmarks}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {1–16}, title = {dopanim: A Dataset of Doppelganger Animals with Noisy Annotations from Multiple Humans}, year = 2024 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 herde2024dopanim %A Herde, Marek %A Huseljic, Denis %A Rauch, Lukas %A Sick, Bernhard %B Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2024) Track on Datasets and Benchmarks %D 2024 %P 1--16 %T dopanim: A Dataset of Doppelganger Animals with Noisy Annotations from Multiple Humans %U https://openreview.net/forum?id=XOGosbxLrz %X Human annotators typically provide annotated data for training machine learning models, such as neural networks. Yet, human annotations are subject to noise, impairing generalization performances. Methodological research on approaches counteracting noisy annotations requires corresponding datasets for a meaningful empirical evaluation. Consequently, we introduce a novel benchmark dataset, dopanim, consisting of about 15,750 animal images of 15 classes with ground truth labels. For approximately 10,500 of these images, 20 humans provided over 52,000 annotations with an accuracy of circa 67%. Its key attributes include (1) the challenging task of classifying doppelganger animals, (2) human-estimated likelihoods as annotations, and (3) annotator metadata. We benchmark well-known multi-annotator learning approaches using seven variants of this dataset and outline further evaluation use cases such as learning beyond hard class labels and active learning. Our dataset and a comprehensive codebase are publicly available to emulate the data collection process and to reproduce all empirical results.
Time-Series Representation Learning via Heterogeneous Spatial-Temporal Contrasting for Remaining Useful Life Prediction.Huang, Zhixin; He, Yujiang; Nivarthi, Chandana Priya; Gruhl, Christian; Sick, Bernhard. In International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), bll 1–21. Springer, 2024.
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Classical contrastive learning paradigms rely on manual augmentations like cropping, masking, dropping, or adding noise randomly to create divergent sample views from original data. However, the choice of which method to manipulate samples is often subjective and may destroy the latent pattern of the sample. In response, this paper introduces a novel contrastive learning paradigm without choosing sample view augmentation methods, termed Heterogeneous Spatial-Temporal Representation Contrasting (HSTRC). Instead of sample view augmentation, we employ dual branches with a heterogeneous spatial-temporal flipped structure to extract two distinct hidden feature views from the same source data, which avoids disturbing the original time series. Leveraging a combination of cross-branch spatial-temporal contrastive and projected feature contrastive loss functions, HSTRC can effectively extract robust representations from unlabeled time series data. Remarkably, by only fine-tuning the fully connected layers on top of extracted representations by HSTRC, we achieve the best performance across several Remaining Useful Life prediction datasets, showing up to 19.2% improvements over the state-of-the-art supervised learning methods and classical contrastive learning paradigms. Besides, further intensive experiments demonstrate HSTRC's effectiveness in active learning, out-of-distribution testing, and transfer learning scenarios.
@inproceedings{huang2024time, abstract = {Classical contrastive learning paradigms rely on manual augmentations like cropping, masking, dropping, or adding noise randomly to create divergent sample views from original data. However, the choice of which method to manipulate samples is often subjective and may destroy the latent pattern of the sample. In response, this paper introduces a novel contrastive learning paradigm without choosing sample view augmentation methods, termed Heterogeneous Spatial-Temporal Representation Contrasting (HSTRC). Instead of sample view augmentation, we employ dual branches with a heterogeneous spatial-temporal flipped structure to extract two distinct hidden feature views from the same source data, which avoids disturbing the original time series. Leveraging a combination of cross-branch spatial-temporal contrastive and projected feature contrastive loss functions, HSTRC can effectively extract robust representations from unlabeled time series data. Remarkably, by only fine-tuning the fully connected layers on top of extracted representations by HSTRC, we achieve the best performance across several Remaining Useful Life prediction datasets, showing up to 19.2% improvements over the state-of-the-art supervised learning methods and classical contrastive learning paradigms. Besides, further intensive experiments demonstrate HSTRC's effectiveness in active learning, out-of-distribution testing, and transfer learning scenarios.}, author = {Huang, Zhixin and He, Yujiang and Nivarthi, Chandana Priya and Gruhl, Christian and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {1–21}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Time-Series Representation Learning via Heterogeneous Spatial-Temporal Contrasting for Remaining Useful Life Prediction}, year = 2024 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 huang2024time %A Huang, Zhixin %A He, Yujiang %A Nivarthi, Chandana Priya %A Gruhl, Christian %A Sick, Bernhard %B International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR) %D 2024 %I Springer %P 1--21 %R 10.1007/978-3-031-78398-2_1 %T Time-Series Representation Learning via Heterogeneous Spatial-Temporal Contrasting for Remaining Useful Life Prediction %X Classical contrastive learning paradigms rely on manual augmentations like cropping, masking, dropping, or adding noise randomly to create divergent sample views from original data. However, the choice of which method to manipulate samples is often subjective and may destroy the latent pattern of the sample. In response, this paper introduces a novel contrastive learning paradigm without choosing sample view augmentation methods, termed Heterogeneous Spatial-Temporal Representation Contrasting (HSTRC). Instead of sample view augmentation, we employ dual branches with a heterogeneous spatial-temporal flipped structure to extract two distinct hidden feature views from the same source data, which avoids disturbing the original time series. Leveraging a combination of cross-branch spatial-temporal contrastive and projected feature contrastive loss functions, HSTRC can effectively extract robust representations from unlabeled time series data. Remarkably, by only fine-tuning the fully connected layers on top of extracted representations by HSTRC, we achieve the best performance across several Remaining Useful Life prediction datasets, showing up to 19.2% improvements over the state-of-the-art supervised learning methods and classical contrastive learning paradigms. Besides, further intensive experiments demonstrate HSTRC's effectiveness in active learning, out-of-distribution testing, and transfer learning scenarios.
Criteria for Uncertainty-based Corner Cases Detection in Instance Segmentation.Heidecker, Florian; El-Khateeb, Ahmad; Bieshaar, Maarten; Sick, Bernhard. In arXiv e-prints, bl arXiv:2404.11266. 2024.
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The operating environment of a highly automated vehicle is subject to change, e.g., weather, illumination, or the scenario containing different objects and other participants in which the highly automated vehicle has to navigate its passengers safely. These situations must be considered when developing and validating highly automated driving functions. This already poses a problem for training and evaluating deep learning models because without the costly labeling of thousands of recordings, not knowing whether the data contains relevant, interesting data for further model training, it is a guess under which conditions and situations the model performs poorly. For this purpose, we present corner case criteria based on the predictive uncertainty. With our corner case criteria, we are able to detect uncertainty-based corner cases of an object instance segmentation model without relying on ground truth (GT) data. We evaluated each corner case criterion using the COCO and the NuImages dataset to analyze the potential of our approach. We also provide a corner case decision function that allows us to distinguish each object into True Positive (TP), localization and/or classification corner case, or False Positive (FP). We also present our first results of an iterative training cycle that outperforms the baseline and where the data added to the training dataset is selected based on the corner case decision function.
@article{heidecker2024criteria, abstract = {The operating environment of a highly automated vehicle is subject to change, e.g., weather, illumination, or the scenario containing different objects and other participants in which the highly automated vehicle has to navigate its passengers safely. These situations must be considered when developing and validating highly automated driving functions. This already poses a problem for training and evaluating deep learning models because without the costly labeling of thousands of recordings, not knowing whether the data contains relevant, interesting data for further model training, it is a guess under which conditions and situations the model performs poorly. For this purpose, we present corner case criteria based on the predictive uncertainty. With our corner case criteria, we are able to detect uncertainty-based corner cases of an object instance segmentation model without relying on ground truth (GT) data. We evaluated each corner case criterion using the COCO and the NuImages dataset to analyze the potential of our approach. We also provide a corner case decision function that allows us to distinguish each object into True Positive (TP), localization and/or classification corner case, or False Positive (FP). We also present our first results of an iterative training cycle that outperforms the baseline and where the data added to the training dataset is selected based on the corner case decision function.}, author = {Heidecker, Florian and El-Khateeb, Ahmad and Bieshaar, Maarten and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {arXiv e-prints}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {arXiv:2404.11266}, title = {Criteria for Uncertainty-based Corner Cases Detection in Instance Segmentation}, year = 2024 }
%0 Journal Article %1 heidecker2024criteria %A Heidecker, Florian %A El-Khateeb, Ahmad %A Bieshaar, Maarten %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2024 %J arXiv e-prints %P arXiv:2404.11266 %T Criteria for Uncertainty-based Corner Cases Detection in Instance Segmentation %U https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.11266 %X The operating environment of a highly automated vehicle is subject to change, e.g., weather, illumination, or the scenario containing different objects and other participants in which the highly automated vehicle has to navigate its passengers safely. These situations must be considered when developing and validating highly automated driving functions. This already poses a problem for training and evaluating deep learning models because without the costly labeling of thousands of recordings, not knowing whether the data contains relevant, interesting data for further model training, it is a guess under which conditions and situations the model performs poorly. For this purpose, we present corner case criteria based on the predictive uncertainty. With our corner case criteria, we are able to detect uncertainty-based corner cases of an object instance segmentation model without relying on ground truth (GT) data. We evaluated each corner case criterion using the COCO and the NuImages dataset to analyze the potential of our approach. We also provide a corner case decision function that allows us to distinguish each object into True Positive (TP), localization and/or classification corner case, or False Positive (FP). We also present our first results of an iterative training cycle that outperforms the baseline and where the data added to the training dataset is selected based on the corner case decision function.
Detecting Intentions of Vulnerable Road Users Based on Collective Intelligence as a Basis for Automated Driving.Zernetsch, Stefan; Kress, Viktor; Bieshaar, Maarten; Schneegans, Jan; Reitberger, Günther; Fuchs, Erich; Sick, Bernhard; Doll, Konrad. In Cooperatively Interacting Vehicles: Methods and Effects of Automated Cooperation in Traffic, C. Stiller, M. Althoff, C. Burger, B. Deml, L. Eckstein, F. Flemisch (reds.), bll 35–87. Springer, 2024.
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The project Detecting Intentions of Vulnerable Road Users Based on Collective Intelligence as a Basis for Automated Driving (DeCoInt{\$$}{\$$}^2{\$$}{\$$}2) focuses on detecting the intentions of vulnerable road users (VRUs) in automated driving using cooperative technologies. Especially in urban areas, VRUs, e.g., pedestrians and cyclists, will continue to play an essential role in mixed traffic. For an accident-free and highly efficient traffic flow with automated vehicles, it is vital to perceive VRUs and their intentions and analyze them similarly to humans when driving and forecasting VRU trajectories. Doing this reliably and robustly with a multimodal sensor system (e.g., cameras, LiDARs, accelerometers, and gyroscopes in mobile devices) in real-time is a big challenge. We follow a holistic, cooperative approach to recognize humans' movements and forecast their trajectories. Heterogeneous open sets of agents, i.e., collaboratively interacting vehicles, infrastructure, and VRUs equipped with mobile devices, exchange information to determine individual models of their surrounding environment, allowing an accurate and reliable forecast of VRU basic movements and trajectories. The collective intelligence of cooperating agents resolves occlusions, implausibilities, and inconsistencies. We developed new methods by considering and combining novel signal processing and modeling techniques with machine learning-based pattern recognition approaches. The cooperation between agents happens on several levels: the VRU perception level, the level of recognized trajectories, or the level of already detected intentions.
@inbook{zernetsch2024detecting, abstract = {The project Detecting Intentions of Vulnerable Road Users Based on Collective Intelligence as a Basis for Automated Driving (DeCoInt{\$}{\$}^2{\$}{\$}2) focuses on detecting the intentions of vulnerable road users (VRUs) in automated driving using cooperative technologies. Especially in urban areas, VRUs, e.g., pedestrians and cyclists, will continue to play an essential role in mixed traffic. For an accident-free and highly efficient traffic flow with automated vehicles, it is vital to perceive VRUs and their intentions and analyze them similarly to humans when driving and forecasting VRU trajectories. Doing this reliably and robustly with a multimodal sensor system (e.g., cameras, LiDARs, accelerometers, and gyroscopes in mobile devices) in real-time is a big challenge. We follow a holistic, cooperative approach to recognize humans' movements and forecast their trajectories. Heterogeneous open sets of agents, i.e., collaboratively interacting vehicles, infrastructure, and VRUs equipped with mobile devices, exchange information to determine individual models of their surrounding environment, allowing an accurate and reliable forecast of VRU basic movements and trajectories. The collective intelligence of cooperating agents resolves occlusions, implausibilities, and inconsistencies. We developed new methods by considering and combining novel signal processing and modeling techniques with machine learning-based pattern recognition approaches. The cooperation between agents happens on several levels: the VRU perception level, the level of recognized trajectories, or the level of already detected intentions.}, author = {Zernetsch, Stefan and Kress, Viktor and Bieshaar, Maarten and Schneegans, Jan and Reitberger, G{\"u}nther and Fuchs, Erich and Sick, Bernhard and Doll, Konrad}, booktitle = {Cooperatively Interacting Vehicles: Methods and Effects of Automated Cooperation in Traffic}, editor = {Stiller, Christoph and Althoff, Matthias and Burger, Christoph and Deml, Barbara and Eckstein, Lutz and Flemisch, Frank}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {35–87}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Detecting Intentions of Vulnerable Road Users Based on Collective Intelligence as a Basis for Automated Driving}, year = 2024 }
%0 Book Section %1 zernetsch2024detecting %A Zernetsch, Stefan %A Kress, Viktor %A Bieshaar, Maarten %A Schneegans, Jan %A Reitberger, Günther %A Fuchs, Erich %A Sick, Bernhard %A Doll, Konrad %B Cooperatively Interacting Vehicles: Methods and Effects of Automated Cooperation in Traffic %D 2024 %E Stiller, Christoph %E Althoff, Matthias %E Burger, Christoph %E Deml, Barbara %E Eckstein, Lutz %E Flemisch, Frank %I Springer %P 35--87 %R 10.1007/978-3-031-60494-2_3 %T Detecting Intentions of Vulnerable Road Users Based on Collective Intelligence as a Basis for Automated Driving %X The project Detecting Intentions of Vulnerable Road Users Based on Collective Intelligence as a Basis for Automated Driving (DeCoInt{\$$}{\$$}^2{\$$}{\$$}2) focuses on detecting the intentions of vulnerable road users (VRUs) in automated driving using cooperative technologies. Especially in urban areas, VRUs, e.g., pedestrians and cyclists, will continue to play an essential role in mixed traffic. For an accident-free and highly efficient traffic flow with automated vehicles, it is vital to perceive VRUs and their intentions and analyze them similarly to humans when driving and forecasting VRU trajectories. Doing this reliably and robustly with a multimodal sensor system (e.g., cameras, LiDARs, accelerometers, and gyroscopes in mobile devices) in real-time is a big challenge. We follow a holistic, cooperative approach to recognize humans' movements and forecast their trajectories. Heterogeneous open sets of agents, i.e., collaboratively interacting vehicles, infrastructure, and VRUs equipped with mobile devices, exchange information to determine individual models of their surrounding environment, allowing an accurate and reliable forecast of VRU basic movements and trajectories. The collective intelligence of cooperating agents resolves occlusions, implausibilities, and inconsistencies. We developed new methods by considering and combining novel signal processing and modeling techniques with machine learning-based pattern recognition approaches. The cooperation between agents happens on several levels: the VRU perception level, the level of recognized trajectories, or the level of already detected intentions. %@ 978-3-031-60494-2
Systematic Evaluation of Uncertainty Calibration in Pretrained Object Detectors.Huseljic, Denis; Herde, Marek; Hahn, Paul; Müjde, Mehmet; Sick, Bernhard. In International Journal of Computer Vision, 133(3), bll 1033–1047. Springer, 2024.
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In the field of deep learning based computer vision, the development of deep object detection has led to unique paradigms (e.g., two-stage or set-based) and architectures (e.g., Faster-RCNN or DETR) which enable outstanding performance on challenging benchmark datasets. Despite this, the trained object detectors typically do not reliably assess uncertainty regarding their own knowledge, and the quality of their probabilistic predictions is usually poor. As these are often used to make subsequent decisions, such inaccurate probabilistic predictions must be avoided. In this work, we investigate the uncertainty calibration properties of different pretrained object detection architectures in a multi-class setting. We propose a framework to ensure a fair, unbiased, and repeatable evaluation and conduct detailed analyses assessing the calibration under distributional changes (e.g., distributional shift and application to out-of-distribution data). Furthermore, by investigating the influence of different detector paradigms, post-processing steps, and suitable choices of metrics, we deliver novel insights into why poor detector calibration emerges. Based on these insights, we are able to improve the calibration of a detector by simply finetuning its last layer.
@article{huseljic2024systematic, abstract = {In the field of deep learning based computer vision, the development of deep object detection has led to unique paradigms (e.g., two-stage or set-based) and architectures (e.g., Faster-RCNN or DETR) which enable outstanding performance on challenging benchmark datasets. Despite this, the trained object detectors typically do not reliably assess uncertainty regarding their own knowledge, and the quality of their probabilistic predictions is usually poor. As these are often used to make subsequent decisions, such inaccurate probabilistic predictions must be avoided. In this work, we investigate the uncertainty calibration properties of different pretrained object detection architectures in a multi-class setting. We propose a framework to ensure a fair, unbiased, and repeatable evaluation and conduct detailed analyses assessing the calibration under distributional changes (e.g., distributional shift and application to out-of-distribution data). Furthermore, by investigating the influence of different detector paradigms, post-processing steps, and suitable choices of metrics, we deliver novel insights into why poor detector calibration emerges. Based on these insights, we are able to improve the calibration of a detector by simply finetuning its last layer.}, author = {Huseljic, Denis and Herde, Marek and Hahn, Paul and Müjde, Mehmet and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {International Journal of Computer Vision}, keywords = {itegpub}, number = 3, pages = {1033–1047}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Systematic Evaluation of Uncertainty Calibration in Pretrained Object Detectors}, volume = 133, year = 2024 }
%0 Journal Article %1 huseljic2024systematic %A Huseljic, Denis %A Herde, Marek %A Hahn, Paul %A Müjde, Mehmet %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2024 %I Springer %J International Journal of Computer Vision %N 3 %P 1033--1047 %R 10.1007/s11263-024-02219-z %T Systematic Evaluation of Uncertainty Calibration in Pretrained Object Detectors %U https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11263-024-02219-z %V 133 %X In the field of deep learning based computer vision, the development of deep object detection has led to unique paradigms (e.g., two-stage or set-based) and architectures (e.g., Faster-RCNN or DETR) which enable outstanding performance on challenging benchmark datasets. Despite this, the trained object detectors typically do not reliably assess uncertainty regarding their own knowledge, and the quality of their probabilistic predictions is usually poor. As these are often used to make subsequent decisions, such inaccurate probabilistic predictions must be avoided. In this work, we investigate the uncertainty calibration properties of different pretrained object detection architectures in a multi-class setting. We propose a framework to ensure a fair, unbiased, and repeatable evaluation and conduct detailed analyses assessing the calibration under distributional changes (e.g., distributional shift and application to out-of-distribution data). Furthermore, by investigating the influence of different detector paradigms, post-processing steps, and suitable choices of metrics, we deliver novel insights into why poor detector calibration emerges. Based on these insights, we are able to improve the calibration of a detector by simply finetuning its last layer.
Spatial-Temporal Attention Graph Neural Network with Uncertainty Estimation for Remaining Useful Life Prediction.Huang, Zhixin; Nivarthi, Chandana Priya; Gruhl, Christian; Sick, Bernhard. In International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), bll 1–9. IEEE, 2024.
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In the increasingly complex industrial system health management domain, accurate prediction of remaining useful life plays an essential role. This paper analyzes the methods to improve the predictive performance of remaining useful life from three aspects: optimizing model structures, augmenting uncertainty estimation in predictions, and transitioning normalization methods. Based on our analysis, we propose a novel model, the Uncertainty Spatial-Temporal Attention Graph Neural Network (USTAGNN), which consists of three primary components: sensor graph construction, a spatio-temporal feature extractor, and a probabilistic prediction module. The feature extractor leverages graph neural networks and temporal convolutional networks as a foundation to extract spatial and temporal features, further enhanced by attention mechanisms, spectral normalization, and residual connections to bolster its distance awareness. Following extensive experimental comparisons, we utilized the parameter-driven dynamic adjacency matrix for sensor graph construction and the deep kernel Gaussian process for precise uncertainty estimation. USTAGNN tries to resolve issues not thoroughly addressed in existing research, such as comparative analyses of sensor graph construction methods, accurate uncertainty estimation, and the model’s generalization under different preprocessing conditions. The proposed model demonstrated state-of-the-art performance on various subsets of the C-MAPSS dataset, achieving up to a 35.9% improvement in prediction score.
@inproceedings{huang2024spatial, abstract = {In the increasingly complex industrial system health management domain, accurate prediction of remaining useful life plays an essential role. This paper analyzes the methods to improve the predictive performance of remaining useful life from three aspects: optimizing model structures, augmenting uncertainty estimation in predictions, and transitioning normalization methods. Based on our analysis, we propose a novel model, the Uncertainty Spatial-Temporal Attention Graph Neural Network (USTAGNN), which consists of three primary components: sensor graph construction, a spatio-temporal feature extractor, and a probabilistic prediction module. The feature extractor leverages graph neural networks and temporal convolutional networks as a foundation to extract spatial and temporal features, further enhanced by attention mechanisms, spectral normalization, and residual connections to bolster its distance awareness. Following extensive experimental comparisons, we utilized the parameter-driven dynamic adjacency matrix for sensor graph construction and the deep kernel Gaussian process for precise uncertainty estimation. USTAGNN tries to resolve issues not thoroughly addressed in existing research, such as comparative analyses of sensor graph construction methods, accurate uncertainty estimation, and the model’s generalization under different preprocessing conditions. The proposed model demonstrated state-of-the-art performance on various subsets of the C-MAPSS dataset, achieving up to a 35.9% improvement in prediction score.}, author = {Huang, Zhixin and Nivarthi, Chandana Priya and Gruhl, Christian and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {1–9}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Spatial-Temporal Attention Graph Neural Network with Uncertainty Estimation for Remaining Useful Life Prediction}, year = 2024 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 huang2024spatial %A Huang, Zhixin %A Nivarthi, Chandana Priya %A Gruhl, Christian %A Sick, Bernhard %B International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) %D 2024 %I IEEE %P 1--9 %R 10.1109/IJCNN60899.2024.10650622 %T Spatial-Temporal Attention Graph Neural Network with Uncertainty Estimation for Remaining Useful Life Prediction %X In the increasingly complex industrial system health management domain, accurate prediction of remaining useful life plays an essential role. This paper analyzes the methods to improve the predictive performance of remaining useful life from three aspects: optimizing model structures, augmenting uncertainty estimation in predictions, and transitioning normalization methods. Based on our analysis, we propose a novel model, the Uncertainty Spatial-Temporal Attention Graph Neural Network (USTAGNN), which consists of three primary components: sensor graph construction, a spatio-temporal feature extractor, and a probabilistic prediction module. The feature extractor leverages graph neural networks and temporal convolutional networks as a foundation to extract spatial and temporal features, further enhanced by attention mechanisms, spectral normalization, and residual connections to bolster its distance awareness. Following extensive experimental comparisons, we utilized the parameter-driven dynamic adjacency matrix for sensor graph construction and the deep kernel Gaussian process for precise uncertainty estimation. USTAGNN tries to resolve issues not thoroughly addressed in existing research, such as comparative analyses of sensor graph construction methods, accurate uncertainty estimation, and the model’s generalization under different preprocessing conditions. The proposed model demonstrated state-of-the-art performance on various subsets of the C-MAPSS dataset, achieving up to a 35.9% improvement in prediction score.
Fast Fishing: Approximating BAIT for Efficient and Scalable Deep Active Image Classification.Huseljic, Denis; Hahn, Paul; Herde, Marek; Rauch, Lukas; Sick, Bernhard. In European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECMLPKDD), bll 280–296. 2024.
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Deep active learning (AL) seeks to minimize the annotation costs for training deep neural networks. \\textsc{Bait, a recently proposed AL strategy based on the Fisher Information, has demonstrated impressive performance across various datasets. However, \\textsc{Bait's high computational and memory requirements hinder its applicability on large-scale classification tasks, resulting in current research neglecting \\textsc{Bait in their evaluation. This paper introduces two methods to enhance \\textsc{Bait's computational efficiency and scalability. Notably, we significantly reduce its time complexity by approximating the Fisher Information. In particular, we adapt the original formulation by i) taking the expectation over the most probable classes, and ii) constructing a binary classification task, leading to an alternative likelihood for gradient computations. Consequently, this allows the efficient use of \\textsc{Bait on large-scale datasets, including ImageNet. Our unified and comprehensive evaluation across a variety of datasets demonstrates that our approximations achieve strong performance with considerably reduced time complexity. Furthermore, we provide an extensive open-source toolbox that implements recent state-of-the-art AL strategies, available at \\url{https://github.com/dhuseljic/dal-toolbox.
@inproceedings{huseljic2024fast, abstract = {Deep active learning (AL) seeks to minimize the annotation costs for training deep neural networks. \\textsc{Bait}, a recently proposed AL strategy based on the Fisher Information, has demonstrated impressive performance across various datasets. However, \\textsc{Bait}'s high computational and memory requirements hinder its applicability on large-scale classification tasks, resulting in current research neglecting \\textsc{Bait} in their evaluation. This paper introduces two methods to enhance \\textsc{Bait}'s computational efficiency and scalability. Notably, we significantly reduce its time complexity by approximating the Fisher Information. In particular, we adapt the original formulation by i) taking the expectation over the most probable classes, and ii) constructing a binary classification task, leading to an alternative likelihood for gradient computations. Consequently, this allows the efficient use of \\textsc{Bait} on large-scale datasets, including ImageNet. Our unified and comprehensive evaluation across a variety of datasets demonstrates that our approximations achieve strong performance with considerably reduced time complexity. Furthermore, we provide an extensive open-source toolbox that implements recent state-of-the-art AL strategies, available at \\url{https://github.com/dhuseljic/dal-toolbox}.}, author = {Huseljic, Denis and Hahn, Paul and Herde, Marek and Rauch, Lukas and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECMLPKDD)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {280–296}, title = {Fast Fishing: Approximating BAIT for Efficient and Scalable Deep Active Image Classification}, year = 2024 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 huseljic2024fast %A Huseljic, Denis %A Hahn, Paul %A Herde, Marek %A Rauch, Lukas %A Sick, Bernhard %B European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECMLPKDD) %D 2024 %P 280--296 %R 10.1007/978-3-031-70368-3_17 %T Fast Fishing: Approximating BAIT for Efficient and Scalable Deep Active Image Classification %X Deep active learning (AL) seeks to minimize the annotation costs for training deep neural networks. \\textsc{Bait, a recently proposed AL strategy based on the Fisher Information, has demonstrated impressive performance across various datasets. However, \\textsc{Bait's high computational and memory requirements hinder its applicability on large-scale classification tasks, resulting in current research neglecting \\textsc{Bait in their evaluation. This paper introduces two methods to enhance \\textsc{Bait's computational efficiency and scalability. Notably, we significantly reduce its time complexity by approximating the Fisher Information. In particular, we adapt the original formulation by i) taking the expectation over the most probable classes, and ii) constructing a binary classification task, leading to an alternative likelihood for gradient computations. Consequently, this allows the efficient use of \\textsc{Bait on large-scale datasets, including ImageNet. Our unified and comprehensive evaluation across a variety of datasets demonstrates that our approximations achieve strong performance with considerably reduced time complexity. Furthermore, we provide an extensive open-source toolbox that implements recent state-of-the-art AL strategies, available at \\url{https://github.com/dhuseljic/dal-toolbox.
Exploring 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Factory Driving: Advanced Research on Handling Limited Annotations with Ground Truth Sampling Augmentation.Reuse, Matthias; Amende, Karl; Simon, Martin; Sick, Bernhard. In Computer Sciences & Mathematics Forum, 9(1), bl 5. MDPI, 2024.
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Autonomously driving vehicles in car factories and parking spaces can represent a competitive advantage in the logistics industry. However, the real-world application is challenging in many ways. First of all, there are no publicly available datasets for this specific task. Therefore, we equipped two industrial production sites with up to 11 LiDAR sensors to collect and annotate our own data for infrastructural 3D object detection. These form the basis for extensive experiments. Due to the still limited amount of labeled data, the commonly used ground truth sampling augmentation is the core of research in this work. Several variations of this augmentation method are explored, revealing that in our case, the most commonly used is not necessarily the best. We show that an easy-to-create polygon can noticeably improve the detection results in this application scenario. By using these augmentation methods, it is even possible to achieve moderate detection results when only empty frames without any objects and a database with only a few labeled objects are used.
@article{reuse2024exploring, abstract = {Autonomously driving vehicles in car factories and parking spaces can represent a competitive advantage in the logistics industry. However, the real-world application is challenging in many ways. First of all, there are no publicly available datasets for this specific task. Therefore, we equipped two industrial production sites with up to 11 LiDAR sensors to collect and annotate our own data for infrastructural 3D object detection. These form the basis for extensive experiments. Due to the still limited amount of labeled data, the commonly used ground truth sampling augmentation is the core of research in this work. Several variations of this augmentation method are explored, revealing that in our case, the most commonly used is not necessarily the best. We show that an easy-to-create polygon can noticeably improve the detection results in this application scenario. By using these augmentation methods, it is even possible to achieve moderate detection results when only empty frames without any objects and a database with only a few labeled objects are used.}, author = {Reuse, Matthias and Amende, Karl and Simon, Martin and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {Computer Sciences \& Mathematics Forum}, keywords = {itegpub}, number = 1, pages = 5, publisher = {MDPI}, title = {Exploring 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Factory Driving: Advanced Research on Handling Limited Annotations with Ground Truth Sampling Augmentation}, volume = 9, year = 2024 }
%0 Journal Article %1 reuse2024exploring %A Reuse, Matthias %A Amende, Karl %A Simon, Martin %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2024 %I MDPI %J Computer Sciences & Mathematics Forum %N 1 %P 5 %R 10.3390/cmsf2024009005 %T Exploring 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Factory Driving: Advanced Research on Handling Limited Annotations with Ground Truth Sampling Augmentation %V 9 %X Autonomously driving vehicles in car factories and parking spaces can represent a competitive advantage in the logistics industry. However, the real-world application is challenging in many ways. First of all, there are no publicly available datasets for this specific task. Therefore, we equipped two industrial production sites with up to 11 LiDAR sensors to collect and annotate our own data for infrastructural 3D object detection. These form the basis for extensive experiments. Due to the still limited amount of labeled data, the commonly used ground truth sampling augmentation is the core of research in this work. Several variations of this augmentation method are explored, revealing that in our case, the most commonly used is not necessarily the best. We show that an easy-to-create polygon can noticeably improve the detection results in this application scenario. By using these augmentation methods, it is even possible to achieve moderate detection results when only empty frames without any objects and a database with only a few labeled objects are used.
Sensor Equivariance: A Framework for Semantic Segmentation with Diverse Camera Models.Reichert, Hannes; Hetzel, Manuel; Hubert, Andreas; Doll, Konrad; Sick, Bernhard. In Workshop on Omnidirectional Computer Vision (OmniCV), ICVPR, bll 1254–1261. IEEE, 2024.
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Objects are represented differently in projection-based sensors such as cameras depending on sensor resolution, field of view, and distortion, leading to distorted physical and geometric properties. As a result, sensor data process- ing depend on these properties. With the large variations of sensors on the market, an equivariant representation and suitable processing are necessary to become independent of the sensor used. In this work, we propose an extension of conventional image data by an additional channel in which the associated projection properties are encoded. Further- more, we introduce a SensorConv layer as an extension to the conventional convolution layer. SensorConv enable us- ing projection properties in convolutional neural networks. To that end, we propose an architecture for using the Sen- sorConv layer in the Detectron2 [21] framework. We col- lected a dataset of equirectangular images for our experi- ments with the CARLA [3] simulator. To analyze multiple sensor models (i.e., sensor intrinsic), we created an aug- mentation method to emulate a high variability of sensors from the collected equirectangular panoramas. In our ex- periment, we show that our method can generalize better across different camera sensors.
@inproceedings{reichert2024sensor, abstract = {Objects are represented differently in projection-based sensors such as cameras depending on sensor resolution, field of view, and distortion, leading to distorted physical and geometric properties. As a result, sensor data process- ing depend on these properties. With the large variations of sensors on the market, an equivariant representation and suitable processing are necessary to become independent of the sensor used. In this work, we propose an extension of conventional image data by an additional channel in which the associated projection properties are encoded. Further- more, we introduce a SensorConv layer as an extension to the conventional convolution layer. SensorConv enable us- ing projection properties in convolutional neural networks. To that end, we propose an architecture for using the Sen- sorConv layer in the Detectron2 [21] framework. We col- lected a dataset of equirectangular images for our experi- ments with the CARLA [3] simulator. To analyze multiple sensor models (i.e., sensor intrinsic), we created an aug- mentation method to emulate a high variability of sensors from the collected equirectangular panoramas. In our ex- periment, we show that our method can generalize better across different camera sensors.}, author = {Reichert, Hannes and Hetzel, Manuel and Hubert, Andreas and Doll, Konrad and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Workshop on Omnidirectional Computer Vision (OmniCV), ICVPR}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {1254–1261}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Sensor Equivariance: A Framework for Semantic Segmentation with Diverse Camera Models}, year = 2024 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 reichert2024sensor %A Reichert, Hannes %A Hetzel, Manuel %A Hubert, Andreas %A Doll, Konrad %A Sick, Bernhard %B Workshop on Omnidirectional Computer Vision (OmniCV), ICVPR %D 2024 %I IEEE %P 1254--1261 %R 10.1109/CVPRW63382.2024.00132 %T Sensor Equivariance: A Framework for Semantic Segmentation with Diverse Camera Models %X Objects are represented differently in projection-based sensors such as cameras depending on sensor resolution, field of view, and distortion, leading to distorted physical and geometric properties. As a result, sensor data process- ing depend on these properties. With the large variations of sensors on the market, an equivariant representation and suitable processing are necessary to become independent of the sensor used. In this work, we propose an extension of conventional image data by an additional channel in which the associated projection properties are encoded. Further- more, we introduce a SensorConv layer as an extension to the conventional convolution layer. SensorConv enable us- ing projection properties in convolutional neural networks. To that end, we propose an architecture for using the Sen- sorConv layer in the Detectron2 [21] framework. We col- lected a dataset of equirectangular images for our experi- ments with the CARLA [3] simulator. To analyze multiple sensor models (i.e., sensor intrinsic), we created an aug- mentation method to emulate a high variability of sensors from the collected equirectangular panoramas. In our ex- periment, we show that our method can generalize better across different camera sensors.
PrOuD: Probabilistic Outlier Detection Solution for Time Series Analysis on Real-world Photovoltaic Inverters.He, Yujiang; Huang, Zhixin; Vogt, Stephan; Sick, Bernhard. In Energies (MDPI), 17(1), bl 64. MDPI, 2024.
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Anomaly detection methods applied to time series are mostly viewed as a black box, which solely provides a deterministic answer to the detected target. Without a convincing explanation, domain experts can hardly trust the detection results and conduct a further time series diagnosis in real-world applications. To overcome the challenge, we mathematically analyzed the sources of anomalies and novelties in multivariate time series as well as their relationships from the perspective of Gaussian-distributed non-stationary noise. Furthermore, we proposed mathematical methods to generate artificial time series and synthetic anomalies, with the goal of solving the problem that it is difficult to train and evaluate models in real-world applications due to the lack of sufficient data. In addition, we designed extbfProbabilistic extbfOutlier extbfDetection (PrOuD), which is a general solution to provide interpretable detection results to assist domain experts in time series analysis. PrOuD can convert a predictive uncertainty of a trained model about a time series value into an estimated uncertainty of the detected outlier through Monte Carlo Estimation. The experimental results obtained on both artificial time series and real-world photovoltaic inverter data demonstrated that the proposed solution could detect emerging anomalies accurately and quickly. The implemented PrOuD demo case shows the potential to makes the detection results of the existing detection methods more convincing so that domain experts can more efficiently complete their tasks, such as time series diagnosis and anomalous pattern clustering.
@article{he2023proud, abstract = {Anomaly detection methods applied to time series are mostly viewed as a black box, which solely provides a deterministic answer to the detected target. Without a convincing explanation, domain experts can hardly trust the detection results and conduct a further time series diagnosis in real-world applications. To overcome the challenge, we mathematically analyzed the sources of anomalies and novelties in multivariate time series as well as their relationships from the perspective of Gaussian-distributed non-stationary noise. Furthermore, we proposed mathematical methods to generate artificial time series and synthetic anomalies, with the goal of solving the problem that it is difficult to train and evaluate models in real-world applications due to the lack of sufficient data. In addition, we designed extbf{Pr}obabilistic extbf{Ou}tlier extbf{D}etection (PrOuD), which is a general solution to provide interpretable detection results to assist domain experts in time series analysis. PrOuD can convert a predictive uncertainty of a trained model about a time series value into an estimated uncertainty of the detected outlier through Monte Carlo Estimation. The experimental results obtained on both artificial time series and real-world photovoltaic inverter data demonstrated that the proposed solution could detect emerging anomalies accurately and quickly. The implemented PrOuD demo case shows the potential to makes the detection results of the existing detection methods more convincing so that domain experts can more efficiently complete their tasks, such as time series diagnosis and anomalous pattern clustering.}, author = {He, Yujiang and Huang, Zhixin and Vogt, Stephan and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {Energies (MDPI)}, keywords = {itegpub}, number = 1, pages = 64, publisher = {MDPI}, title = {PrOuD: Probabilistic Outlier Detection Solution for Time Series Analysis on Real-world Photovoltaic Inverters}, volume = 17, year = 2024 }
%0 Journal Article %1 he2023proud %A He, Yujiang %A Huang, Zhixin %A Vogt, Stephan %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2024 %I MDPI %J Energies (MDPI) %N 1 %P 64 %R 10.3390/en17010064 %T PrOuD: Probabilistic Outlier Detection Solution for Time Series Analysis on Real-world Photovoltaic Inverters %U https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/1/64 %V 17 %X Anomaly detection methods applied to time series are mostly viewed as a black box, which solely provides a deterministic answer to the detected target. Without a convincing explanation, domain experts can hardly trust the detection results and conduct a further time series diagnosis in real-world applications. To overcome the challenge, we mathematically analyzed the sources of anomalies and novelties in multivariate time series as well as their relationships from the perspective of Gaussian-distributed non-stationary noise. Furthermore, we proposed mathematical methods to generate artificial time series and synthetic anomalies, with the goal of solving the problem that it is difficult to train and evaluate models in real-world applications due to the lack of sufficient data. In addition, we designed extbfProbabilistic extbfOutlier extbfDetection (PrOuD), which is a general solution to provide interpretable detection results to assist domain experts in time series analysis. PrOuD can convert a predictive uncertainty of a trained model about a time series value into an estimated uncertainty of the detected outlier through Monte Carlo Estimation. The experimental results obtained on both artificial time series and real-world photovoltaic inverter data demonstrated that the proposed solution could detect emerging anomalies accurately and quickly. The implemented PrOuD demo case shows the potential to makes the detection results of the existing detection methods more convincing so that domain experts can more efficiently complete their tasks, such as time series diagnosis and anomalous pattern clustering.
General Reusability: Ensuring Long-Term Benefits of Deep Active Learning.Hahn, Paul; Huseljic, Denis; Herde, Marek; Sick, Bernhard. In Workshop on Interactive Adapative Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD, bll 33–46. 2024.
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Deep active learning (DAL) provides a promising framework for reducing labeling costs for data-hungry deep neural networks. In DAL research, experiments are evaluated based on the performance of the model that is responsible for querying data, which can be interpreted as a model-centric evaluation. However, the data queried by DAL should be model agnostic so that new models can be effectively trained on it. An example can be derived from the rapid progress in deep learning, where new architectures are proposed in quick succession. Naturally, we want to employ these new and more effective models while still using the queried data from DAL. This results in the need to ensure high performance for both current and future models, which we refer to as reusability. In line with this topic, we propose general reusability, a novel, data-centric evaluation metric that measures the long-term value of queried data. Our experiments demonstrate that the current evaluation protocol in DAL research does not assess the reusability of data and that GR can fill this gap.
@inproceedings{hahn2024general, abstract = {Deep active learning (DAL) provides a promising framework for reducing labeling costs for data-hungry deep neural networks. In DAL research, experiments are evaluated based on the performance of the model that is responsible for querying data, which can be interpreted as a model-centric evaluation. However, the data queried by DAL should be model agnostic so that new models can be effectively trained on it. An example can be derived from the rapid progress in deep learning, where new architectures are proposed in quick succession. Naturally, we want to employ these new and more effective models while still using the queried data from DAL. This results in the need to ensure high performance for both current and future models, which we refer to as reusability. In line with this topic, we propose general reusability, a novel, data-centric evaluation metric that measures the long-term value of queried data. Our experiments demonstrate that the current evaluation protocol in DAL research does not assess the reusability of data and that GR can fill this gap.}, author = {Hahn, Paul and Huseljic, Denis and Herde, Marek and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Workshop on Interactive Adapative Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {33–46}, title = {General Reusability: Ensuring Long-Term Benefits of Deep Active Learning}, year = 2024 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 hahn2024general %A Hahn, Paul %A Huseljic, Denis %A Herde, Marek %A Sick, Bernhard %B Workshop on Interactive Adapative Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD %D 2024 %P 33--46 %T General Reusability: Ensuring Long-Term Benefits of Deep Active Learning %U https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3770/paper5.pdf %X Deep active learning (DAL) provides a promising framework for reducing labeling costs for data-hungry deep neural networks. In DAL research, experiments are evaluated based on the performance of the model that is responsible for querying data, which can be interpreted as a model-centric evaluation. However, the data queried by DAL should be model agnostic so that new models can be effectively trained on it. An example can be derived from the rapid progress in deep learning, where new architectures are proposed in quick succession. Naturally, we want to employ these new and more effective models while still using the queried data from DAL. This results in the need to ensure high performance for both current and future models, which we refer to as reusability. In line with this topic, we propose general reusability, a novel, data-centric evaluation metric that measures the long-term value of queried data. Our experiments demonstrate that the current evaluation protocol in DAL research does not assess the reusability of data and that GR can fill this gap.
It is the habit not the handle that affects tooth brushing - a randomised counterbalanced cross over study with young and healthy adults.Deinzer, Renate; Eidenhardt, Zdenka; Sohrabi, Keywan; Stenger, Manuel; Kraft, Dominik; Sick, Bernhard; Götz-Hahn, Franz; Bottenbruch, Carlotta; Berneburg, Nils; Weik, Ulrike. In BMC Oral Health, 24(1), bl 757. Springer, 2024.
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Objective To assess the effect of the toothbrush handle on video-observed toothbrushing behaviour and toothbrushing effectiveness. Methods This is a randomized counterbalanced cross-over study. N = 50 university students and employees brushed their teeth at two occasions, one week apart, using either a commercial ergonomically designed manual toothbrush (MT) or Brushalyze V1 (BV1), a manual toothbrush with a thick cylindrical handle without any specific ergonomic features. Brushing behaviour was video-analysed. Plaque was assessed at the second occasion immediately after brushing. Participants also rated their self-perceived oral cleanliness and directly compared the two brushes regarding their handling and compared them to the brushed they used at home. Results The study participants found the BV1 significantly more cumbersome than the M1 or their brush at home. (p < 0.05). However, correlation analyses revealed a strong consistency of brushing behavior with the two brushes (0.71 < r < 0.91). Means differed only slightly (all d < 0.36). These differences became statistically significant only for the brushing time at inner surfaces (d = 0.31 p = 0.03) and horizontal movements at inner surfaces (d = 0.35, p = 0.02). Plaque levels at the gingival margins did not differ while slightly more plaque persisted at the more coronal aspects of the crown after brushing with BV1 (d = 0.592; p 0.042). Discussion The results of the study indicate that the brushing handle does not play a major role in brushing behavior or brushing effectiveness.
@article{deinzer2024it, abstract = {Objective To assess the effect of the toothbrush handle on video-observed toothbrushing behaviour and toothbrushing effectiveness. Methods This is a randomized counterbalanced cross-over study. N = 50 university students and employees brushed their teeth at two occasions, one week apart, using either a commercial ergonomically designed manual toothbrush (MT) or Brushalyze V1 (BV1), a manual toothbrush with a thick cylindrical handle without any specific ergonomic features. Brushing behaviour was video-analysed. Plaque was assessed at the second occasion immediately after brushing. Participants also rated their self-perceived oral cleanliness and directly compared the two brushes regarding their handling and compared them to the brushed they used at home. Results The study participants found the BV1 significantly more cumbersome than the M1 or their brush at home. (p < 0.05). However, correlation analyses revealed a strong consistency of brushing behavior with the two brushes (0.71 < r < 0.91). Means differed only slightly (all d < 0.36). These differences became statistically significant only for the brushing time at inner surfaces (d = 0.31 p = 0.03) and horizontal movements at inner surfaces (d = 0.35, p = 0.02). Plaque levels at the gingival margins did not differ while slightly more plaque persisted at the more coronal aspects of the crown after brushing with BV1 (d = 0.592; p 0.042). Discussion The results of the study indicate that the brushing handle does not play a major role in brushing behavior or brushing effectiveness.}, author = {Deinzer, Renate and Eidenhardt, Zdenka and Sohrabi, Keywan and Stenger, Manuel and Kraft, Dominik and Sick, Bernhard and Götz-Hahn, Franz and Bottenbruch, Carlotta and Berneburg, Nils and Weik, Ulrike}, journal = {BMC Oral Health}, keywords = {itegpub}, number = 1, pages = 757, publisher = {Springer}, title = {It is the habit not the handle that affects tooth brushing - a randomised counterbalanced cross over study with young and healthy adults}, volume = 24, year = 2024 }
%0 Journal Article %1 deinzer2024it %A Deinzer, Renate %A Eidenhardt, Zdenka %A Sohrabi, Keywan %A Stenger, Manuel %A Kraft, Dominik %A Sick, Bernhard %A Götz-Hahn, Franz %A Bottenbruch, Carlotta %A Berneburg, Nils %A Weik, Ulrike %D 2024 %I Springer %J BMC Oral Health %N 1 %P 757 %R 10.1186/s12903-024-04538-6 %T It is the habit not the handle that affects tooth brushing - a randomised counterbalanced cross over study with young and healthy adults %V 24 %X Objective To assess the effect of the toothbrush handle on video-observed toothbrushing behaviour and toothbrushing effectiveness. Methods This is a randomized counterbalanced cross-over study. N = 50 university students and employees brushed their teeth at two occasions, one week apart, using either a commercial ergonomically designed manual toothbrush (MT) or Brushalyze V1 (BV1), a manual toothbrush with a thick cylindrical handle without any specific ergonomic features. Brushing behaviour was video-analysed. Plaque was assessed at the second occasion immediately after brushing. Participants also rated their self-perceived oral cleanliness and directly compared the two brushes regarding their handling and compared them to the brushed they used at home. Results The study participants found the BV1 significantly more cumbersome than the M1 or their brush at home. (p < 0.05). However, correlation analyses revealed a strong consistency of brushing behavior with the two brushes (0.71 < r < 0.91). Means differed only slightly (all d < 0.36). These differences became statistically significant only for the brushing time at inner surfaces (d = 0.31 p = 0.03) and horizontal movements at inner surfaces (d = 0.35, p = 0.02). Plaque levels at the gingival margins did not differ while slightly more plaque persisted at the more coronal aspects of the crown after brushing with BV1 (d = 0.592; p 0.042). Discussion The results of the study indicate that the brushing handle does not play a major role in brushing behavior or brushing effectiveness.
Location based Probabilistic Load Forecasting of EV Charging Sites: Deep Transfer Learning with Multi-Quantile Temporal Convolutional Network.Ali, Mohammad Wazed; Mustafa, Mohammed Asif bin; Shuvo, Md. Aukerul Moin; Sick, Bernhard. In arXiv e-prints, bl arXiv:2409.11862. 2024.
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Electrification of vehicles is a potential way of reducing fossil fuel usage and thus lessening environmental pollution. Electric Vehicles (EVs) of various types for different transport modes (including air, water, and land) are evolving. Moreover, different EV user groups (commuters, commercial or domestic users, drivers) may use different charging infrastructures (public, private, home, and workplace) at various times. Therefore, usage patterns and energy demand are very stochastic. Characterizing and forecasting the charging demand of these diverse EV usage profiles is essential in preventing power outages. Previously developed data-driven load models are limited to specific use cases and locations. None of these models are simultaneously adaptive enough to transfer knowledge of day-ahead forecasting among EV charging sites of diverse locations, trained with limited data, and cost-effective. This article presents a location-based load forecasting of EV charging sites using a deep Multi-Quantile Temporal Convolutional Network (MQ-TCN) to overcome the limitations of earlier models. We conducted our experiments on data from four charging sites, namely Caltech, JPL, Office-1, and NREL, which have diverse EV user types like students, full-time and part-time employees, random visitors, etc. With a Prediction Interval Coverage Probability (PICP) score of 93.62%, our proposed deep MQ-TCN model exhibited a remarkable 28.93% improvement over the XGBoost model for a day-ahead load forecasting at the JPL charging site. By transferring knowledge with the inductive Transfer Learning (TL) approach, the MQ-TCN model achieved a 96.88% PICP score for the load forecasting task at the NREL site using only two weeks of data.
@article{ali2024location, abstract = {Electrification of vehicles is a potential way of reducing fossil fuel usage and thus lessening environmental pollution. Electric Vehicles (EVs) of various types for different transport modes (including air, water, and land) are evolving. Moreover, different EV user groups (commuters, commercial or domestic users, drivers) may use different charging infrastructures (public, private, home, and workplace) at various times. Therefore, usage patterns and energy demand are very stochastic. Characterizing and forecasting the charging demand of these diverse EV usage profiles is essential in preventing power outages. Previously developed data-driven load models are limited to specific use cases and locations. None of these models are simultaneously adaptive enough to transfer knowledge of day-ahead forecasting among EV charging sites of diverse locations, trained with limited data, and cost-effective. This article presents a location-based load forecasting of EV charging sites using a deep Multi-Quantile Temporal Convolutional Network (MQ-TCN) to overcome the limitations of earlier models. We conducted our experiments on data from four charging sites, namely Caltech, JPL, Office-1, and NREL, which have diverse EV user types like students, full-time and part-time employees, random visitors, etc. With a Prediction Interval Coverage Probability (PICP) score of 93.62%, our proposed deep MQ-TCN model exhibited a remarkable 28.93% improvement over the XGBoost model for a day-ahead load forecasting at the JPL charging site. By transferring knowledge with the inductive Transfer Learning (TL) approach, the MQ-TCN model achieved a 96.88% PICP score for the load forecasting task at the NREL site using only two weeks of data.}, author = {Ali, Mohammad Wazed and Mustafa, Mohammed Asif bin and Shuvo, Md. Aukerul Moin and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {arXiv e-prints}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {arXiv:2409.11862}, title = {Location based Probabilistic Load Forecasting of EV Charging Sites: Deep Transfer Learning with Multi-Quantile Temporal Convolutional Network.}, year = 2024 }
%0 Journal Article %1 ali2024location %A Ali, Mohammad Wazed %A Mustafa, Mohammed Asif bin %A Shuvo, Md. Aukerul Moin %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2024 %J arXiv e-prints %P arXiv:2409.11862 %T Location based Probabilistic Load Forecasting of EV Charging Sites: Deep Transfer Learning with Multi-Quantile Temporal Convolutional Network. %U https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.11862 %X Electrification of vehicles is a potential way of reducing fossil fuel usage and thus lessening environmental pollution. Electric Vehicles (EVs) of various types for different transport modes (including air, water, and land) are evolving. Moreover, different EV user groups (commuters, commercial or domestic users, drivers) may use different charging infrastructures (public, private, home, and workplace) at various times. Therefore, usage patterns and energy demand are very stochastic. Characterizing and forecasting the charging demand of these diverse EV usage profiles is essential in preventing power outages. Previously developed data-driven load models are limited to specific use cases and locations. None of these models are simultaneously adaptive enough to transfer knowledge of day-ahead forecasting among EV charging sites of diverse locations, trained with limited data, and cost-effective. This article presents a location-based load forecasting of EV charging sites using a deep Multi-Quantile Temporal Convolutional Network (MQ-TCN) to overcome the limitations of earlier models. We conducted our experiments on data from four charging sites, namely Caltech, JPL, Office-1, and NREL, which have diverse EV user types like students, full-time and part-time employees, random visitors, etc. With a Prediction Interval Coverage Probability (PICP) score of 93.62%, our proposed deep MQ-TCN model exhibited a remarkable 28.93% improvement over the XGBoost model for a day-ahead load forecasting at the JPL charging site. By transferring knowledge with the inductive Transfer Learning (TL) approach, the MQ-TCN model achieved a 96.88% PICP score for the load forecasting task at the NREL site using only two weeks of data.
LiST: An All-Linear-Layer Spatial-Temporal Feature Extractor with Uncertainty Estimation for RUL Prediction.Huang, Zhixin; Gruhl, Christian; Sick, Bernhard. In IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), bll 1–7. IEEE, 2024.
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In the context of Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction for industrial systems, the pursuit of prediction accuracy must be balanced against the hardware costs of model operation and the reliability of prediction results. To resolve these challenges, we introduce LiST, an all-linear-layer spatial-temporal feature extractor integrated with uncertainty estimation, specifically designed for processing sensor multivariate time series (MTS) data. Unlike traditional linear models that flatten MTS and thus neglect their spatial-temporal dependencies, LiST's linear layers act on both the sensor and time dimensions of MTS that can extract spatial and temporal features like GNN and RNN models. Through performance comparisons on four RUL prediction datasets, LiST uses only 66.1% of the parameters, achieves comparable accuracy to state-of-the-art GNN and RNN models, obtains the best results on two datasets with up to a 21.6% improvement in Score, and enhances training efficiency by 3.2 times. Additionally, LiST can predict RUL with uncertainty estimation and precisely disentangle epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties, thus enhancing the model's practicality and reliability in real-world industrial applications.
@inproceedings{huang2024list, abstract = {In the context of Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction for industrial systems, the pursuit of prediction accuracy must be balanced against the hardware costs of model operation and the reliability of prediction results. To resolve these challenges, we introduce LiST, an all-linear-layer spatial-temporal feature extractor integrated with uncertainty estimation, specifically designed for processing sensor multivariate time series (MTS) data. Unlike traditional linear models that flatten MTS and thus neglect their spatial-temporal dependencies, LiST's linear layers act on both the sensor and time dimensions of MTS that can extract spatial and temporal features like GNN and RNN models. Through performance comparisons on four RUL prediction datasets, LiST uses only 66.1% of the parameters, achieves comparable accuracy to state-of-the-art GNN and RNN models, obtains the best results on two datasets with up to a 21.6% improvement in Score, and enhances training efficiency by 3.2 times. Additionally, LiST can predict RUL with uncertainty estimation and precisely disentangle epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties, thus enhancing the model's practicality and reliability in real-world industrial applications.}, author = {Huang, Zhixin and Gruhl, Christian and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {1–7}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {LiST: An All-Linear-Layer Spatial-Temporal Feature Extractor with Uncertainty Estimation for RUL Prediction}, year = 2024 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 huang2024list %A Huang, Zhixin %A Gruhl, Christian %A Sick, Bernhard %B IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA) %D 2024 %I IEEE %P 1--7 %R 10.1109/ICIEA61579.2024.10665236 %T LiST: An All-Linear-Layer Spatial-Temporal Feature Extractor with Uncertainty Estimation for RUL Prediction %X In the context of Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction for industrial systems, the pursuit of prediction accuracy must be balanced against the hardware costs of model operation and the reliability of prediction results. To resolve these challenges, we introduce LiST, an all-linear-layer spatial-temporal feature extractor integrated with uncertainty estimation, specifically designed for processing sensor multivariate time series (MTS) data. Unlike traditional linear models that flatten MTS and thus neglect their spatial-temporal dependencies, LiST's linear layers act on both the sensor and time dimensions of MTS that can extract spatial and temporal features like GNN and RNN models. Through performance comparisons on four RUL prediction datasets, LiST uses only 66.1% of the parameters, achieves comparable accuracy to state-of-the-art GNN and RNN models, obtains the best results on two datasets with up to a 21.6% improvement in Score, and enhances training efficiency by 3.2 times. Additionally, LiST can predict RUL with uncertainty estimation and precisely disentangle epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties, thus enhancing the model's practicality and reliability in real-world industrial applications.
Tutorial: Interactive Adaptive Learning.Herde, Marek; Pham, Minh Tuan; Tharwat, Alaa; Sick, Bernhard. In Workshop on Interactive Adapative Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD, bll 1–6. 2024.
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We summarize the contents of the tutorial we present as a part of the 8th Interactive Adaptive Learning workshop. This workshop is co-located with the ECML-PKDD conference, where it takes place on September 9th, 2024 in Vilnius, Lithuania.
@inproceedings{herde2024tutorial, abstract = {We summarize the contents of the tutorial we present as a part of the 8th Interactive Adaptive Learning workshop. This workshop is co-located with the ECML-PKDD conference, where it takes place on September 9th, 2024 in Vilnius, Lithuania.}, author = {Herde, Marek and Pham, Minh Tuan and Tharwat, Alaa and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Workshop on Interactive Adapative Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {1–6}, title = {Tutorial: Interactive Adaptive Learning}, year = 2024 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 herde2024tutorial %A Herde, Marek %A Pham, Minh Tuan %A Tharwat, Alaa %A Sick, Bernhard %B Workshop on Interactive Adapative Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD %D 2024 %P 1--6 %T Tutorial: Interactive Adaptive Learning %U https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3770/paper1.pdf %X We summarize the contents of the tutorial we present as a part of the 8th Interactive Adaptive Learning workshop. This workshop is co-located with the ECML-PKDD conference, where it takes place on September 9th, 2024 in Vilnius, Lithuania.
From Structured to Unstructured: A Comparative Analysis of Computer Vision and Graph Models in solving Mesh-based PDEs.Decke, Jens; Wünsch, Olaf; Sick, Bernhard; Gruhl, Christian. In International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS), bll 82–96. Springer, 2024.
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This article investigates the application of computer vision and graph-based models in solving mesh-based partial differential equations within high-performance computing environments. Focusing on structured, graded structured, and unstructured meshes, the study compares the performance and computational efficiency of three computer vision-based models against three graph-based models across three datasets. The research aims to identify the most suitable models for different mesh topographies, particularly highlighting the exploration of graded meshes, a less studied area. Results demonstrate that computer vision-based models, notably U-Net, outperform the graph models in prediction performance and efficiency in two (structured and graded) out of three mesh topographies. The study also reveals the unexpected effectiveness of computer vision-based models in handling unstructured meshes, suggesting a potential shift in methodological approaches for data-driven partial differential equation learning. The article underscores deep learning as a viable and potentially sustainable way to enhance traditional high-performance computing methods, advocating for informed model selection based on the topography of the mesh.
@inproceedings{decke2024structured, abstract = {This article investigates the application of computer vision and graph-based models in solving mesh-based partial differential equations within high-performance computing environments. Focusing on structured, graded structured, and unstructured meshes, the study compares the performance and computational efficiency of three computer vision-based models against three graph-based models across three datasets. The research aims to identify the most suitable models for different mesh topographies, particularly highlighting the exploration of graded meshes, a less studied area. Results demonstrate that computer vision-based models, notably U-Net, outperform the graph models in prediction performance and efficiency in two (structured and graded) out of three mesh topographies. The study also reveals the unexpected effectiveness of computer vision-based models in handling unstructured meshes, suggesting a potential shift in methodological approaches for data-driven partial differential equation learning. The article underscores deep learning as a viable and potentially sustainable way to enhance traditional high-performance computing methods, advocating for informed model selection based on the topography of the mesh.}, author = {Decke, Jens and Wünsch, Olaf and Sick, Bernhard and Gruhl, Christian}, booktitle = {International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {82–96}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {From Structured to Unstructured: A Comparative Analysis of Computer Vision and Graph Models in solving Mesh-based PDEs}, year = 2024 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 decke2024structured %A Decke, Jens %A Wünsch, Olaf %A Sick, Bernhard %A Gruhl, Christian %B International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS) %D 2024 %I Springer %P 82--96 %R 10.1007/978-3-031-66146-4_6 %T From Structured to Unstructured: A Comparative Analysis of Computer Vision and Graph Models in solving Mesh-based PDEs %X This article investigates the application of computer vision and graph-based models in solving mesh-based partial differential equations within high-performance computing environments. Focusing on structured, graded structured, and unstructured meshes, the study compares the performance and computational efficiency of three computer vision-based models against three graph-based models across three datasets. The research aims to identify the most suitable models for different mesh topographies, particularly highlighting the exploration of graded meshes, a less studied area. Results demonstrate that computer vision-based models, notably U-Net, outperform the graph models in prediction performance and efficiency in two (structured and graded) out of three mesh topographies. The study also reveals the unexpected effectiveness of computer vision-based models in handling unstructured meshes, suggesting a potential shift in methodological approaches for data-driven partial differential equation learning. The article underscores deep learning as a viable and potentially sustainable way to enhance traditional high-performance computing methods, advocating for informed model selection based on the topography of the mesh.
Enhancing Multi-objective Optimisation Through Machine Learning-Supported Multiphysics Simulation.Botache, Diego; Decke, Jens; Ripken, Winfried; Dornipati, Abhinay; Götz-Hahn, Franz; Ayeb, Mohamed; Sick, Bernhard. In European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECMLPKDD), bll 297–312. Springer, 2024.
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This paper presents a methodological framework for training, self-optimising, and self-organising surrogate models to approximate and speed up multiobjective optimisation of technical systems based on multiphysics simulations. At the hand of two real-world datasets, we illustrate that surrogate models can be trained on relatively small amounts of data to approximate the underlying simulations accurately. Including explainable AI techniques allow for highlighting feature relevancy or dependencies and supporting the possible extension of the used datasets. One of the datasets was created for this paper and is made publicly available for the broader scientific community. Extensive experiments combine four machine learning and deep learning algorithms with an evolutionary optimisation algorithm. The performance of the combined training and optimisation pipeline is evaluated by verifying the generated Pareto-optimal results using the ground truth simulations. The results from our pipeline and a comprehensive evaluation strategy show the potential for efficiently acquiring solution candidates in multiobjective optimisation tasks by reducing the number of simulations and conserving a higher prediction accuracy, i.e., with a MAPE score under 5% for one of the presented use cases.
@inproceedings{botache2024enhancinga, abstract = {This paper presents a methodological framework for training, self-optimising, and self-organising surrogate models to approximate and speed up multiobjective optimisation of technical systems based on multiphysics simulations. At the hand of two real-world datasets, we illustrate that surrogate models can be trained on relatively small amounts of data to approximate the underlying simulations accurately. Including explainable AI techniques allow for highlighting feature relevancy or dependencies and supporting the possible extension of the used datasets. One of the datasets was created for this paper and is made publicly available for the broader scientific community. Extensive experiments combine four machine learning and deep learning algorithms with an evolutionary optimisation algorithm. The performance of the combined training and optimisation pipeline is evaluated by verifying the generated Pareto-optimal results using the ground truth simulations. The results from our pipeline and a comprehensive evaluation strategy show the potential for efficiently acquiring solution candidates in multiobjective optimisation tasks by reducing the number of simulations and conserving a higher prediction accuracy, i.e., with a MAPE score under 5% for one of the presented use cases.}, author = {Botache, Diego and Decke, Jens and Ripken, Winfried and Dornipati, Abhinay and Götz-Hahn, Franz and Ayeb, Mohamed and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECMLPKDD)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {297–312}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Enhancing Multi-objective Optimisation Through Machine Learning-Supported Multiphysics Simulation}, year = 2024 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 botache2024enhancinga %A Botache, Diego %A Decke, Jens %A Ripken, Winfried %A Dornipati, Abhinay %A Götz-Hahn, Franz %A Ayeb, Mohamed %A Sick, Bernhard %B European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECMLPKDD) %D 2024 %I Springer %P 297--312 %R 10.1007/978-3-031-70381-2_19 %T Enhancing Multi-objective Optimisation Through Machine Learning-Supported Multiphysics Simulation %X This paper presents a methodological framework for training, self-optimising, and self-organising surrogate models to approximate and speed up multiobjective optimisation of technical systems based on multiphysics simulations. At the hand of two real-world datasets, we illustrate that surrogate models can be trained on relatively small amounts of data to approximate the underlying simulations accurately. Including explainable AI techniques allow for highlighting feature relevancy or dependencies and supporting the possible extension of the used datasets. One of the datasets was created for this paper and is made publicly available for the broader scientific community. Extensive experiments combine four machine learning and deep learning algorithms with an evolutionary optimisation algorithm. The performance of the combined training and optimisation pipeline is evaluated by verifying the generated Pareto-optimal results using the ground truth simulations. The results from our pipeline and a comprehensive evaluation strategy show the potential for efficiently acquiring solution candidates in multiobjective optimisation tasks by reducing the number of simulations and conserving a higher prediction accuracy, i.e., with a MAPE score under 5% for one of the presented use cases.
Multi-Task Representation Learning with Temporal Attention for Zero-Shot Time Series Anomaly Detection.Nivarthi, Chandana Priya; Huang, Zhixin; Gruhl, Christian; Sick, Bernhard. In International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), bll 1–10. IEEE, 2024.
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Ensuring the reliability of critical industrial systems across various sectors is crucial. It is essential to detect deviations from regular behaviour to mitigate disruptions and preserve infrastructure integrity. However, accurately labelling anomaly datasets is challenging due to their rarity and manual annotation subjectivity. The conventional approach of training separate models for each dataset entity further complicates model development. This paper presents a novel Multi-task Learning framework combining LSTM Autoencoder with temporal attention mechanism (MTL-LATAM) for effective time series anomaly detection. Multitask learning models improve adaptability and generalizability, leading to reduced runtime and compute power while supporting zero-shot evaluation. These models offer flexibility in detecting emerging anomalies. Additionally, we introduce a dynamic thresholding mechanism to incorporate temporal context for anomaly detection and provide visualizations of attention weights to enhance interpretability. The study compares MTL- LATAM, with other multi-task models, evaluates multi-task versus single-task models and assesses the performance of the proposed frame- work in zero-shot learning scenarios. The findings indicate MTL- LATAM’s effectiveness across real-world and open-source datasets, achieving 95% and 97% task synergy. The results underscore the superior performance of multi-task models in zero-shot tasks compared to individual models trained exclusively on their respective datasets.
@inproceedings{nivarthi2024multi, abstract = {Ensuring the reliability of critical industrial systems across various sectors is crucial. It is essential to detect deviations from regular behaviour to mitigate disruptions and preserve infrastructure integrity. However, accurately labelling anomaly datasets is challenging due to their rarity and manual annotation subjectivity. The conventional approach of training separate models for each dataset entity further complicates model development. This paper presents a novel Multi-task Learning framework combining LSTM Autoencoder with temporal attention mechanism (MTL-LATAM) for effective time series anomaly detection. Multitask learning models improve adaptability and generalizability, leading to reduced runtime and compute power while supporting zero-shot evaluation. These models offer flexibility in detecting emerging anomalies. Additionally, we introduce a dynamic thresholding mechanism to incorporate temporal context for anomaly detection and provide visualizations of attention weights to enhance interpretability. The study compares MTL- LATAM, with other multi-task models, evaluates multi-task versus single-task models and assesses the performance of the proposed frame- work in zero-shot learning scenarios. The findings indicate MTL- LATAM’s effectiveness across real-world and open-source datasets, achieving 95% and 97% task synergy. The results underscore the superior performance of multi-task models in zero-shot tasks compared to individual models trained exclusively on their respective datasets.}, author = {Nivarthi, Chandana Priya and Huang, Zhixin and Gruhl, Christian and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {1–10}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Multi-Task Representation Learning with Temporal Attention for Zero-Shot Time Series Anomaly Detection}, year = 2024 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 nivarthi2024multi %A Nivarthi, Chandana Priya %A Huang, Zhixin %A Gruhl, Christian %A Sick, Bernhard %B International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) %D 2024 %I IEEE %P 1--10 %R 10.1109/IJCNN60899.2024.10651344 %T Multi-Task Representation Learning with Temporal Attention for Zero-Shot Time Series Anomaly Detection %X Ensuring the reliability of critical industrial systems across various sectors is crucial. It is essential to detect deviations from regular behaviour to mitigate disruptions and preserve infrastructure integrity. However, accurately labelling anomaly datasets is challenging due to their rarity and manual annotation subjectivity. The conventional approach of training separate models for each dataset entity further complicates model development. This paper presents a novel Multi-task Learning framework combining LSTM Autoencoder with temporal attention mechanism (MTL-LATAM) for effective time series anomaly detection. Multitask learning models improve adaptability and generalizability, leading to reduced runtime and compute power while supporting zero-shot evaluation. These models offer flexibility in detecting emerging anomalies. Additionally, we introduce a dynamic thresholding mechanism to incorporate temporal context for anomaly detection and provide visualizations of attention weights to enhance interpretability. The study compares MTL- LATAM, with other multi-task models, evaluates multi-task versus single-task models and assesses the performance of the proposed frame- work in zero-shot learning scenarios. The findings indicate MTL- LATAM’s effectiveness across real-world and open-source datasets, achieving 95% and 97% task synergy. The results underscore the superior performance of multi-task models in zero-shot tasks compared to individual models trained exclusively on their respective datasets.

2023[ to top ]

Utilizing Continuous Kernels for Processing Irregularly and Inconsistently Sampled Data With Position-Dependent Features.Magnussen, Birk Martin; Stern, Claudius; Sick, Bernhard. In International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (ICAS), bll 49–53. ThinkMind, 2023.
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Continuous Kernels have been a recent development in convolutional neural networks. Such kernels are used to process data sampled at different resolutions as well as irregularly and inconsistently sampled data. Convolutional neural networks have the property of translational invariance (e.g., features are detected regardless of their position in the measurement domain), which is unsuitable for certain types of data, where the position of detected features is relevant. However, the capabilities of continuous kernels to process irregularly sampled data are still desired. This article introduces a novel method utilizing continuous kernels for detecting global features at absolute positions in the data domain. Through a use case in processing multiple spatially resolved reflection spectroscopy data, which is sampled irregularly and inconsistently, we show that the proposed method is capable of processing such data natively without additional preprocessing as is needed using comparable methods. In addition, we show that the proposed method is able to achieve a higher prediction accuracy than a comparable network on a dataset with position-dependent features. Furthermore, a higher robustness to missing data compared to a benchmark network using data interpolation is observed, which allows the network to adapt to sensors with individual failed components without the need for retraining.
@inproceedings{magnussen2023utilizing, abstract = {Continuous Kernels have been a recent development in convolutional neural networks. Such kernels are used to process data sampled at different resolutions as well as irregularly and inconsistently sampled data. Convolutional neural networks have the property of translational invariance (e.g., features are detected regardless of their position in the measurement domain), which is unsuitable for certain types of data, where the position of detected features is relevant. However, the capabilities of continuous kernels to process irregularly sampled data are still desired. This article introduces a novel method utilizing continuous kernels for detecting global features at absolute positions in the data domain. Through a use case in processing multiple spatially resolved reflection spectroscopy data, which is sampled irregularly and inconsistently, we show that the proposed method is capable of processing such data natively without additional preprocessing as is needed using comparable methods. In addition, we show that the proposed method is able to achieve a higher prediction accuracy than a comparable network on a dataset with position-dependent features. Furthermore, a higher robustness to missing data compared to a benchmark network using data interpolation is observed, which allows the network to adapt to sensors with individual failed components without the need for retraining.}, author = {Magnussen, Birk Martin and Stern, Claudius and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (ICAS)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {49–53}, publisher = {ThinkMind}, title = {Utilizing Continuous Kernels for Processing Irregularly and Inconsistently Sampled Data With Position-Dependent Features}, year = 2023 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 magnussen2023utilizing %A Magnussen, Birk Martin %A Stern, Claudius %A Sick, Bernhard %B International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (ICAS) %D 2023 %I ThinkMind %P 49--53 %T Utilizing Continuous Kernels for Processing Irregularly and Inconsistently Sampled Data With Position-Dependent Features %U http://www.thinkmind.org/index.php?view=article&articleid=icas_2023_1_90_20043 %X Continuous Kernels have been a recent development in convolutional neural networks. Such kernels are used to process data sampled at different resolutions as well as irregularly and inconsistently sampled data. Convolutional neural networks have the property of translational invariance (e.g., features are detected regardless of their position in the measurement domain), which is unsuitable for certain types of data, where the position of detected features is relevant. However, the capabilities of continuous kernels to process irregularly sampled data are still desired. This article introduces a novel method utilizing continuous kernels for detecting global features at absolute positions in the data domain. Through a use case in processing multiple spatially resolved reflection spectroscopy data, which is sampled irregularly and inconsistently, we show that the proposed method is capable of processing such data natively without additional preprocessing as is needed using comparable methods. In addition, we show that the proposed method is able to achieve a higher prediction accuracy than a comparable network on a dataset with position-dependent features. Furthermore, a higher robustness to missing data compared to a benchmark network using data interpolation is observed, which allows the network to adapt to sensors with individual failed components without the need for retraining.
Leveraging Repeated Unlabelled Noisy Measurements to Augment Supervised Learning.Magnussen, Birk Martin; Stern, Claudius; Sick, Bernhard. In International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Systems (CIIS), bll 1–6. ACM, 2023.
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Often, producing large labelled datasets for supervised machine learning is difficult and expensive. In cases where the expensive part is due to labelling and obtaining ground truth, it is often comparably easy to acquire large datasets containing unlabelled data points. For reproducible measurements, it is possible to record information on multiple data points being from the same reproducible measurement series, which should thus have an equal but unknown ground truth. In this article, we propose a method to incorporate a dataset of such unlabelled data points for which some data points are known to be equal in end-to-end training of otherwise labelled data. We show that, with the example of predicting the carotenoid concentration in human skin from optical multiple spatially resolved reflection spectroscopy data, the proposed method is capable of reducing the required number of labelled data points to achieve the same prediction accuracy for different model architectures. In addition, we show that the proposed method is capable of reducing the negative impact of noisy data when performing a repeated measurement of the same sample.
@inproceedings{magnussen2023leveraging, abstract = {Often, producing large labelled datasets for supervised machine learning is difficult and expensive. In cases where the expensive part is due to labelling and obtaining ground truth, it is often comparably easy to acquire large datasets containing unlabelled data points. For reproducible measurements, it is possible to record information on multiple data points being from the same reproducible measurement series, which should thus have an equal but unknown ground truth. In this article, we propose a method to incorporate a dataset of such unlabelled data points for which some data points are known to be equal in end-to-end training of otherwise labelled data. We show that, with the example of predicting the carotenoid concentration in human skin from optical multiple spatially resolved reflection spectroscopy data, the proposed method is capable of reducing the required number of labelled data points to achieve the same prediction accuracy for different model architectures. In addition, we show that the proposed method is capable of reducing the negative impact of noisy data when performing a repeated measurement of the same sample.}, author = {Magnussen, Birk Martin and Stern, Claudius and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Systems (CIIS)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {1–6}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Leveraging Repeated Unlabelled Noisy Measurements to Augment Supervised Learning}, year = 2023 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 magnussen2023leveraging %A Magnussen, Birk Martin %A Stern, Claudius %A Sick, Bernhard %B International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Systems (CIIS) %D 2023 %I ACM %P 1--6 %R 10.1145/3638209.3638210 %T Leveraging Repeated Unlabelled Noisy Measurements to Augment Supervised Learning %U https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3638209.3638210 %X Often, producing large labelled datasets for supervised machine learning is difficult and expensive. In cases where the expensive part is due to labelling and obtaining ground truth, it is often comparably easy to acquire large datasets containing unlabelled data points. For reproducible measurements, it is possible to record information on multiple data points being from the same reproducible measurement series, which should thus have an equal but unknown ground truth. In this article, we propose a method to incorporate a dataset of such unlabelled data points for which some data points are known to be equal in end-to-end training of otherwise labelled data. We show that, with the example of predicting the carotenoid concentration in human skin from optical multiple spatially resolved reflection spectroscopy data, the proposed method is capable of reducing the required number of labelled data points to achieve the same prediction accuracy for different model architectures. In addition, we show that the proposed method is capable of reducing the negative impact of noisy data when performing a repeated measurement of the same sample.
Unraveling the Complexity of Splitting Sequential Data: Tackling Challenges in Video and Time Series Analysis.Botache, Diego; Dingel, Kristina; Huhnstock, Rico; Ehresmann, Arno; Sick, Bernhard. In arXiv e-prints, bl arXiv:2307.14294. 2023.
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Splitting of sequential data, such as videos and time series, is an essential step in various data analysis tasks, including object tracking and anomaly detection. However, splitting sequential data presents a variety of challenges that can impact the accuracy and reliability of subsequent analyses. This concept article examines the challenges associated with splitting sequential data, including data acquisition, data representation, split ratio selection, setting up quality criteria, and choosing suitable selection strategies. We explore these challenges through two real-world examples: motor test benches and particle tracking in liquids.
@article{botache2023unraveling, abstract = {Splitting of sequential data, such as videos and time series, is an essential step in various data analysis tasks, including object tracking and anomaly detection. However, splitting sequential data presents a variety of challenges that can impact the accuracy and reliability of subsequent analyses. This concept article examines the challenges associated with splitting sequential data, including data acquisition, data representation, split ratio selection, setting up quality criteria, and choosing suitable selection strategies. We explore these challenges through two real-world examples: motor test benches and particle tracking in liquids.}, author = {Botache, Diego and Dingel, Kristina and Huhnstock, Rico and Ehresmann, Arno and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {arXiv e-prints}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {arXiv:2307.14294}, title = {Unraveling the Complexity of Splitting Sequential Data: Tackling Challenges in Video and Time Series Analysis}, year = 2023 }
%0 Journal Article %1 botache2023unraveling %A Botache, Diego %A Dingel, Kristina %A Huhnstock, Rico %A Ehresmann, Arno %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2023 %J arXiv e-prints %P arXiv:2307.14294 %T Unraveling the Complexity of Splitting Sequential Data: Tackling Challenges in Video and Time Series Analysis %U https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.14294 %X Splitting of sequential data, such as videos and time series, is an essential step in various data analysis tasks, including object tracking and anomaly detection. However, splitting sequential data presents a variety of challenges that can impact the accuracy and reliability of subsequent analyses. This concept article examines the challenges associated with splitting sequential data, including data acquisition, data representation, split ratio selection, setting up quality criteria, and choosing suitable selection strategies. We explore these challenges through two real-world examples: motor test benches and particle tracking in liquids.
Multi-Task Representation Learning for Renewable-Power Forecasting: A Comparative Analysis of Unified Autoencoder Variants and Task-Embedding Dimensions.Nivarthi, Chandana Priya; Vogt, Stephan; Sick, Bernhard. In Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction (MAKE), 5(3), bll 1214–1233. MDPI, 2023.
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Typically, renewable-power-generation forecasting using machine learning involves creating separate models for each photovoltaic or wind park, known as single-task learning models. However, transfer learning has gained popularity in recent years, as it allows for the transfer of knowledge from source parks to target parks. Nevertheless, determining the most similar source park(s) for transfer learning can be challenging, particularly when the target park has limited or no historical data samples. To address this issue, we propose a multi-task learning architecture that employs a Unified Autoencoder (UAE) to initially learn a common representation of input weather features among tasks and then utilizes a Task-Embedding layer in a Neural Network (TENN) to learn task-specific information. This proposed UAE-TENN architecture can be easily extended to new parks with or without historical data. We evaluate the performance of our proposed architecture and compare it to single-task learning models on six photovoltaic and wind farm datasets consisting of a total of 529 parks. Our results show that the UAE-TENN architecture significantly improves power-forecasting performance by 10 to 19% for photovoltaic parks and 5 to 15% for wind parks compared to baseline models. We also demonstrate that UAE-TENN improves forecast accuracy for a new park by 19% for photovoltaic parks, even in a zero-shot learning scenario where there is no historical data. Additionally, we propose variants of the Unified Autoencoder with convolutional and LSTM layers, compare their performance, and provide a comparison among architectures with different numbers of task-embedding dimensions. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of trained task embeddings for interpretation and visualization purposes.
@article{nivarthi2023multi, abstract = {Typically, renewable-power-generation forecasting using machine learning involves creating separate models for each photovoltaic or wind park, known as single-task learning models. However, transfer learning has gained popularity in recent years, as it allows for the transfer of knowledge from source parks to target parks. Nevertheless, determining the most similar source park(s) for transfer learning can be challenging, particularly when the target park has limited or no historical data samples. To address this issue, we propose a multi-task learning architecture that employs a Unified Autoencoder (UAE) to initially learn a common representation of input weather features among tasks and then utilizes a Task-Embedding layer in a Neural Network (TENN) to learn task-specific information. This proposed UAE-TENN architecture can be easily extended to new parks with or without historical data. We evaluate the performance of our proposed architecture and compare it to single-task learning models on six photovoltaic and wind farm datasets consisting of a total of 529 parks. Our results show that the UAE-TENN architecture significantly improves power-forecasting performance by 10 to 19% for photovoltaic parks and 5 to 15% for wind parks compared to baseline models. We also demonstrate that UAE-TENN improves forecast accuracy for a new park by 19% for photovoltaic parks, even in a zero-shot learning scenario where there is no historical data. Additionally, we propose variants of the Unified Autoencoder with convolutional and LSTM layers, compare their performance, and provide a comparison among architectures with different numbers of task-embedding dimensions. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of trained task embeddings for interpretation and visualization purposes.}, author = {Nivarthi, Chandana Priya and Vogt, Stephan and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction (MAKE)}, keywords = {itegpub}, number = 3, pages = {1214–1233}, publisher = {MDPI}, title = {Multi-Task Representation Learning for Renewable-Power Forecasting: A Comparative Analysis of Unified Autoencoder Variants and Task-Embedding Dimensions}, volume = 5, year = 2023 }
%0 Journal Article %1 nivarthi2023multi %A Nivarthi, Chandana Priya %A Vogt, Stephan %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2023 %I MDPI %J Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction (MAKE) %N 3 %P 1214--1233 %R 10.3390/make5030062 %T Multi-Task Representation Learning for Renewable-Power Forecasting: A Comparative Analysis of Unified Autoencoder Variants and Task-Embedding Dimensions %U https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4990/5/3/62 %V 5 %X Typically, renewable-power-generation forecasting using machine learning involves creating separate models for each photovoltaic or wind park, known as single-task learning models. However, transfer learning has gained popularity in recent years, as it allows for the transfer of knowledge from source parks to target parks. Nevertheless, determining the most similar source park(s) for transfer learning can be challenging, particularly when the target park has limited or no historical data samples. To address this issue, we propose a multi-task learning architecture that employs a Unified Autoencoder (UAE) to initially learn a common representation of input weather features among tasks and then utilizes a Task-Embedding layer in a Neural Network (TENN) to learn task-specific information. This proposed UAE-TENN architecture can be easily extended to new parks with or without historical data. We evaluate the performance of our proposed architecture and compare it to single-task learning models on six photovoltaic and wind farm datasets consisting of a total of 529 parks. Our results show that the UAE-TENN architecture significantly improves power-forecasting performance by 10 to 19% for photovoltaic parks and 5 to 15% for wind parks compared to baseline models. We also demonstrate that UAE-TENN improves forecast accuracy for a new park by 19% for photovoltaic parks, even in a zero-shot learning scenario where there is no historical data. Additionally, we propose variants of the Unified Autoencoder with convolutional and LSTM layers, compare their performance, and provide a comparison among architectures with different numbers of task-embedding dimensions. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of trained task embeddings for interpretation and visualization purposes.
Sensor Equivariance by LiDAR Projection Images.Reichert, Hannes; Hetzel, Manuel; Schreck, Steven; Doll, Konrad; Sick, Bernhard. In IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), bll 1–6. IEEE, 2023.
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In this work, we propose an extension of conventional image data by an additional channel in which the associated projection properties are encoded. This addresses the issue of sensor-dependent object representation in projection-based sensors, such as LiDAR, which can lead to distorted physical and geometric properties due to variations in sensor resolution and field of view. To that end, we propose an architecture for processing this data in an instance segmentation framework. We focus specifically on LiDAR as a key sensor modality for machine vision tasks and highly automated driving (HAD). Through an experimental setup in a controlled synthetic environment, we identify a bias on sensor resolution and field of view and demonstrate that our proposed method can reduce said bias for the task of LiDAR instance segmentation. Furthermore, we define our method such that it can be applied to other projection-based sensors, such as cameras. To promote transparency, we make our code and dataset publicly available. This method shows the potential to improve performance and robustness in various machine vision tasks that utilize projection-based sensors.
@inproceedings{reichert2023sensor, abstract = {In this work, we propose an extension of conventional image data by an additional channel in which the associated projection properties are encoded. This addresses the issue of sensor-dependent object representation in projection-based sensors, such as LiDAR, which can lead to distorted physical and geometric properties due to variations in sensor resolution and field of view. To that end, we propose an architecture for processing this data in an instance segmentation framework. We focus specifically on LiDAR as a key sensor modality for machine vision tasks and highly automated driving (HAD). Through an experimental setup in a controlled synthetic environment, we identify a bias on sensor resolution and field of view and demonstrate that our proposed method can reduce said bias for the task of LiDAR instance segmentation. Furthermore, we define our method such that it can be applied to other projection-based sensors, such as cameras. To promote transparency, we make our code and dataset publicly available. This method shows the potential to improve performance and robustness in various machine vision tasks that utilize projection-based sensors.}, author = {Reichert, Hannes and Hetzel, Manuel and Schreck, Steven and Doll, Konrad and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {1–6}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Sensor Equivariance by {LiDAR} Projection Images}, year = 2023 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 reichert2023sensor %A Reichert, Hannes %A Hetzel, Manuel %A Schreck, Steven %A Doll, Konrad %A Sick, Bernhard %B IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV) %D 2023 %I IEEE %P 1--6 %R 10.1109/IV55152.2023.10186817 %T Sensor Equivariance by LiDAR Projection Images %X In this work, we propose an extension of conventional image data by an additional channel in which the associated projection properties are encoded. This addresses the issue of sensor-dependent object representation in projection-based sensors, such as LiDAR, which can lead to distorted physical and geometric properties due to variations in sensor resolution and field of view. To that end, we propose an architecture for processing this data in an instance segmentation framework. We focus specifically on LiDAR as a key sensor modality for machine vision tasks and highly automated driving (HAD). Through an experimental setup in a controlled synthetic environment, we identify a bias on sensor resolution and field of view and demonstrate that our proposed method can reduce said bias for the task of LiDAR instance segmentation. Furthermore, we define our method such that it can be applied to other projection-based sensors, such as cameras. To promote transparency, we make our code and dataset publicly available. This method shows the potential to improve performance and robustness in various machine vision tasks that utilize projection-based sensors.
Exploring the Potential of Optimal Active Learning via a Non-myopic Oracle Policy.Sandrock, Christoph; Herde, Marek; Kottke, Daniel; Sick, Bernhard. In Discovery Science (DS), bll 265–276. Springer, 2023.
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Active learning aims to reduce the amount of labeled data while maximizing machine learning models’ performances. Currently, there is sparse research on the potential of an optimal active learning strategy. Therefore, we propose a non-myopic oracle policy that accesses the true labels of the data pool to approximate an optimal active learning strategy. We evaluate how the hyperparameters of this oracle policy influence its performance and empirically demonstrate that it is an upper baseline for common active learning strategies while being faster than a state-of-the-art oracle policy. For the sake of reproducibility, all the code related to our research is publicly available on our GitHub repository at https://github.com/ies-research/non-myopic-oracle-policy.
@inproceedings{sandrock2023exploring, abstract = {Active learning aims to reduce the amount of labeled data while maximizing machine learning models’ performances. Currently, there is sparse research on the potential of an optimal active learning strategy. Therefore, we propose a non-myopic oracle policy that accesses the true labels of the data pool to approximate an optimal active learning strategy. We evaluate how the hyperparameters of this oracle policy influence its performance and empirically demonstrate that it is an upper baseline for common active learning strategies while being faster than a state-of-the-art oracle policy. For the sake of reproducibility, all the code related to our research is publicly available on our GitHub repository at https://github.com/ies-research/non-myopic-oracle-policy.}, author = {Sandrock, Christoph and Herde, Marek and Kottke, Daniel and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Discovery Science (DS)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {265–276}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Exploring the Potential of Optimal Active Learning via a Non-myopic Oracle Policy}, year = 2023 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 sandrock2023exploring %A Sandrock, Christoph %A Herde, Marek %A Kottke, Daniel %A Sick, Bernhard %B Discovery Science (DS) %D 2023 %I Springer %P 265--276 %R 10.1007/978-3-031-45275-8_18 %T Exploring the Potential of Optimal Active Learning via a Non-myopic Oracle Policy %U https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-45275-8_18 %X Active learning aims to reduce the amount of labeled data while maximizing machine learning models’ performances. Currently, there is sparse research on the potential of an optimal active learning strategy. Therefore, we propose a non-myopic oracle policy that accesses the true labels of the data pool to approximate an optimal active learning strategy. We evaluate how the hyperparameters of this oracle policy influence its performance and empirically demonstrate that it is an upper baseline for common active learning strategies while being faster than a state-of-the-art oracle policy. For the sake of reproducibility, all the code related to our research is publicly available on our GitHub repository at https://github.com/ies-research/non-myopic-oracle-policy.
Self-Integration and Agent Compatibility.Gruhl, Christian; Sick, Bernhard. In Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems Companion (ACSOS-C), bll 71–73. IEEE, 2023.
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This position paper addresses the issue of agent compatibility in the context of self-aware microsystems (SAMs), which are SISSY systems with self-awareness capabilities. SAMs are designed to adapt their behaviour and collaborate with other agents in multi-agent settings. Achieving compatibility and effective collaboration between agents pose significant challenges, such as detecting incompatibility and discerning it from malicious behaviour. We present our concept of agent compatibility, highlight future challenges, and propose directions for future research in this area. By focusing on agent compatibility, we aim to advance the understanding of SAMs and promote successful collaboration among agents.
@inproceedings{gruhl2023self, abstract = {This position paper addresses the issue of agent compatibility in the context of self-aware microsystems (SAMs), which are SISSY systems with self-awareness capabilities. SAMs are designed to adapt their behaviour and collaborate with other agents in multi-agent settings. Achieving compatibility and effective collaboration between agents pose significant challenges, such as detecting incompatibility and discerning it from malicious behaviour. We present our concept of agent compatibility, highlight future challenges, and propose directions for future research in this area. By focusing on agent compatibility, we aim to advance the understanding of SAMs and promote successful collaboration among agents.}, author = {Gruhl, Christian and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems Companion (ACSOS-C)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {71–73}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Self-Integration and Agent Compatibility}, year = 2023 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 gruhl2023self %A Gruhl, Christian %A Sick, Bernhard %B Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems Companion (ACSOS-C) %D 2023 %I IEEE %P 71--73 %R 10.1109/ACSOS-C58168.2023.00039 %T Self-Integration and Agent Compatibility %U https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10336212 %X This position paper addresses the issue of agent compatibility in the context of self-aware microsystems (SAMs), which are SISSY systems with self-awareness capabilities. SAMs are designed to adapt their behaviour and collaborate with other agents in multi-agent settings. Achieving compatibility and effective collaboration between agents pose significant challenges, such as detecting incompatibility and discerning it from malicious behaviour. We present our concept of agent compatibility, highlight future challenges, and propose directions for future research in this area. By focusing on agent compatibility, we aim to advance the understanding of SAMs and promote successful collaboration among agents.
Towards Few-Shot Time Series Anomaly Detection with Temporal Attention and Dynamic Thresholding.Nivarthi, Chandana Priya; Sick, Bernhard. In International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA), bll 1444–1450. IEEE, 2023.
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Anomaly detection plays a pivotal role in diverse realworld applications such as cybersecurity, fault detection, network monitoring, predictive maintenance, and highly automated driving. However, obtaining labeled anomalous data can be a formidable challenge, especially when anomalies exhibit temporal evolution. This paper introduces LATAM (Long short-term memory Autoencoder with Temporal Attention Mechanism) for few-shot anomaly detection, with the aim of enhancing detection performance in scenarios with limited labeled anomaly data. LATAM effectively captures temporal dependencies and emphasizes significant patterns in multivariate time series data. In our investigation, we comprehensively evaluate LATAM against other anomaly detection models, particularly assessing its capability in few-shot learning scenarios where we have minimal examples from the normal class and none from the anomalous class in the training data. Our experimental results, derived from real-world photovoltaic inverter data, highlight LATAM’s superiority, showcasing a substantial 27% mean F1 score improvement, even when trained on a mere two-week dataset. Furthermore, LATAM demonstrates remarkable results on the open-source SWaT dataset, achieving a 12% boost in accuracy with only two days of training data. Moreover, we introduce a simple yet effective dynamic thresholding mechanism, further enhancing the anomaly detection capabilities of LATAM. This underscores LATAM’s efficacy in addressing the challenges posed by limited labeled anomalies in practical scenarios and it proves valuable for downstream tasks involving temporal representation and time series prediction, extending its utility beyond anomaly detection applications.
@inproceedings{nivarthi2023towards, abstract = {Anomaly detection plays a pivotal role in diverse realworld applications such as cybersecurity, fault detection, network monitoring, predictive maintenance, and highly automated driving. However, obtaining labeled anomalous data can be a formidable challenge, especially when anomalies exhibit temporal evolution. This paper introduces LATAM (Long short-term memory Autoencoder with Temporal Attention Mechanism) for few-shot anomaly detection, with the aim of enhancing detection performance in scenarios with limited labeled anomaly data. LATAM effectively captures temporal dependencies and emphasizes significant patterns in multivariate time series data. In our investigation, we comprehensively evaluate LATAM against other anomaly detection models, particularly assessing its capability in few-shot learning scenarios where we have minimal examples from the normal class and none from the anomalous class in the training data. Our experimental results, derived from real-world photovoltaic inverter data, highlight LATAM’s superiority, showcasing a substantial 27% mean F1 score improvement, even when trained on a mere two-week dataset. Furthermore, LATAM demonstrates remarkable results on the open-source SWaT dataset, achieving a 12% boost in accuracy with only two days of training data. Moreover, we introduce a simple yet effective dynamic thresholding mechanism, further enhancing the anomaly detection capabilities of LATAM. This underscores LATAM’s efficacy in addressing the challenges posed by limited labeled anomalies in practical scenarios and it proves valuable for downstream tasks involving temporal representation and time series prediction, extending its utility beyond anomaly detection applications.}, author = {Nivarthi, Chandana Priya and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {1444–1450}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Towards Few-Shot Time Series Anomaly Detection with Temporal Attention and Dynamic Thresholding}, year = 2023 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 nivarthi2023towards %A Nivarthi, Chandana Priya %A Sick, Bernhard %B International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA) %D 2023 %I IEEE %P 1444--1450 %R 10.1109/ICMLA58977.2023.00218 %T Towards Few-Shot Time Series Anomaly Detection with Temporal Attention and Dynamic Thresholding %X Anomaly detection plays a pivotal role in diverse realworld applications such as cybersecurity, fault detection, network monitoring, predictive maintenance, and highly automated driving. However, obtaining labeled anomalous data can be a formidable challenge, especially when anomalies exhibit temporal evolution. This paper introduces LATAM (Long short-term memory Autoencoder with Temporal Attention Mechanism) for few-shot anomaly detection, with the aim of enhancing detection performance in scenarios with limited labeled anomaly data. LATAM effectively captures temporal dependencies and emphasizes significant patterns in multivariate time series data. In our investigation, we comprehensively evaluate LATAM against other anomaly detection models, particularly assessing its capability in few-shot learning scenarios where we have minimal examples from the normal class and none from the anomalous class in the training data. Our experimental results, derived from real-world photovoltaic inverter data, highlight LATAM’s superiority, showcasing a substantial 27% mean F1 score improvement, even when trained on a mere two-week dataset. Furthermore, LATAM demonstrates remarkable results on the open-source SWaT dataset, achieving a 12% boost in accuracy with only two days of training data. Moreover, we introduce a simple yet effective dynamic thresholding mechanism, further enhancing the anomaly detection capabilities of LATAM. This underscores LATAM’s efficacy in addressing the challenges posed by limited labeled anomalies in practical scenarios and it proves valuable for downstream tasks involving temporal representation and time series prediction, extending its utility beyond anomaly detection applications.
Multi-annotator Deep Learning: A Probabilistic Framework for Classification.Herde, Marek; Huseljic, Denis; Sick, Bernhard. In Transactions on Machine Learning Research. 2023.
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Solving complex classification tasks using deep neural networks typically requires large amounts of annotated data. However, corresponding class labels are noisy when provided by error-prone annotators, e.g., crowdworkers. Training standard deep neural networks leads to subpar performances in such multi-annotator supervised learning settings. We address this issue by presenting a probabilistic training framework named multi-annotator deep learning (MaDL). A downstream ground truth and an annotator performance model are jointly trained in an end-to-end learning approach. The ground truth model learns to predict instances' true class labels, while the annotator performance model infers probabilistic estimates of annotators' performances. A modular network architecture enables us to make varying assumptions regarding annotators' performances, e.g., an optional class or instance dependency. Further, we learn annotator embeddings to estimate annotators' densities within a latent space as proxies of their potentially correlated annotations. Together with a weighted loss function, we improve the learning from correlated annotation patterns. In a comprehensive evaluation, we examine three research questions about multi-annotator supervised learning. Our findings show MaDL's state-of-the-art performance and robustness against many correlated, spamming annotators.
@article{herde2023multi, abstract = {Solving complex classification tasks using deep neural networks typically requires large amounts of annotated data. However, corresponding class labels are noisy when provided by error-prone annotators, e.g., crowdworkers. Training standard deep neural networks leads to subpar performances in such multi-annotator supervised learning settings. We address this issue by presenting a probabilistic training framework named multi-annotator deep learning (MaDL). A downstream ground truth and an annotator performance model are jointly trained in an end-to-end learning approach. The ground truth model learns to predict instances' true class labels, while the annotator performance model infers probabilistic estimates of annotators' performances. A modular network architecture enables us to make varying assumptions regarding annotators' performances, e.g., an optional class or instance dependency. Further, we learn annotator embeddings to estimate annotators' densities within a latent space as proxies of their potentially correlated annotations. Together with a weighted loss function, we improve the learning from correlated annotation patterns. In a comprehensive evaluation, we examine three research questions about multi-annotator supervised learning. Our findings show MaDL's state-of-the-art performance and robustness against many correlated, spamming annotators.}, author = {Herde, Marek and Huseljic, Denis and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {Transactions on Machine Learning Research}, keywords = {itegpub}, title = {Multi-annotator Deep Learning: A Probabilistic Framework for Classification}, year = 2023 }
%0 Journal Article %1 herde2023multi %A Herde, Marek %A Huseljic, Denis %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2023 %J Transactions on Machine Learning Research %T Multi-annotator Deep Learning: A Probabilistic Framework for Classification %U https://openreview.net/forum?id=MgdoxzImlK %X Solving complex classification tasks using deep neural networks typically requires large amounts of annotated data. However, corresponding class labels are noisy when provided by error-prone annotators, e.g., crowdworkers. Training standard deep neural networks leads to subpar performances in such multi-annotator supervised learning settings. We address this issue by presenting a probabilistic training framework named multi-annotator deep learning (MaDL). A downstream ground truth and an annotator performance model are jointly trained in an end-to-end learning approach. The ground truth model learns to predict instances' true class labels, while the annotator performance model infers probabilistic estimates of annotators' performances. A modular network architecture enables us to make varying assumptions regarding annotators' performances, e.g., an optional class or instance dependency. Further, we learn annotator embeddings to estimate annotators' densities within a latent space as proxies of their potentially correlated annotations. Together with a weighted loss function, we improve the learning from correlated annotation patterns. In a comprehensive evaluation, we examine three research questions about multi-annotator supervised learning. Our findings show MaDL's state-of-the-art performance and robustness against many correlated, spamming annotators.
Towards Enhancing Deep Active Learning with Weak Supervision and Constrained Clustering.Aßenmacher, Matthias; Rauch, Lukas; Goschenhofer, Jann; Stephan, Andreas; Bischl, Bernd; Roth, Benjamin; Sick, Bernhard. In Workshop on Interactive Adapative Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD, bll 65–73. 2023.
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Three fields revolving around the question of how to cope with limited amounts of labeled data are Deep Active Learning (DAL), deep Constrained Clustering (CC), and Weakly Supervised Learning (WSL). DAL tackles the problem by adaptively posing the question of which data samples to annotate next in order to achieve the best incremental learning improvement, although it suffers from several limitations that hinder its deployment in practical settings. We point out how CC algorithms and WSL could be employed to overcome these limitations and increase the practical applicability of DAL research. Specifically, we discuss the opportunities to use the class discovery capabilities of CC and the possibility of further reducing human annotation efforts by utilizing WSL. We argue that the practical applicability of DAL algorithms will benefit from employing CC and WSL methods for the learning and labeling process. We inspect the overlaps between the three research areas and identify relevant and exciting research questions at the intersection of these areas.
@inproceedings{assenmacher2023towards, abstract = {Three fields revolving around the question of how to cope with limited amounts of labeled data are Deep Active Learning (DAL), deep Constrained Clustering (CC), and Weakly Supervised Learning (WSL). DAL tackles the problem by adaptively posing the question of which data samples to annotate next in order to achieve the best incremental learning improvement, although it suffers from several limitations that hinder its deployment in practical settings. We point out how CC algorithms and WSL could be employed to overcome these limitations and increase the practical applicability of DAL research. Specifically, we discuss the opportunities to use the class discovery capabilities of CC and the possibility of further reducing human annotation efforts by utilizing WSL. We argue that the practical applicability of DAL algorithms will benefit from employing CC and WSL methods for the learning and labeling process. We inspect the overlaps between the three research areas and identify relevant and exciting research questions at the intersection of these areas.}, author = {Aßenmacher, Matthias and Rauch, Lukas and Goschenhofer, Jann and Stephan, Andreas and Bischl, Bernd and Roth, Benjamin and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Workshop on Interactive Adapative Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {65–73}, title = {Towards Enhancing Deep Active Learning with Weak Supervision and Constrained Clustering}, year = 2023 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 assenmacher2023towards %A Aßenmacher, Matthias %A Rauch, Lukas %A Goschenhofer, Jann %A Stephan, Andreas %A Bischl, Bernd %A Roth, Benjamin %A Sick, Bernhard %B Workshop on Interactive Adapative Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD %D 2023 %P 65--73 %T Towards Enhancing Deep Active Learning with Weak Supervision and Constrained Clustering %U https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3470/paper7.pdf %X Three fields revolving around the question of how to cope with limited amounts of labeled data are Deep Active Learning (DAL), deep Constrained Clustering (CC), and Weakly Supervised Learning (WSL). DAL tackles the problem by adaptively posing the question of which data samples to annotate next in order to achieve the best incremental learning improvement, although it suffers from several limitations that hinder its deployment in practical settings. We point out how CC algorithms and WSL could be employed to overcome these limitations and increase the practical applicability of DAL research. Specifically, we discuss the opportunities to use the class discovery capabilities of CC and the possibility of further reducing human annotation efforts by utilizing WSL. We argue that the practical applicability of DAL algorithms will benefit from employing CC and WSL methods for the learning and labeling process. We inspect the overlaps between the three research areas and identify relevant and exciting research questions at the intersection of these areas.
DADO – Low-Cost Query Strategies for Deep Active Design Optimization.Decke, Jens; Gruhl, Christian; Rauch, Lukas; Sick, Bernhard. In International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA), bll 1611–1618. IEEE, 2023.
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In this work, we apply deep active learning to the field of design optimization to reduce the number of computationally expensive numerical simulations widely used in industry and engineering. We are interested in optimizing the design of structural components, where a set of parameters describes the shape. If we can predict the performance based on these parameters and consider only the promising candidates for simulation, there is an enormous potential for saving computing power. We present two query strategies for self-optimization to reduce the computational cost in multi-objective design optimization problems. Our proposed methodology provides an intuitive approach that is easy to apply, offers significant improvements over random sampling, and circumvents the need for uncertainty estimation. We evaluate our strategies on a large dataset from the domain of fluid dynamics and introduce two new evaluation metrics to determine the model's performance. Findings from our evaluation highlights the effectiveness of our query strategies in accelerating design optimization. Furthermore, the introduced method is easily transferable to other self-optimization problems in industry and engineering.
@inproceedings{decke2023dado, abstract = {In this work, we apply deep active learning to the field of design optimization to reduce the number of computationally expensive numerical simulations widely used in industry and engineering. We are interested in optimizing the design of structural components, where a set of parameters describes the shape. If we can predict the performance based on these parameters and consider only the promising candidates for simulation, there is an enormous potential for saving computing power. We present two query strategies for self-optimization to reduce the computational cost in multi-objective design optimization problems. Our proposed methodology provides an intuitive approach that is easy to apply, offers significant improvements over random sampling, and circumvents the need for uncertainty estimation. We evaluate our strategies on a large dataset from the domain of fluid dynamics and introduce two new evaluation metrics to determine the model's performance. Findings from our evaluation highlights the effectiveness of our query strategies in accelerating design optimization. Furthermore, the introduced method is easily transferable to other self-optimization problems in industry and engineering.}, author = {Decke, Jens and Gruhl, Christian and Rauch, Lukas and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {1611–1618}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {DADO – Low-Cost Query Strategies for Deep Active Design Optimization}, year = 2023 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 decke2023dado %A Decke, Jens %A Gruhl, Christian %A Rauch, Lukas %A Sick, Bernhard %B International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA) %D 2023 %I IEEE %P 1611--1618 %R 10.1109/ICMLA58977.2023.00244 %T DADO – Low-Cost Query Strategies for Deep Active Design Optimization %X In this work, we apply deep active learning to the field of design optimization to reduce the number of computationally expensive numerical simulations widely used in industry and engineering. We are interested in optimizing the design of structural components, where a set of parameters describes the shape. If we can predict the performance based on these parameters and consider only the promising candidates for simulation, there is an enormous potential for saving computing power. We present two query strategies for self-optimization to reduce the computational cost in multi-objective design optimization problems. Our proposed methodology provides an intuitive approach that is easy to apply, offers significant improvements over random sampling, and circumvents the need for uncertainty estimation. We evaluate our strategies on a large dataset from the domain of fluid dynamics and introduce two new evaluation metrics to determine the model's performance. Findings from our evaluation highlights the effectiveness of our query strategies in accelerating design optimization. Furthermore, the introduced method is easily transferable to other self-optimization problems in industry and engineering.
Dataset of a parameterized U-bend flow for deep learning application.Decke, Jens; Wünsch, Olaf; Sick, Bernhard. In Data in Brief, 50(1), bl 109477. 2023.
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This dataset contains 10,000 fluid flow and heat transfer simulations in U-bend shapes. Each of them is described by 28 design parameters, which are processed with the help of Computational Fluid Dynamics methods. The dataset provides a comprehensive benchmark for investigating various problems and methods from the field of design optimization. For these investigations supervised, semi-supervised and unsupervised deep learning approaches can be employed. One unique feature of this dataset is that each shape can be represented by three distinct data types including design parameter and objective combinations, five different resolutions of 2D images from the geometry and the solution variables of the numerical simulation, as well as a representation using the cell values of the numerical mesh. This third representation enables considering the specific data structure of numerical simulations for deep learning approaches. The source code and the container used to generate the data are published as part of this work.
@article{decke2023dataset, abstract = {This dataset contains 10,000 fluid flow and heat transfer simulations in U-bend shapes. Each of them is described by 28 design parameters, which are processed with the help of Computational Fluid Dynamics methods. The dataset provides a comprehensive benchmark for investigating various problems and methods from the field of design optimization. For these investigations supervised, semi-supervised and unsupervised deep learning approaches can be employed. One unique feature of this dataset is that each shape can be represented by three distinct data types including design parameter and objective combinations, five different resolutions of 2D images from the geometry and the solution variables of the numerical simulation, as well as a representation using the cell values of the numerical mesh. This third representation enables considering the specific data structure of numerical simulations for deep learning approaches. The source code and the container used to generate the data are published as part of this work.}, author = {Decke, Jens and Wünsch, Olaf and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {Data in Brief}, keywords = {MachineLearning}, number = 1, pages = 109477, title = {Dataset of a parameterized U-bend flow for deep learning application}, volume = 50, year = 2023 }
%0 Journal Article %1 decke2023dataset %A Decke, Jens %A Wünsch, Olaf %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2023 %J Data in Brief %N 1 %P 109477 %R https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.109477 %T Dataset of a parameterized U-bend flow for deep learning application %U https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340923005772 %V 50 %X This dataset contains 10,000 fluid flow and heat transfer simulations in U-bend shapes. Each of them is described by 28 design parameters, which are processed with the help of Computational Fluid Dynamics methods. The dataset provides a comprehensive benchmark for investigating various problems and methods from the field of design optimization. For these investigations supervised, semi-supervised and unsupervised deep learning approaches can be employed. One unique feature of this dataset is that each shape can be represented by three distinct data types including design parameter and objective combinations, five different resolutions of 2D images from the geometry and the solution variables of the numerical simulation, as well as a representation using the cell values of the numerical mesh. This third representation enables considering the specific data structure of numerical simulations for deep learning approaches. The source code and the container used to generate the data are published as part of this work.
Who knows best? A Case Study on Intelligent Crowdworker Selection via Deep Learning.Herde, Marek; Huseljic, Denis; Sick, Bernhard; Bretschneider, Ulrich; Oeste-Reiß, Sarah. In Workshop on Interactive Adapative Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD, bll 14–18. 2023.
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Crowdworking is a popular approach for annotating large amounts of data to train deep neural networks. However, parts of the annotations are often erroneous. In a case study, we demonstrate how an intelligent crowdworker selection via deep learning reduces the number of erroneous annotations and, thus, the annotation costs of obtaining reliable data for training deep neural networks.
@inproceedings{herde2023who, abstract = {Crowdworking is a popular approach for annotating large amounts of data to train deep neural networks. However, parts of the annotations are often erroneous. In a case study, we demonstrate how an intelligent crowdworker selection via deep learning reduces the number of erroneous annotations and, thus, the annotation costs of obtaining reliable data for training deep neural networks.}, author = {Herde, Marek and Huseljic, Denis and Sick, Bernhard and Bretschneider, Ulrich and Oeste-Reiß, Sarah}, booktitle = {Workshop on Interactive Adapative Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {14–18}, title = {Who knows best? A Case Study on Intelligent Crowdworker Selection via Deep Learning}, year = 2023 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 herde2023who %A Herde, Marek %A Huseljic, Denis %A Sick, Bernhard %A Bretschneider, Ulrich %A Oeste-Reiß, Sarah %B Workshop on Interactive Adapative Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD %D 2023 %P 14--18 %T Who knows best? A Case Study on Intelligent Crowdworker Selection via Deep Learning %U https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3470/paper3.pdf %X Crowdworking is a popular approach for annotating large amounts of data to train deep neural networks. However, parts of the annotations are often erroneous. In a case study, we demonstrate how an intelligent crowdworker selection via deep learning reduces the number of erroneous annotations and, thus, the annotation costs of obtaining reliable data for training deep neural networks.
Reconstruction of incomplete X-ray diffraction pole figures of oligocrystalline materials using deep learning.Meier, David; Ragunathan, Rishan; Degener, Sebastian; Liehr, Alexander; Vollmer, Malte; Niendorf, Thomas; Sick, Bernhard. In Scientific Reports, 13(1), bl 5410. Springer Nature, 2023.
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X‑ray diffraction crystallography allows non‑destructive examination of crystal structures. Furthermore, it has low requirements regarding surface preparation, especially compared to electron backscatter diffraction. However, up to now, X‑ray diffraction has been highly time‑ consuming in standard laboratory conditions since intensities on multiple lattice planes have to be recorded by rotating and tilting. Furthermore, examining oligocrystalline materials is challenging due to the limited number of diffraction spots. Moreover, commonly used evaluation methods for crystallographic orientation analysis need multiple lattice planes for a reliable pole figure reconstruction. In this article, we propose a deep‑learning‑based method for oligocrystalline specimens, i.e., specimens with up to three grains of arbitrary crystal orientations. Our approach allows faster experimentation due to accurate reconstructions of pole figure regions, which we did not probe experimentally. In contrast to other methods, the pole figure is reconstructed based on only a single incomplete pole figure. To speed up the development of our proposed method and for usage in other machine learning algorithms, we introduce a GPU‑based simulation for data generation. Furthermore, we present a pole widths standardization technique using a custom deep learning architecture that makes algorithms more robust against influences from the experiment setup and material.
@article{meier2023reconstruction, abstract = {X‑ray diffraction crystallography allows non‑destructive examination of crystal structures. Furthermore, it has low requirements regarding surface preparation, especially compared to electron backscatter diffraction. However, up to now, X‑ray diffraction has been highly time‑ consuming in standard laboratory conditions since intensities on multiple lattice planes have to be recorded by rotating and tilting. Furthermore, examining oligocrystalline materials is challenging due to the limited number of diffraction spots. Moreover, commonly used evaluation methods for crystallographic orientation analysis need multiple lattice planes for a reliable pole figure reconstruction. In this article, we propose a deep‑learning‑based method for oligocrystalline specimens, i.e., specimens with up to three grains of arbitrary crystal orientations. Our approach allows faster experimentation due to accurate reconstructions of pole figure regions, which we did not probe experimentally. In contrast to other methods, the pole figure is reconstructed based on only a single incomplete pole figure. To speed up the development of our proposed method and for usage in other machine learning algorithms, we introduce a GPU‑based simulation for data generation. Furthermore, we present a pole widths standardization technique using a custom deep learning architecture that makes algorithms more robust against influences from the experiment setup and material.}, author = {Meier, David and Ragunathan, Rishan and Degener, Sebastian and Liehr, Alexander and Vollmer, Malte and Niendorf, Thomas and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, keywords = {itegpub}, number = 1, pages = 5410, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {Reconstruction of incomplete {X}-ray diffraction pole figures of oligocrystalline materials using deep learning}, volume = 13, year = 2023 }
%0 Journal Article %1 meier2023reconstruction %A Meier, David %A Ragunathan, Rishan %A Degener, Sebastian %A Liehr, Alexander %A Vollmer, Malte %A Niendorf, Thomas %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2023 %I Springer Nature %J Scientific Reports %N 1 %P 5410 %R 10.1038/s41598-023-31580-1 %T Reconstruction of incomplete X-ray diffraction pole figures of oligocrystalline materials using deep learning %U https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-31580-1 %V 13 %X X‑ray diffraction crystallography allows non‑destructive examination of crystal structures. Furthermore, it has low requirements regarding surface preparation, especially compared to electron backscatter diffraction. However, up to now, X‑ray diffraction has been highly time‑ consuming in standard laboratory conditions since intensities on multiple lattice planes have to be recorded by rotating and tilting. Furthermore, examining oligocrystalline materials is challenging due to the limited number of diffraction spots. Moreover, commonly used evaluation methods for crystallographic orientation analysis need multiple lattice planes for a reliable pole figure reconstruction. In this article, we propose a deep‑learning‑based method for oligocrystalline specimens, i.e., specimens with up to three grains of arbitrary crystal orientations. Our approach allows faster experimentation due to accurate reconstructions of pole figure regions, which we did not probe experimentally. In contrast to other methods, the pole figure is reconstructed based on only a single incomplete pole figure. To speed up the development of our proposed method and for usage in other machine learning algorithms, we introduce a GPU‑based simulation for data generation. Furthermore, we present a pole widths standardization technique using a custom deep learning architecture that makes algorithms more robust against influences from the experiment setup and material.
Sampling-based Uncertainty Estimation for an Instance Segmentation Network.Heidecker, Florian; El-Khateeb, Ahmad; Sick, Bernhard. In arXiv e-prints, bl arXiv:2305.14977. 2023.
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The examination of uncertainty in the predictions of machine learning (ML) models is receiving increasing attention. One uncertainty modeling technique used for this purpose is Monte-Carlo (MC)-Dropout, where repeated predictions are generated for a single input. Therefore, clustering is required to describe the resulting uncertainty, but only through efficient clustering is it possible to describe the uncertainty from the model attached to each object. This article uses Bayesian Gaussian Mixture (BGM) to solve this problem. In addition, we investigate different values for the dropout rate and other techniques, such as focal loss and calibration, which we integrate into the Mask-RCNN model to obtain the most accurate uncertainty approximation of each instance and showcase it graphically.
@article{heidecker2023sampling, abstract = {The examination of uncertainty in the predictions of machine learning (ML) models is receiving increasing attention. One uncertainty modeling technique used for this purpose is Monte-Carlo (MC)-Dropout, where repeated predictions are generated for a single input. Therefore, clustering is required to describe the resulting uncertainty, but only through efficient clustering is it possible to describe the uncertainty from the model attached to each object. This article uses Bayesian Gaussian Mixture (BGM) to solve this problem. In addition, we investigate different values for the dropout rate and other techniques, such as focal loss and calibration, which we integrate into the Mask-RCNN model to obtain the most accurate uncertainty approximation of each instance and showcase it graphically.}, author = {Heidecker, Florian and El-Khateeb, Ahmad and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {arXiv e-prints}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {arXiv:2305.14977}, title = {Sampling-based Uncertainty Estimation for an Instance Segmentation Network}, year = 2023 }
%0 Journal Article %1 heidecker2023sampling %A Heidecker, Florian %A El-Khateeb, Ahmad %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2023 %J arXiv e-prints %P arXiv:2305.14977 %T Sampling-based Uncertainty Estimation for an Instance Segmentation Network %U https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.14977 %X The examination of uncertainty in the predictions of machine learning (ML) models is receiving increasing attention. One uncertainty modeling technique used for this purpose is Monte-Carlo (MC)-Dropout, where repeated predictions are generated for a single input. Therefore, clustering is required to describe the resulting uncertainty, but only through efficient clustering is it possible to describe the uncertainty from the model attached to each object. This article uses Bayesian Gaussian Mixture (BGM) to solve this problem. In addition, we investigate different values for the dropout rate and other techniques, such as focal loss and calibration, which we integrate into the Mask-RCNN model to obtain the most accurate uncertainty approximation of each instance and showcase it graphically.
It is the habit not the handle that affects tooth brushing. Results of a randomised counterbalanced cross over study.Deinzer, Renate; Eidenhardt, Zdenka; Sohrabi, Keywan; Stenger, Manuel; Kraft, Dominik; Sick, Bernhard; Götz-Hahn, Franz; Bottenbruch, Carlotta; Berneburg, Nils; Weik, Ulrike. In Research Square. 2023.
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Objective: To assess the effect of the toothbrush handle on video-observed toothbrushing behaviour and toothbrushing effectiveness Methods: This is a randomized counterbalanced cross-over study. N = 50 university students brushed their teeth at two occasions, one week apart, using either a commercial ergonomically designed manual toothbrush (MT) or Brushalyze V1 (BV1), a manual toothbrush with a thick cylindrical handle without any specific ergonomic features. Brushing behaviour was video-analysed. Plaque was assessed at the second occasion immediately after brushing. Participants directly compared the two brushes regarding their handling and compared them to the brushed they used at home. Results: The study participants found the BV1 significantly more cumbersome than the M1 or their brush at home. (p < 0.05). However, correlation analyses revealed a strong consistency of brushing behavior with the two brushes (0.71 < r < 0.91). Means differed only slightly (all d < 0.36). These differences became statistically significant only for the brushing time at inner surfaces (d = 0.31 p = 0.03) and horizontal movements at inner surfaces (d = 0.35, p = 0.02). Plaque levels at the gingival margins did not differ while slightly more plaque persisted at the more coronal aspects of the crown after brushing with BV1 (d = 0.592; p 0.042) Discussion: The results of the study indicate that the brushing handle does not play a major role in brushing behavior or brushing effectiveness.
@article{deinzer2023it, abstract = {Objective: To assess the effect of the toothbrush handle on video-observed toothbrushing behaviour and toothbrushing effectiveness Methods: This is a randomized counterbalanced cross-over study. N = 50 university students brushed their teeth at two occasions, one week apart, using either a commercial ergonomically designed manual toothbrush (MT) or Brushalyze V1 (BV1), a manual toothbrush with a thick cylindrical handle without any specific ergonomic features. Brushing behaviour was video-analysed. Plaque was assessed at the second occasion immediately after brushing. Participants directly compared the two brushes regarding their handling and compared them to the brushed they used at home. Results: The study participants found the BV1 significantly more cumbersome than the M1 or their brush at home. (p < 0.05). However, correlation analyses revealed a strong consistency of brushing behavior with the two brushes (0.71 < r < 0.91). Means differed only slightly (all d < 0.36). These differences became statistically significant only for the brushing time at inner surfaces (d = 0.31 p = 0.03) and horizontal movements at inner surfaces (d = 0.35, p = 0.02). Plaque levels at the gingival margins did not differ while slightly more plaque persisted at the more coronal aspects of the crown after brushing with BV1 (d = 0.592; p 0.042) Discussion: The results of the study indicate that the brushing handle does not play a major role in brushing behavior or brushing effectiveness.}, author = {Deinzer, Renate and Eidenhardt, Zdenka and Sohrabi, Keywan and Stenger, Manuel and Kraft, Dominik and Sick, Bernhard and Götz-Hahn, Franz and Bottenbruch, Carlotta and Berneburg, Nils and Weik, Ulrike}, journal = {Research Square}, keywords = {itegpub}, note = {(preprint)}, title = {It is the habit not the handle that affects tooth brushing. Results of a randomised counterbalanced cross over study}, year = 2023 }
%0 Journal Article %1 deinzer2023it %A Deinzer, Renate %A Eidenhardt, Zdenka %A Sohrabi, Keywan %A Stenger, Manuel %A Kraft, Dominik %A Sick, Bernhard %A Götz-Hahn, Franz %A Bottenbruch, Carlotta %A Berneburg, Nils %A Weik, Ulrike %D 2023 %J Research Square %R 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3491691/v1 %T It is the habit not the handle that affects tooth brushing. Results of a randomised counterbalanced cross over study %U https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3491691/v1 %X Objective: To assess the effect of the toothbrush handle on video-observed toothbrushing behaviour and toothbrushing effectiveness Methods: This is a randomized counterbalanced cross-over study. N = 50 university students brushed their teeth at two occasions, one week apart, using either a commercial ergonomically designed manual toothbrush (MT) or Brushalyze V1 (BV1), a manual toothbrush with a thick cylindrical handle without any specific ergonomic features. Brushing behaviour was video-analysed. Plaque was assessed at the second occasion immediately after brushing. Participants directly compared the two brushes regarding their handling and compared them to the brushed they used at home. Results: The study participants found the BV1 significantly more cumbersome than the M1 or their brush at home. (p < 0.05). However, correlation analyses revealed a strong consistency of brushing behavior with the two brushes (0.71 < r < 0.91). Means differed only slightly (all d < 0.36). These differences became statistically significant only for the brushing time at inner surfaces (d = 0.31 p = 0.03) and horizontal movements at inner surfaces (d = 0.35, p = 0.02). Plaque levels at the gingival margins did not differ while slightly more plaque persisted at the more coronal aspects of the crown after brushing with BV1 (d = 0.592; p 0.042) Discussion: The results of the study indicate that the brushing handle does not play a major role in brushing behavior or brushing effectiveness.
What Does Really Count? Estimating Relevance of Corner Cases for Semantic Segmentation in Automated Driving.Breitenstein, Jasmin; Heidecker, Florian; Lyssenko, Maria; Bogdoll, Daniel; Bieshaar, Maarten; Zöllner, J. Marius; Sick, Bernhard; Fingscheidt, Tim. In Workshop on roBustness and Reliability of Autonomous Vehicles in the Open-world (BRAVO), ICCV, bll 3991–4000. 2023.
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In safety-critical applications such as automated driving, perception errors may create an imminent risk to vulnerable road users (VRU). To mitigate the occurrence of unexpected and potentially dangerous situations, so-called corner cases, perception models are trained on a huge amount of data. However, the models are typically evaluated using task-agnostic metrics, which do not reflect the severity of safety-critical misdetections. Consequently, misdetections with particular relevance for the safe driving task should entail a more severe penalty during evaluation to pinpoint corner cases in large-scale datasets. In this work, we propose a novel metric IoUw that exploits relevance on the pixel level of the semantic segmentation output to extend the notion of the intersection over union (IoU) by emphasizing small areas of an image affected by corner cases. We (i) employ IoUw to measure the effect of pre-defined relevance criteria on the segmentation evaluation, and (ii) use the relevance-adapted IoUw to refine the identification of corner cases. In our experiments, we investigate vision-based relevance criteria and physical attributes as per-pixel criticality to factor in the imminent risk, showing that IoUw precisely accentuates the relevance of corner cases.
@inproceedings{breitenstein2023what, abstract = {In safety-critical applications such as automated driving, perception errors may create an imminent risk to vulnerable road users (VRU). To mitigate the occurrence of unexpected and potentially dangerous situations, so-called corner cases, perception models are trained on a huge amount of data. However, the models are typically evaluated using task-agnostic metrics, which do not reflect the severity of safety-critical misdetections. Consequently, misdetections with particular relevance for the safe driving task should entail a more severe penalty during evaluation to pinpoint corner cases in large-scale datasets. In this work, we propose a novel metric IoUw that exploits relevance on the pixel level of the semantic segmentation output to extend the notion of the intersection over union (IoU) by emphasizing small areas of an image affected by corner cases. We (i) employ IoUw to measure the effect of pre-defined relevance criteria on the segmentation evaluation, and (ii) use the relevance-adapted IoUw to refine the identification of corner cases. In our experiments, we investigate vision-based relevance criteria and physical attributes as per-pixel criticality to factor in the imminent risk, showing that IoUw precisely accentuates the relevance of corner cases.}, author = {Breitenstein, Jasmin and Heidecker, Florian and Lyssenko, Maria and Bogdoll, Daniel and Bieshaar, Maarten and Zöllner, J. Marius and Sick, Bernhard and Fingscheidt, Tim}, booktitle = {Workshop on roBustness and Reliability of Autonomous Vehicles in the Open-world (BRAVO), ICCV}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {3991–4000}, title = {What Does Really Count? Estimating Relevance of Corner Cases for Semantic Segmentation in Automated Driving}, year = 2023 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 breitenstein2023what %A Breitenstein, Jasmin %A Heidecker, Florian %A Lyssenko, Maria %A Bogdoll, Daniel %A Bieshaar, Maarten %A Zöllner, J. Marius %A Sick, Bernhard %A Fingscheidt, Tim %B Workshop on roBustness and Reliability of Autonomous Vehicles in the Open-world (BRAVO), ICCV %D 2023 %P 3991--4000 %T What Does Really Count? Estimating Relevance of Corner Cases for Semantic Segmentation in Automated Driving %U https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content/ICCV2023W/BRAVO/html/Breitenstein_What_Does_Really_Count_Estimating_Relevance_of_Corner_Cases_for_ICCVW_2023_paper.html %X In safety-critical applications such as automated driving, perception errors may create an imminent risk to vulnerable road users (VRU). To mitigate the occurrence of unexpected and potentially dangerous situations, so-called corner cases, perception models are trained on a huge amount of data. However, the models are typically evaluated using task-agnostic metrics, which do not reflect the severity of safety-critical misdetections. Consequently, misdetections with particular relevance for the safe driving task should entail a more severe penalty during evaluation to pinpoint corner cases in large-scale datasets. In this work, we propose a novel metric IoUw that exploits relevance on the pixel level of the semantic segmentation output to extend the notion of the intersection over union (IoU) by emphasizing small areas of an image affected by corner cases. We (i) employ IoUw to measure the effect of pre-defined relevance criteria on the segmentation evaluation, and (ii) use the relevance-adapted IoUw to refine the identification of corner cases. In our experiments, we investigate vision-based relevance criteria and physical attributes as per-pixel criticality to factor in the imminent risk, showing that IoUw precisely accentuates the relevance of corner cases.
Spatio-Temporal Attention Graph Neural Network for Remaining Useful Life Prediction.Huang, Zhixin; He, Yujiang; Sick, Bernhard. In Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI), bll 99–105. IEEE, 2023.
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RUL prediction plays a crucial role in the health management of industrial systems. Given the increasing complexity of systems, data-driven predictive models have attracted significant research interest. Upon reviewing the existing literature, it appears that many studies either do not fully integrate both spatial and temporal features or employ only a single attention mechanism. Furthermore, there seems to be inconsistency in the choice of data normalization methods, particularly concerning operating conditions, which might influence predictive performance. To bridge these observations, this study presents the Spatio-Temporal Attention Graph Neural Network. Our model combines graph neural networks and temporal convolutional neural networks for spatial and temporal feature extraction, respectively. The cascade of these extractors, combined with multihead attention mechanisms for both spatio-temporal dimensions, aims to improve predictive precision and refine model explainability. Comprehensive experiments were conducted on the CMAPSS dataset to evaluate the impact of unified versus clustering normalization. The findings suggest that our model performs state-of-the-art results using only the unified normalization. Additionally, when dealing with datasets with multiple operating conditions, cluster normalization enhances the performance of our proposed model by up to 27%.
@inproceedings{huang2023spatio, abstract = {RUL prediction plays a crucial role in the health management of industrial systems. Given the increasing complexity of systems, data-driven predictive models have attracted significant research interest. Upon reviewing the existing literature, it appears that many studies either do not fully integrate both spatial and temporal features or employ only a single attention mechanism. Furthermore, there seems to be inconsistency in the choice of data normalization methods, particularly concerning operating conditions, which might influence predictive performance. To bridge these observations, this study presents the Spatio-Temporal Attention Graph Neural Network. Our model combines graph neural networks and temporal convolutional neural networks for spatial and temporal feature extraction, respectively. The cascade of these extractors, combined with multihead attention mechanisms for both spatio-temporal dimensions, aims to improve predictive precision and refine model explainability. Comprehensive experiments were conducted on the CMAPSS dataset to evaluate the impact of unified versus clustering normalization. The findings suggest that our model performs state-of-the-art results using only the unified normalization. Additionally, when dealing with datasets with multiple operating conditions, cluster normalization enhances the performance of our proposed model by up to 27%.}, author = {Huang, Zhixin and He, Yujiang and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI)}, keywords = {Graph_Neural_Network}, pages = {99–105}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Spatio-Temporal Attention Graph Neural Network for Remaining Useful Life Prediction}, year = 2023 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 huang2023spatio %A Huang, Zhixin %A He, Yujiang %A Sick, Bernhard %B Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI) %D 2023 %I IEEE %P 99--105 %R 10.1109/CSCI62032.2023.00022 %T Spatio-Temporal Attention Graph Neural Network for Remaining Useful Life Prediction %X RUL prediction plays a crucial role in the health management of industrial systems. Given the increasing complexity of systems, data-driven predictive models have attracted significant research interest. Upon reviewing the existing literature, it appears that many studies either do not fully integrate both spatial and temporal features or employ only a single attention mechanism. Furthermore, there seems to be inconsistency in the choice of data normalization methods, particularly concerning operating conditions, which might influence predictive performance. To bridge these observations, this study presents the Spatio-Temporal Attention Graph Neural Network. Our model combines graph neural networks and temporal convolutional neural networks for spatial and temporal feature extraction, respectively. The cascade of these extractors, combined with multihead attention mechanisms for both spatio-temporal dimensions, aims to improve predictive precision and refine model explainability. Comprehensive experiments were conducted on the CMAPSS dataset to evaluate the impact of unified versus clustering normalization. The findings suggest that our model performs state-of-the-art results using only the unified normalization. Additionally, when dealing with datasets with multiple operating conditions, cluster normalization enhances the performance of our proposed model by up to 27%.
Corner Cases in Machine Learning Processes.Heidecker, Florian; Bieshaar, Maarten; Sick, Bernhard. In AI Perspectives & Advances, 6(1), bll 1–17. 2023.
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Applications using machine learning (ML), such as highly autonomous driving, depend highly on the performance of the ML model. The data amount and quality used for model training and validation are crucial. If the model cannot detect and interpret a new, rare, or perhaps dangerous situation, often referred to as a corner case, we will likely blame the data for not being good enough or too small in number. However, the implemented ML model and its associated architecture also influence the behavior. Therefore, the occurrence of prediction errors resulting from the ML model itself is not surprising. This work addresses a corner case definition from an ML model's perspective to determine which aspects must be considered. To achieve this goal, we present an overview of properties for corner cases that are beneficial for the description, explanation, reproduction, or synthetic generation of corner cases. To define ML corner cases, we review different considerations in the literature and summarize them in a general description and mathematical formulation, whereby the expected relevance-weighted loss is the key to distinguishing corner cases from common data. Moreover, we show how to operationalize the corner case characteristics to determine the value of a corner case. To conclude, we present the extended taxonomy for ML corner cases by adding the input, model, and deployment levels, considering the influence of the corner case properties.
@article{heidecker2023corner, abstract = {Applications using machine learning (ML), such as highly autonomous driving, depend highly on the performance of the ML model. The data amount and quality used for model training and validation are crucial. If the model cannot detect and interpret a new, rare, or perhaps dangerous situation, often referred to as a corner case, we will likely blame the data for not being good enough or too small in number. However, the implemented ML model and its associated architecture also influence the behavior. Therefore, the occurrence of prediction errors resulting from the ML model itself is not surprising. This work addresses a corner case definition from an ML model's perspective to determine which aspects must be considered. To achieve this goal, we present an overview of properties for corner cases that are beneficial for the description, explanation, reproduction, or synthetic generation of corner cases. To define ML corner cases, we review different considerations in the literature and summarize them in a general description and mathematical formulation, whereby the expected relevance-weighted loss is the key to distinguishing corner cases from common data. Moreover, we show how to operationalize the corner case characteristics to determine the value of a corner case. To conclude, we present the extended taxonomy for ML corner cases by adding the input, model, and deployment levels, considering the influence of the corner case properties.}, author = {Heidecker, Florian and Bieshaar, Maarten and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {AI Perspectives & Advances}, keywords = {itegpub}, number = 1, pages = {1–17}, title = {Corner Cases in Machine Learning Processes}, volume = 6, year = 2023 }
%0 Journal Article %1 heidecker2023corner %A Heidecker, Florian %A Bieshaar, Maarten %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2023 %J AI Perspectives & Advances %N 1 %P 1--17 %R 10.1186/s42467-023-00015-y %T Corner Cases in Machine Learning Processes %U https://aiperspectives.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s42467-023-00015-y %V 6 %X Applications using machine learning (ML), such as highly autonomous driving, depend highly on the performance of the ML model. The data amount and quality used for model training and validation are crucial. If the model cannot detect and interpret a new, rare, or perhaps dangerous situation, often referred to as a corner case, we will likely blame the data for not being good enough or too small in number. However, the implemented ML model and its associated architecture also influence the behavior. Therefore, the occurrence of prediction errors resulting from the ML model itself is not surprising. This work addresses a corner case definition from an ML model's perspective to determine which aspects must be considered. To achieve this goal, we present an overview of properties for corner cases that are beneficial for the description, explanation, reproduction, or synthetic generation of corner cases. To define ML corner cases, we review different considerations in the literature and summarize them in a general description and mathematical formulation, whereby the expected relevance-weighted loss is the key to distinguishing corner cases from common data. Moreover, we show how to operationalize the corner case characteristics to determine the value of a corner case. To conclude, we present the extended taxonomy for ML corner cases by adding the input, model, and deployment levels, considering the influence of the corner case properties.
The IMPTC Dataset: An Infrastructural Multi-Person Trajectory and Context Dataset.Hetzel, Manuel; Reichert, Hannes; Reitberger, Günther; Doll, Konrad; Sick, Bernhard; Fuchs, Erich. In IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), bll 1–7. IEEE, 2023.
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Inner-city intersections are among the most critical traffic areas for injury and fatal accidents. Automated vehicles struggle with the complex and hectic everyday life within those areas. Sensor-equipped smart infrastructures, which can cooperate with vehicles, can benefit automated traffic by extending the perception capabilities of drivers and vehicle perception systems. Additionally, they offer the opportunity to gather reproducible and precise data of a holistic scene understanding, including context information as a basis for training algorithms for various applications in automated traffic. Therefore, we introduce the Infrastructural Multi-Person Trajectory and Context Dataset (IMPTC). We use an intelligent public inner-city intersection in Germany with visual sensor technology. A multi-view camera and LiDAR system perceives traffic situations and road users’ behavior. Additional sensors monitor contextual information like weather, lighting, and traffic light signal status. The data acquisition system focuses on Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) and multiagent interaction. The resulting dataset consists of eight hours of measurement data. It contains over 2,500 VRU trajectories, including pedestrians, cyclists, e-scooter riders, strollers, and wheelchair users, and over 20,000 vehicle trajectories at different day times, weather conditions, and seasons. In addition, to enable the entire stack of research capabilities, the dataset includes all data, starting from the sensor-, calibration- and detection data until trajectory and context data. The dataset is continuously expanded and is available online for non-commercial research at https://github.com/kav-institute/imptc-dataset
@inproceedings{hetzel2023imptc, abstract = {Inner-city intersections are among the most critical traffic areas for injury and fatal accidents. Automated vehicles struggle with the complex and hectic everyday life within those areas. Sensor-equipped smart infrastructures, which can cooperate with vehicles, can benefit automated traffic by extending the perception capabilities of drivers and vehicle perception systems. Additionally, they offer the opportunity to gather reproducible and precise data of a holistic scene understanding, including context information as a basis for training algorithms for various applications in automated traffic. Therefore, we introduce the Infrastructural Multi-Person Trajectory and Context Dataset (IMPTC). We use an intelligent public inner-city intersection in Germany with visual sensor technology. A multi-view camera and LiDAR system perceives traffic situations and road users’ behavior. Additional sensors monitor contextual information like weather, lighting, and traffic light signal status. The data acquisition system focuses on Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) and multiagent interaction. The resulting dataset consists of eight hours of measurement data. It contains over 2,500 VRU trajectories, including pedestrians, cyclists, e-scooter riders, strollers, and wheelchair users, and over 20,000 vehicle trajectories at different day times, weather conditions, and seasons. In addition, to enable the entire stack of research capabilities, the dataset includes all data, starting from the sensor-, calibration- and detection data until trajectory and context data. The dataset is continuously expanded and is available online for non-commercial research at https://github.com/kav-institute/imptc-dataset}, author = {Hetzel, Manuel and Reichert, Hannes and Reitberger, Günther and Doll, Konrad and Sick, Bernhard and Fuchs, Erich}, booktitle = {IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {1–7}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {The {IMPTC} Dataset: An Infrastructural Multi-Person Trajectory and Context Dataset}, year = 2023 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 hetzel2023imptc %A Hetzel, Manuel %A Reichert, Hannes %A Reitberger, Günther %A Doll, Konrad %A Sick, Bernhard %A Fuchs, Erich %B IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV) %D 2023 %I IEEE %P 1--7 %R 10.1109/IV55152.2023.10186776 %T The IMPTC Dataset: An Infrastructural Multi-Person Trajectory and Context Dataset %X Inner-city intersections are among the most critical traffic areas for injury and fatal accidents. Automated vehicles struggle with the complex and hectic everyday life within those areas. Sensor-equipped smart infrastructures, which can cooperate with vehicles, can benefit automated traffic by extending the perception capabilities of drivers and vehicle perception systems. Additionally, they offer the opportunity to gather reproducible and precise data of a holistic scene understanding, including context information as a basis for training algorithms for various applications in automated traffic. Therefore, we introduce the Infrastructural Multi-Person Trajectory and Context Dataset (IMPTC). We use an intelligent public inner-city intersection in Germany with visual sensor technology. A multi-view camera and LiDAR system perceives traffic situations and road users’ behavior. Additional sensors monitor contextual information like weather, lighting, and traffic light signal status. The data acquisition system focuses on Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) and multiagent interaction. The resulting dataset consists of eight hours of measurement data. It contains over 2,500 VRU trajectories, including pedestrians, cyclists, e-scooter riders, strollers, and wheelchair users, and over 20,000 vehicle trajectories at different day times, weather conditions, and seasons. In addition, to enable the entire stack of research capabilities, the dataset includes all data, starting from the sensor-, calibration- and detection data until trajectory and context data. The dataset is continuously expanded and is available online for non-commercial research at https://github.com/kav-institute/imptc-dataset
On the Reliability of Automated Analysis of Fracture Surfaces Using a Novel Computer Vision-Based Tool.Engelhardt, Anna; Decke, Jens; Meier, David; Dulig, Franz; Ragunathan, Rishan; Wegener, Thomas; Sick, Bernhard; Niendorf, Thomas. In Advanced Engineering Materials, 25(21), bl 2300876. Wiley, 2023.
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Fracture surface analysis is of utmost importance with respect to structural integrity of metallic materials. This especially holds true for additively manufactured materials. Despite an increasing trend of automatization of testing methods, the analysis and classification of fatigue fracture surface images is commonly done manually by experts. Although this leads to correct results in most cases, it has several disadvantages, e.g., the need of a huge knowledge base to interpret images correctly. In present work, an unsupervised tool for analysis of overview images of fatigue fracture surface images is developed to support nonexperienced users to identify the origin of the fracture. The tool is developed using fracture surface images of additively manufactured Ti6Al4V specimens fatigued in the high-cycle-fatigue regime and is based on the identification of river marks. Several recording parameters seem to have no significant influence on the results as long as preprocessing settings are adapted. Moreover, it is possible to analyze images of other materials with the tool as long as the fracture surfaces contain river marks. However, special features like multiple origins or origins located in direct vicinity to the surface, e.g., caused by increased plastic strains, require a further tool development or alternative approaches.
@article{engelhardt2023reliability, abstract = {Fracture surface analysis is of utmost importance with respect to structural integrity of metallic materials. This especially holds true for additively manufactured materials. Despite an increasing trend of automatization of testing methods, the analysis and classification of fatigue fracture surface images is commonly done manually by experts. Although this leads to correct results in most cases, it has several disadvantages, e.g., the need of a huge knowledge base to interpret images correctly. In present work, an unsupervised tool for analysis of overview images of fatigue fracture surface images is developed to support nonexperienced users to identify the origin of the fracture. The tool is developed using fracture surface images of additively manufactured Ti6Al4V specimens fatigued in the high-cycle-fatigue regime and is based on the identification of river marks. Several recording parameters seem to have no significant influence on the results as long as preprocessing settings are adapted. Moreover, it is possible to analyze images of other materials with the tool as long as the fracture surfaces contain river marks. However, special features like multiple origins or origins located in direct vicinity to the surface, e.g., caused by increased plastic strains, require a further tool development or alternative approaches.}, author = {Engelhardt, Anna and Decke, Jens and Meier, David and Dulig, Franz and Ragunathan, Rishan and Wegener, Thomas and Sick, Bernhard and Niendorf, Thomas}, journal = {Advanced Engineering Materials}, keywords = {ImageRecognition}, number = 21, pages = 2300876, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {On the Reliability of Automated Analysis of Fracture Surfaces Using a Novel Computer Vision-Based Tool}, volume = 25, year = 2023 }
%0 Journal Article %1 engelhardt2023reliability %A Engelhardt, Anna %A Decke, Jens %A Meier, David %A Dulig, Franz %A Ragunathan, Rishan %A Wegener, Thomas %A Sick, Bernhard %A Niendorf, Thomas %D 2023 %I Wiley %J Advanced Engineering Materials %N 21 %P 2300876 %R https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202300876 %T On the Reliability of Automated Analysis of Fracture Surfaces Using a Novel Computer Vision-Based Tool %U https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/adem.202300876 %V 25 %X Fracture surface analysis is of utmost importance with respect to structural integrity of metallic materials. This especially holds true for additively manufactured materials. Despite an increasing trend of automatization of testing methods, the analysis and classification of fatigue fracture surface images is commonly done manually by experts. Although this leads to correct results in most cases, it has several disadvantages, e.g., the need of a huge knowledge base to interpret images correctly. In present work, an unsupervised tool for analysis of overview images of fatigue fracture surface images is developed to support nonexperienced users to identify the origin of the fracture. The tool is developed using fracture surface images of additively manufactured Ti6Al4V specimens fatigued in the high-cycle-fatigue regime and is based on the identification of river marks. Several recording parameters seem to have no significant influence on the results as long as preprocessing settings are adapted. Moreover, it is possible to analyze images of other materials with the tool as long as the fracture surfaces contain river marks. However, special features like multiple origins or origins located in direct vicinity to the surface, e.g., caused by increased plastic strains, require a further tool development or alternative approaches.
Continuous Feature Networks: A Novel Method to Process Irregularly and Inconsistently Sampled Data With Position-Dependent Features.Magnussen, Birk Martin; Stern, Claudius; Sick, Bernhard. In International Journal On Advances in Intelligent Systems, 16(3&4), bll 43–50. ThinkMind, 2023.
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Continuous Kernels have been a recent development in convolutional neural networks. Such kernels are used to process data sampled at different resolutions as well as irregularly and inconsistently sampled data. Convolutional neural networks have the property of translational invariance (e.g., features are detected regardless of their position in the measurement domain), which is unsuitable if the position of detected features is relevant for the prediction task. However, the capabilities of continuous kernels to process irregularly sampled data are still desired. This article introduces the continuous feature network, a novel method utilizing continuous kernels, for detecting global features at absolute positions in the data domain. Through a use case in processing multiple spatially resolved reflection spectroscopy data, which is sampled irregularly and inconsistently, we show that the proposed method is capable of processing such data directly without additional preprocessing or augmentation as is needed using comparable methods. In addition, we show that the proposed method is able to achieve a higher prediction accuracy than a comparable network on a dataset with position-dependent features. Furthermore, a higher robustness to missing data compared to a benchmark network using data interpolation is observed, which allows the network to adapt to sensors with a failure of individual light emitters or detectors without the need for retraining. The article shows how these capabilities stem from the continuous kernels used and how the number of available kernels to be trained affects the model. Finally, the article proposes a method to utilize the introduced method as a base for an interpretable model usable for explainable AI.
@article{magnussen2023continuous, abstract = {Continuous Kernels have been a recent development in convolutional neural networks. Such kernels are used to process data sampled at different resolutions as well as irregularly and inconsistently sampled data. Convolutional neural networks have the property of translational invariance (e.g., features are detected regardless of their position in the measurement domain), which is unsuitable if the position of detected features is relevant for the prediction task. However, the capabilities of continuous kernels to process irregularly sampled data are still desired. This article introduces the continuous feature network, a novel method utilizing continuous kernels, for detecting global features at absolute positions in the data domain. Through a use case in processing multiple spatially resolved reflection spectroscopy data, which is sampled irregularly and inconsistently, we show that the proposed method is capable of processing such data directly without additional preprocessing or augmentation as is needed using comparable methods. In addition, we show that the proposed method is able to achieve a higher prediction accuracy than a comparable network on a dataset with position-dependent features. Furthermore, a higher robustness to missing data compared to a benchmark network using data interpolation is observed, which allows the network to adapt to sensors with a failure of individual light emitters or detectors without the need for retraining. The article shows how these capabilities stem from the continuous kernels used and how the number of available kernels to be trained affects the model. Finally, the article proposes a method to utilize the introduced method as a base for an interpretable model usable for explainable AI.}, author = {Magnussen, Birk Martin and Stern, Claudius and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {International Journal On Advances in Intelligent Systems}, keywords = {itegpub}, number = {3&4}, pages = {43–50}, publisher = {ThinkMind}, title = {Continuous Feature Networks: A Novel Method to Process Irregularly and Inconsistently Sampled Data With Position-Dependent Features}, volume = 16, year = 2023 }
%0 Journal Article %1 magnussen2023continuous %A Magnussen, Birk Martin %A Stern, Claudius %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2023 %I ThinkMind %J International Journal On Advances in Intelligent Systems %N 3&4 %P 43--50 %T Continuous Feature Networks: A Novel Method to Process Irregularly and Inconsistently Sampled Data With Position-Dependent Features %U http://www.thinkmind.org/index.php?view=article&articleid=intsys_v16_n34_2023_3 %V 16 %X Continuous Kernels have been a recent development in convolutional neural networks. Such kernels are used to process data sampled at different resolutions as well as irregularly and inconsistently sampled data. Convolutional neural networks have the property of translational invariance (e.g., features are detected regardless of their position in the measurement domain), which is unsuitable if the position of detected features is relevant for the prediction task. However, the capabilities of continuous kernels to process irregularly sampled data are still desired. This article introduces the continuous feature network, a novel method utilizing continuous kernels, for detecting global features at absolute positions in the data domain. Through a use case in processing multiple spatially resolved reflection spectroscopy data, which is sampled irregularly and inconsistently, we show that the proposed method is capable of processing such data directly without additional preprocessing or augmentation as is needed using comparable methods. In addition, we show that the proposed method is able to achieve a higher prediction accuracy than a comparable network on a dataset with position-dependent features. Furthermore, a higher robustness to missing data compared to a benchmark network using data interpolation is observed, which allows the network to adapt to sensors with a failure of individual light emitters or detectors without the need for retraining. The article shows how these capabilities stem from the continuous kernels used and how the number of available kernels to be trained affects the model. Finally, the article proposes a method to utilize the introduced method as a base for an interpretable model usable for explainable AI.
Context-aware recommendations for extended electric vehicle battery lifetime.Eider, Markus; Sick, Bernhard; Berl, Andreas. In Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems (SUSCOM), 37, bl 100845. Elsevier, 2023.
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Electric vehicles are a means of reducing CO2 emissions in transportation. However, the sustainability of electric vehicle batteries is affected by battery health degradation, which decreases their overall lifetime. This results in a substantial amount of depleted batteries due to replacements. Users have a major impact on battery health degradation through their actions while handling electric vehicles, such as the use of fast charging. To mitigate this problem, this article presents a methodology to generate user guidance for batteryfriendly actions in the upcoming use. Therefore, we first identify general recommendations from related work and combine them with the vehicle context in order to define context-aware recommendations in the form of if–then rules. These context-aware recommendations are then used to generate user advice. Second, the article covers how to predict the vehicle context in order to determine necessary recommendations. Third, a prescriptive recommendation system architecture is proposed, which takes vehicle context information, and produces user guidance. Finally, we test the proposed architecture using fuzzy logic as decision system. Overall, the architecture provides satisfactory user advice
@article{eider2023context, abstract = {Electric vehicles are a means of reducing CO2 emissions in transportation. However, the sustainability of electric vehicle batteries is affected by battery health degradation, which decreases their overall lifetime. This results in a substantial amount of depleted batteries due to replacements. Users have a major impact on battery health degradation through their actions while handling electric vehicles, such as the use of fast charging. To mitigate this problem, this article presents a methodology to generate user guidance for batteryfriendly actions in the upcoming use. Therefore, we first identify general recommendations from related work and combine them with the vehicle context in order to define context-aware recommendations in the form of if–then rules. These context-aware recommendations are then used to generate user advice. Second, the article covers how to predict the vehicle context in order to determine necessary recommendations. Third, a prescriptive recommendation system architecture is proposed, which takes vehicle context information, and produces user guidance. Finally, we test the proposed architecture using fuzzy logic as decision system. Overall, the architecture provides satisfactory user advice}, author = {Eider, Markus and Sick, Bernhard and Berl, Andreas}, journal = {Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems (SUSCOM)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = 100845, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {Context-aware recommendations for extended electric vehicle battery lifetime}, volume = 37, year = 2023 }
%0 Journal Article %1 eider2023context %A Eider, Markus %A Sick, Bernhard %A Berl, Andreas %D 2023 %I Elsevier %J Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems (SUSCOM) %P 100845 %R 10.1016/j.suscom.2022.100845 %T Context-aware recommendations for extended electric vehicle battery lifetime %V 37 %X Electric vehicles are a means of reducing CO2 emissions in transportation. However, the sustainability of electric vehicle batteries is affected by battery health degradation, which decreases their overall lifetime. This results in a substantial amount of depleted batteries due to replacements. Users have a major impact on battery health degradation through their actions while handling electric vehicles, such as the use of fast charging. To mitigate this problem, this article presents a methodology to generate user guidance for batteryfriendly actions in the upcoming use. Therefore, we first identify general recommendations from related work and combine them with the vehicle context in order to define context-aware recommendations in the form of if–then rules. These context-aware recommendations are then used to generate user advice. Second, the article covers how to predict the vehicle context in order to determine necessary recommendations. Third, a prescriptive recommendation system architecture is proposed, which takes vehicle context information, and produces user guidance. Finally, we test the proposed architecture using fuzzy logic as decision system. Overall, the architecture provides satisfactory user advice
Height Change Feature Based Free Space Detection.Schreck, Steven; Reichert, Hannes; Hetzel, Manuel; Doll, Konrad; Sick, Bernhard. In International Conference on Control, Mechatronics and Automation (ICCMA), bll 171–176. IEEE, 2023.
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We present a novel method for free space detection in dynamic environments like factory sites, crucial for autonomous forklifts to avoid collisions. It introduces a technique for fast surface normal estimation using spherical projected LiDAR data, which helps in detecting free space efficiently and in real-time. The method's effectiveness is proven with a 50.90% mIoU score on the Semantic KITTI dataset at 105 Hz, and a 63.30% mIoU score on a factory site dataset at 54 Hz.
@inproceedings{schreck2023height, abstract = {We present a novel method for free space detection in dynamic environments like factory sites, crucial for autonomous forklifts to avoid collisions. It introduces a technique for fast surface normal estimation using spherical projected LiDAR data, which helps in detecting free space efficiently and in real-time. The method's effectiveness is proven with a 50.90% mIoU score on the Semantic KITTI dataset at 105 Hz, and a 63.30% mIoU score on a factory site dataset at 54 Hz.}, author = {Schreck, Steven and Reichert, Hannes and Hetzel, Manuel and Doll, Konrad and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {International Conference on Control, Mechatronics and Automation (ICCMA)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {171–176}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Height Change Feature Based Free Space Detection}, year = 2023 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 schreck2023height %A Schreck, Steven %A Reichert, Hannes %A Hetzel, Manuel %A Doll, Konrad %A Sick, Bernhard %B International Conference on Control, Mechatronics and Automation (ICCMA) %D 2023 %I IEEE %P 171--176 %R 10.1109/ICCMA59762.2023.10374705 %T Height Change Feature Based Free Space Detection %X We present a novel method for free space detection in dynamic environments like factory sites, crucial for autonomous forklifts to avoid collisions. It introduces a technique for fast surface normal estimation using spherical projected LiDAR data, which helps in detecting free space efficiently and in real-time. The method's effectiveness is proven with a 50.90% mIoU score on the Semantic KITTI dataset at 105 Hz, and a 63.30% mIoU score on a factory site dataset at 54 Hz.
Model selection, adaptation, and combination for transfer learning in wind and photovoltaic power forecasts.Schreiber, Jens; Sick, Bernhard. In Energy and AI, 14, bl 100249. 2023.
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There is recent interest in using model hubs – a collection of pre-trained models – in computer vision tasks. To employ a model hub, we first select a source model and then adapt the model for the target to compensate for differences. There still needs to be more research on model selection and adaption for renewable power forecasts. In particular, none of the related work examines different model selection and adaptation strategies for neural network architectures. Also, none of the current studies investigates the influence of available training samples and considers seasonality in the evaluation. We close these gaps by conducting the first thorough experiment for model selection and adaptation for transfer learning in renewable power forecast, adopting recent developments from the field of computer vision on 667 wind and photovoltaic parks from six datasets. We simulate different amounts of training samples for each season to calculate informative forecast errors. We examine the marginal likelihood and forecast error for model selection for those amounts. Furthermore, we study four adaption strategies. As an extension of the current state of the art, we utilize a Bayesian linear regression for forecasting the response based on features extracted from a neural network. This approach outperforms the baseline with only seven days of training data and shows that fine-tuning is not beneficial with less than three months of data. We further show how combining multiple models through ensembles can significantly improve the model selection and adaptation approach such that we have a similar mean error with only 30 days of training data which is otherwise only possible with an entire year of training data. We achieve a mean error of 9.8 and 14 percent for the most realistic dataset for PV and wind with only seven days of training data.
@article{schreiber2023model, abstract = {There is recent interest in using model hubs – a collection of pre-trained models – in computer vision tasks. To employ a model hub, we first select a source model and then adapt the model for the target to compensate for differences. There still needs to be more research on model selection and adaption for renewable power forecasts. In particular, none of the related work examines different model selection and adaptation strategies for neural network architectures. Also, none of the current studies investigates the influence of available training samples and considers seasonality in the evaluation. We close these gaps by conducting the first thorough experiment for model selection and adaptation for transfer learning in renewable power forecast, adopting recent developments from the field of computer vision on 667 wind and photovoltaic parks from six datasets. We simulate different amounts of training samples for each season to calculate informative forecast errors. We examine the marginal likelihood and forecast error for model selection for those amounts. Furthermore, we study four adaption strategies. As an extension of the current state of the art, we utilize a Bayesian linear regression for forecasting the response based on features extracted from a neural network. This approach outperforms the baseline with only seven days of training data and shows that fine-tuning is not beneficial with less than three months of data. We further show how combining multiple models through ensembles can significantly improve the model selection and adaptation approach such that we have a similar mean error with only 30 days of training data which is otherwise only possible with an entire year of training data. We achieve a mean error of 9.8 and 14 percent for the most realistic dataset for PV and wind with only seven days of training data.}, author = {Schreiber, Jens and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {Energy and AI}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = 100249, title = {Model selection, adaptation, and combination for transfer learning in wind and photovoltaic power forecasts}, volume = 14, year = 2023 }
%0 Journal Article %1 schreiber2023model %A Schreiber, Jens %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2023 %J Energy and AI %P 100249 %R 10.1016/j.egyai.2023.100249 %T Model selection, adaptation, and combination for transfer learning in wind and photovoltaic power forecasts %U https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666546823000216 %V 14 %X There is recent interest in using model hubs – a collection of pre-trained models – in computer vision tasks. To employ a model hub, we first select a source model and then adapt the model for the target to compensate for differences. There still needs to be more research on model selection and adaption for renewable power forecasts. In particular, none of the related work examines different model selection and adaptation strategies for neural network architectures. Also, none of the current studies investigates the influence of available training samples and considers seasonality in the evaluation. We close these gaps by conducting the first thorough experiment for model selection and adaptation for transfer learning in renewable power forecast, adopting recent developments from the field of computer vision on 667 wind and photovoltaic parks from six datasets. We simulate different amounts of training samples for each season to calculate informative forecast errors. We examine the marginal likelihood and forecast error for model selection for those amounts. Furthermore, we study four adaption strategies. As an extension of the current state of the art, we utilize a Bayesian linear regression for forecasting the response based on features extracted from a neural network. This approach outperforms the baseline with only seven days of training data and shows that fine-tuning is not beneficial with less than three months of data. We further show how combining multiple models through ensembles can significantly improve the model selection and adaptation approach such that we have a similar mean error with only 30 days of training data which is otherwise only possible with an entire year of training data. We achieve a mean error of 9.8 and 14 percent for the most realistic dataset for PV and wind with only seven days of training data.
Context Information for Corner Case Detection in Highly Automated Driving.Heidecker, Florian; Susetzky, Tobias; Fuchs, Erich; Sick, Bernhard. In IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), bll 1522–1529. IEEE, 2023.
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Context information provided along with a dataset can be very helpful for solving a problem because the additional knowledge is already available and does not need to be extracted. Moreover, the context indicates how diverse a dataset is, i.e., how many samples per context category are available to train and test machine learning (ML) models. In this article, we present context annotations for the BDD100k image dataset. The annotations comprise, for instance, information about daytime, road condition (dry/wet), and dirt on the windshield. Sometimes, no or only little data are available for unique or rare combinations of these context attributes. However, data that matches these context conditions is crucial when discussing corner cases: Firstly, most ML models, e.g., object detectors, are not trained on such data, which leads to the assumption that they will perform poorly in those situations. Secondly, data containing corner cases are required for validating ML models. With this in mind, separate ML models dedicated to context detection are useful for expanding the training set with additional data of special interest, such as corner cases.
@inproceedings{heidecker2023context, abstract = {Context information provided along with a dataset can be very helpful for solving a problem because the additional knowledge is already available and does not need to be extracted. Moreover, the context indicates how diverse a dataset is, i.e., how many samples per context category are available to train and test machine learning (ML) models. In this article, we present context annotations for the BDD100k image dataset. The annotations comprise, for instance, information about daytime, road condition (dry/wet), and dirt on the windshield. Sometimes, no or only little data are available for unique or rare combinations of these context attributes. However, data that matches these context conditions is crucial when discussing corner cases: Firstly, most ML models, e.g., object detectors, are not trained on such data, which leads to the assumption that they will perform poorly in those situations. Secondly, data containing corner cases are required for validating ML models. With this in mind, separate ML models dedicated to context detection are useful for expanding the training set with additional data of special interest, such as corner cases.}, author = {Heidecker, Florian and Susetzky, Tobias and Fuchs, Erich and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {1522–1529}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Context Information for Corner Case Detection in Highly Automated Driving}, year = 2023 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 heidecker2023context %A Heidecker, Florian %A Susetzky, Tobias %A Fuchs, Erich %A Sick, Bernhard %B IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) %D 2023 %I IEEE %P 1522--1529 %R 10.1109/ITSC57777.2023.10422414 %T Context Information for Corner Case Detection in Highly Automated Driving %X Context information provided along with a dataset can be very helpful for solving a problem because the additional knowledge is already available and does not need to be extracted. Moreover, the context indicates how diverse a dataset is, i.e., how many samples per context category are available to train and test machine learning (ML) models. In this article, we present context annotations for the BDD100k image dataset. The annotations comprise, for instance, information about daytime, road condition (dry/wet), and dirt on the windshield. Sometimes, no or only little data are available for unique or rare combinations of these context attributes. However, data that matches these context conditions is crucial when discussing corner cases: Firstly, most ML models, e.g., object detectors, are not trained on such data, which leads to the assumption that they will perform poorly in those situations. Secondly, data containing corner cases are required for validating ML models. With this in mind, separate ML models dedicated to context detection are useful for expanding the training set with additional data of special interest, such as corner cases.
Role of Hyperparameters in Deep Active Learning.Huseljic, Denis; Herde, Marek; Hahn, Paul; Sick, Bernhard. In Workshop on Interactive Adaptive Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD, bll 19–24. 2023.
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Despite considerable research on pool-based deep active learning (DAL), deploying DAL into real applications still has several challenges. A frequently neglected aspect is the choice of training hyperparameters (HPs), such as the learning rate. Since these HPs determine how the deep neural network learns in each cycle, they must be chosen carefully. In this article, we analyze the role of HPs in DAL. We find that optimizing HPs reduces the performance gap between DAL strategies. Conversely, we highlight challenges in finding optimal HPs when using datasets selected via DAL strategies.
@inproceedings{huseljic2023role, abstract = {Despite considerable research on pool-based deep active learning (DAL), deploying DAL into real applications still has several challenges. A frequently neglected aspect is the choice of training hyperparameters (HPs), such as the learning rate. Since these HPs determine how the deep neural network learns in each cycle, they must be chosen carefully. In this article, we analyze the role of HPs in DAL. We find that optimizing HPs reduces the performance gap between DAL strategies. Conversely, we highlight challenges in finding optimal HPs when using datasets selected via DAL strategies.}, author = {Huseljic, Denis and Herde, Marek and Hahn, Paul and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Workshop on Interactive Adaptive Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {19–24}, title = {Role of Hyperparameters in Deep Active Learning}, year = 2023 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 huseljic2023role %A Huseljic, Denis %A Herde, Marek %A Hahn, Paul %A Sick, Bernhard %B Workshop on Interactive Adaptive Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD %D 2023 %P 19--24 %T Role of Hyperparameters in Deep Active Learning %U https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3470/paper4.pdf %X Despite considerable research on pool-based deep active learning (DAL), deploying DAL into real applications still has several challenges. A frequently neglected aspect is the choice of training hyperparameters (HPs), such as the learning rate. Since these HPs determine how the deep neural network learns in each cycle, they must be chosen carefully. In this article, we analyze the role of HPs in DAL. We find that optimizing HPs reduces the performance gap between DAL strategies. Conversely, we highlight challenges in finding optimal HPs when using datasets selected via DAL strategies.
Domain Imaging in Periodic Submicron Wide Nanostructures by Digital Drift Correction in Kerr Microscopy.Akhundzada, Sapida; Dingel, Kristina; Bischof, David; Janzen, Christian; Sick, Bernhard; Ehresmann, Arno. In Advanced Photonics Research, 4(10), bl 2300170. Wiley, 2023.
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Magneto-optical Kerr microscopy is a powerful method for imaging magnetic domains. Even though domain imaging below the diffractive resolution limit is possible, such investigations are getting increasingly complex with decreasing structure size due to the decreasing Kerr contrast. As magnetic domain images free of topographical artifacts are obtained by subtracting a reference image from the actual image, the corresponding challenges are additionally increased by unavoidable sample motion in the time interval between acquiring the two images. Software-based drift corrections typically rely on a unique structure in the image's region of interest (ROI), recognized automatically or selected manually by the user. By digital image shifting, the ROI positions in the actual and reference images are aligned, and the sample motion is compensated. For magnetic domain imaging in periodically arranged micro- or nano-objects, unique topographical features are not given, making the drift correction by ROIs difficult, often even impossible. Herein, a novel software-based approach is presented for drift corrections to image domains with features close/below the optical resolution limit and for investigating periodically arranged micro- or nano-objects without utilizing ROIs. High-contrast images are obtained, enabling the characterization of periodically arranged 1D, 2D, and 3D magnetic objects with lateral dimensions below 100 nm.
@article{akhundzada2023domain, abstract = {Magneto-optical Kerr microscopy is a powerful method for imaging magnetic domains. Even though domain imaging below the diffractive resolution limit is possible, such investigations are getting increasingly complex with decreasing structure size due to the decreasing Kerr contrast. As magnetic domain images free of topographical artifacts are obtained by subtracting a reference image from the actual image, the corresponding challenges are additionally increased by unavoidable sample motion in the time interval between acquiring the two images. Software-based drift corrections typically rely on a unique structure in the image's region of interest (ROI), recognized automatically or selected manually by the user. By digital image shifting, the ROI positions in the actual and reference images are aligned, and the sample motion is compensated. For magnetic domain imaging in periodically arranged micro- or nano-objects, unique topographical features are not given, making the drift correction by ROIs difficult, often even impossible. Herein, a novel software-based approach is presented for drift corrections to image domains with features close/below the optical resolution limit and for investigating periodically arranged micro- or nano-objects without utilizing ROIs. High-contrast images are obtained, enabling the characterization of periodically arranged 1D, 2D, and 3D magnetic objects with lateral dimensions below 100 nm.}, author = {Akhundzada, Sapida and Dingel, Kristina and Bischof, David and Janzen, Christian and Sick, Bernhard and Ehresmann, Arno}, journal = {Advanced Photonics Research}, keywords = {itegpub}, number = 10, pages = 2300170, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {Domain Imaging in Periodic Submicron Wide Nanostructures by Digital Drift Correction in Kerr Microscopy}, volume = 4, year = 2023 }
%0 Journal Article %1 akhundzada2023domain %A Akhundzada, Sapida %A Dingel, Kristina %A Bischof, David %A Janzen, Christian %A Sick, Bernhard %A Ehresmann, Arno %D 2023 %I Wiley %J Advanced Photonics Research %N 10 %P 2300170 %R https://doi.org/10.1002/adpr.202300170 %T Domain Imaging in Periodic Submicron Wide Nanostructures by Digital Drift Correction in Kerr Microscopy %U https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/adpr.20230017 %V 4 %X Magneto-optical Kerr microscopy is a powerful method for imaging magnetic domains. Even though domain imaging below the diffractive resolution limit is possible, such investigations are getting increasingly complex with decreasing structure size due to the decreasing Kerr contrast. As magnetic domain images free of topographical artifacts are obtained by subtracting a reference image from the actual image, the corresponding challenges are additionally increased by unavoidable sample motion in the time interval between acquiring the two images. Software-based drift corrections typically rely on a unique structure in the image's region of interest (ROI), recognized automatically or selected manually by the user. By digital image shifting, the ROI positions in the actual and reference images are aligned, and the sample motion is compensated. For magnetic domain imaging in periodically arranged micro- or nano-objects, unique topographical features are not given, making the drift correction by ROIs difficult, often even impossible. Herein, a novel software-based approach is presented for drift corrections to image domains with features close/below the optical resolution limit and for investigating periodically arranged micro- or nano-objects without utilizing ROIs. High-contrast images are obtained, enabling the characterization of periodically arranged 1D, 2D, and 3D magnetic objects with lateral dimensions below 100 nm.

2022[ to top ]

Space, Time, and Interaction: A Taxonomy of Corner Cases in Trajectory Datasets for Automated Driving.Rösch, Kevin; Heidecker, Florian; Truetsch, Julian; Kowol, Kamil; Schicktanz, Clemens; Bieshaar, Maarten; Sick, Bernhard; Stiller, Christoph. In IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Vehicles and Transportation Systems (IEEE CIVTS), IEEE SSCI, bll 86–93. IEEE, 2022.
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Trajectory data analysis is an essential component for highly automated driving. Complex models developed with these data predict other road users’ movement and behavior patterns. Based on these predictions — and additional contextual information such as the course of the road, (traffic) rules, and interaction with other road users — the highly automated vehicle (HAV) must be able to reliably and safely perform the task assigned to it, e.g., moving from point A to B. Ideally, the HAV moves safely through its environment, just as we would expect a human driver to do. However, if unusual trajectories occur, so-called trajectory corner cases, a human driver can usually cope well, but an HAV can quickly get into trouble. In the definition of trajectory corner cases, which we provide in this work, we will consider the relevance of unusual trajectories with respect to the task at hand. Based on this, we will also present a taxonomy of different trajectory corner cases. The categorization of corner cases into the taxonomy will be shown with examples and is done by cause and required data sources. To illustrate the complexity between the machine learning (ML) model and the corner case cause, we present a general processing chain underlying the taxonomy.
@inproceedings{rosch2022space, abstract = {Trajectory data analysis is an essential component for highly automated driving. Complex models developed with these data predict other road users’ movement and behavior patterns. Based on these predictions — and additional contextual information such as the course of the road, (traffic) rules, and interaction with other road users — the highly automated vehicle (HAV) must be able to reliably and safely perform the task assigned to it, e.g., moving from point A to B. Ideally, the HAV moves safely through its environment, just as we would expect a human driver to do. However, if unusual trajectories occur, so-called trajectory corner cases, a human driver can usually cope well, but an HAV can quickly get into trouble. In the definition of trajectory corner cases, which we provide in this work, we will consider the relevance of unusual trajectories with respect to the task at hand. Based on this, we will also present a taxonomy of different trajectory corner cases. The categorization of corner cases into the taxonomy will be shown with examples and is done by cause and required data sources. To illustrate the complexity between the machine learning (ML) model and the corner case cause, we present a general processing chain underlying the taxonomy.}, author = {Rösch, Kevin and Heidecker, Florian and Truetsch, Julian and Kowol, Kamil and Schicktanz, Clemens and Bieshaar, Maarten and Sick, Bernhard and Stiller, Christoph}, booktitle = {IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Vehicles and Transportation Systems (IEEE CIVTS), IEEE SSCI}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {86–93}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Space, Time, and Interaction: A Taxonomy of Corner Cases in Trajectory Datasets for Automated Driving}, year = 2022 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 rosch2022space %A Rösch, Kevin %A Heidecker, Florian %A Truetsch, Julian %A Kowol, Kamil %A Schicktanz, Clemens %A Bieshaar, Maarten %A Sick, Bernhard %A Stiller, Christoph %B IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Vehicles and Transportation Systems (IEEE CIVTS), IEEE SSCI %D 2022 %I IEEE %P 86--93 %R 10.1109/SSCI51031.2022.10022241 %T Space, Time, and Interaction: A Taxonomy of Corner Cases in Trajectory Datasets for Automated Driving %U https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10022241 %X Trajectory data analysis is an essential component for highly automated driving. Complex models developed with these data predict other road users’ movement and behavior patterns. Based on these predictions — and additional contextual information such as the course of the road, (traffic) rules, and interaction with other road users — the highly automated vehicle (HAV) must be able to reliably and safely perform the task assigned to it, e.g., moving from point A to B. Ideally, the HAV moves safely through its environment, just as we would expect a human driver to do. However, if unusual trajectories occur, so-called trajectory corner cases, a human driver can usually cope well, but an HAV can quickly get into trouble. In the definition of trajectory corner cases, which we provide in this work, we will consider the relevance of unusual trajectories with respect to the task at hand. Based on this, we will also present a taxonomy of different trajectory corner cases. The categorization of corner cases into the taxonomy will be shown with examples and is done by cause and required data sources. To illustrate the complexity between the machine learning (ML) model and the corner case cause, we present a general processing chain underlying the taxonomy.
Enhancing Active Learning with Weak Supervision and Transfer Learning by Leveraging Information and Knowledge Sources.Rauch, Lukas; Huseljic, Denis; Sick, Bernhard. In Workshop on Interactive Adaptive Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD, bll 27–42. 2022.
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One of the major limitations of deploying a machine learning model is the availability of labeled training data and the resulting expensive annotation process. Although active learning (AL) methods may reduce the annotation cost by actively selecting the most-useful instances, a costly human annotator usually provides the labels. Therefore, even with AL, we still consider the annotation process to be time-consuming and expensive. Besides human annotators, though, companies often have a vast amount of information and knowledge sources available that can generate low-cost labels (e.g., a black-box model) or improve the learning process (e.g., a pre-trained model). We present a novel approach that enhances AL with weak supervision (WS) and transfer learning (TL) to reduce the annotation cost by leveraging these sources. Specifically, we consider a black-box model like a rule-based system as an error-prone and weakly-supervised annotator that inexpensively provides labels. We estimate its performance with an annotator model to decide whether a human annotation is required. Additionally, we utilize unlabeled internal and external data by transferring knowledge from a pre-trained model to the AL cycle. We sequentially investigate the impact of WS and TL on annotation cost and model performance in an AL cycle through a use case. Our evaluation shows that our approach can reduce annotation cost by 51% while achieving nearly identical model performance compared to a traditional AL approach.
@inproceedings{rauch2022enhancing, abstract = {One of the major limitations of deploying a machine learning model is the availability of labeled training data and the resulting expensive annotation process. Although active learning (AL) methods may reduce the annotation cost by actively selecting the most-useful instances, a costly human annotator usually provides the labels. Therefore, even with AL, we still consider the annotation process to be time-consuming and expensive. Besides human annotators, though, companies often have a vast amount of information and knowledge sources available that can generate low-cost labels (e.g., a black-box model) or improve the learning process (e.g., a pre-trained model). We present a novel approach that enhances AL with weak supervision (WS) and transfer learning (TL) to reduce the annotation cost by leveraging these sources. Specifically, we consider a black-box model like a rule-based system as an error-prone and weakly-supervised annotator that inexpensively provides labels. We estimate its performance with an annotator model to decide whether a human annotation is required. Additionally, we utilize unlabeled internal and external data by transferring knowledge from a pre-trained model to the AL cycle. We sequentially investigate the impact of WS and TL on annotation cost and model performance in an AL cycle through a use case. Our evaluation shows that our approach can reduce annotation cost by 51% while achieving nearly identical model performance compared to a traditional AL approach.}, author = {Rauch, Lukas and Huseljic, Denis and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Workshop on Interactive Adaptive Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {27–42}, title = {Enhancing Active Learning with Weak Supervision and Transfer Learning by Leveraging Information and Knowledge Sources}, year = 2022 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 rauch2022enhancing %A Rauch, Lukas %A Huseljic, Denis %A Sick, Bernhard %B Workshop on Interactive Adaptive Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD %D 2022 %P 27--42 %T Enhancing Active Learning with Weak Supervision and Transfer Learning by Leveraging Information and Knowledge Sources %U http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3259/ialatecml_paper3.pdf %X One of the major limitations of deploying a machine learning model is the availability of labeled training data and the resulting expensive annotation process. Although active learning (AL) methods may reduce the annotation cost by actively selecting the most-useful instances, a costly human annotator usually provides the labels. Therefore, even with AL, we still consider the annotation process to be time-consuming and expensive. Besides human annotators, though, companies often have a vast amount of information and knowledge sources available that can generate low-cost labels (e.g., a black-box model) or improve the learning process (e.g., a pre-trained model). We present a novel approach that enhances AL with weak supervision (WS) and transfer learning (TL) to reduce the annotation cost by leveraging these sources. Specifically, we consider a black-box model like a rule-based system as an error-prone and weakly-supervised annotator that inexpensively provides labels. We estimate its performance with an annotator model to decide whether a human annotation is required. Additionally, we utilize unlabeled internal and external data by transferring knowledge from a pre-trained model to the AL cycle. We sequentially investigate the impact of WS and TL on annotation cost and model performance in an AL cycle through a use case. Our evaluation shows that our approach can reduce annotation cost by 51% while achieving nearly identical model performance compared to a traditional AL approach.
NDNET: A Unified Framework for Anomaly and Novelty Detection.Decke, Jens; Schmeißing, Jörn; Botache, Diego; Bieshaar, Maarten; Sick, Bernhard; Gruhl, Christian. In International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS), bll 197–210. Springer, 2022.
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We introduce NDNET (https://novelty-detection.net/p/ndnet), an anomaly and novelty detection library that implements various detection algorithms adjusted for online processing of data streams. The intention of this library is threefold: 1) Make experimentation with different anomaly and novelty detection algorithms simple. 2) Support the development of new novelty detection approaches by providing the mCANDIES framework. 3) Provide fundamentals to analyze and evaluate novelty detection algorithms on data streams. The library is freely available and developed as open-source software.
@inproceedings{decke2022ndnet, abstract = {We introduce NDNET (https://novelty-detection.net/p/ndnet), an anomaly and novelty detection library that implements various detection algorithms adjusted for online processing of data streams. The intention of this library is threefold: 1) Make experimentation with different anomaly and novelty detection algorithms simple. 2) Support the development of new novelty detection approaches by providing the mCANDIES framework. 3) Provide fundamentals to analyze and evaluate novelty detection algorithms on data streams. The library is freely available and developed as open-source software.}, author = {Decke, Jens and Schmeißing, Jörn and Botache, Diego and Bieshaar, Maarten and Sick, Bernhard and Gruhl, Christian}, booktitle = {International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {197–210}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{NDNET}: {A} Unified Framework for Anomaly and Novelty Detection}, year = 2022 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 decke2022ndnet %A Decke, Jens %A Schmeißing, Jörn %A Botache, Diego %A Bieshaar, Maarten %A Sick, Bernhard %A Gruhl, Christian %B International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS) %D 2022 %I Springer %P 197--210 %R 10.1007/978-3-031-21867-5_13 %T NDNET: A Unified Framework for Anomaly and Novelty Detection %X We introduce NDNET (https://novelty-detection.net/p/ndnet), an anomaly and novelty detection library that implements various detection algorithms adjusted for online processing of data streams. The intention of this library is threefold: 1) Make experimentation with different anomaly and novelty detection algorithms simple. 2) Support the development of new novelty detection approaches by providing the mCANDIES framework. 3) Provide fundamentals to analyze and evaluate novelty detection algorithms on data streams. The library is freely available and developed as open-source software.
Efficient SVDD sampling with approximation guarantees for the decision boundary.Englhardt, Adrian; Trittenbach, Holger; Kottke, Daniel; Sick, Bernhard; Böhm, Klemens. In Machine Learning, 111(4), bll 1349–1375. Springer, 2022.
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Support Vector Data Description (SVDD) is a popular one-class classifier for anomaly and novelty detection. But despite its effectiveness, SVDD does not scale well with data size. To avoid prohibitive training times, sampling methods select small subsets of the training data on which SVDD trains a decision boundary hopefully equivalent to the one obtained on the full data set. According to the literature, a good sample should therefore contain so-called boundary observations that SVDD would select as support vectors on the full data set. However, non-boundary observations also are essential to not fragment contiguous inlier regions and avoid poor classification accuracy. Other aspects, such as selecting a sufficiently representative sample, are important as well. But existing sampling methods largely overlook them, resulting in poor classification accuracy. In this article, we study how to select a sample considering these points. Our approach is to frame SVDD sampling as an optimization problem, where constraints guarantee that sampling indeed approximates the original decision boundary. We then propose RAPID, an efficient algorithm to solve this optimization problem. RAPID does not require any tuning of parameters, is easy to implement and scales well to large data sets. We evaluate our approach on real-world and synthetic data. Our evaluation is the most comprehensive one for SVDD sampling so far. Our results show that RAPID outperforms its competitors in classification accuracy, in sample size, and in runtime.
@article{englhardt2022efficient, abstract = {Support Vector Data Description (SVDD) is a popular one-class classifier for anomaly and novelty detection. But despite its effectiveness, SVDD does not scale well with data size. To avoid prohibitive training times, sampling methods select small subsets of the training data on which SVDD trains a decision boundary hopefully equivalent to the one obtained on the full data set. According to the literature, a good sample should therefore contain so-called boundary observations that SVDD would select as support vectors on the full data set. However, non-boundary observations also are essential to not fragment contiguous inlier regions and avoid poor classification accuracy. Other aspects, such as selecting a sufficiently representative sample, are important as well. But existing sampling methods largely overlook them, resulting in poor classification accuracy. In this article, we study how to select a sample considering these points. Our approach is to frame SVDD sampling as an optimization problem, where constraints guarantee that sampling indeed approximates the original decision boundary. We then propose RAPID, an efficient algorithm to solve this optimization problem. RAPID does not require any tuning of parameters, is easy to implement and scales well to large data sets. We evaluate our approach on real-world and synthetic data. Our evaluation is the most comprehensive one for SVDD sampling so far. Our results show that RAPID outperforms its competitors in classification accuracy, in sample size, and in runtime.}, author = {Englhardt, Adrian and Trittenbach, Holger and Kottke, Daniel and Sick, Bernhard and Böhm, Klemens}, journal = {Machine Learning}, keywords = {itegpub}, number = 4, pages = {1349–1375}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Efficient {SVDD} sampling with approximation guarantees for the decision boundary}, volume = 111, year = 2022 }
%0 Journal Article %1 englhardt2022efficient %A Englhardt, Adrian %A Trittenbach, Holger %A Kottke, Daniel %A Sick, Bernhard %A Böhm, Klemens %D 2022 %I Springer %J Machine Learning %N 4 %P 1349--1375 %R 10.1007/s10994-022-06149-0 %T Efficient SVDD sampling with approximation guarantees for the decision boundary %U https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10994-022-06149-0 %V 111 %X Support Vector Data Description (SVDD) is a popular one-class classifier for anomaly and novelty detection. But despite its effectiveness, SVDD does not scale well with data size. To avoid prohibitive training times, sampling methods select small subsets of the training data on which SVDD trains a decision boundary hopefully equivalent to the one obtained on the full data set. According to the literature, a good sample should therefore contain so-called boundary observations that SVDD would select as support vectors on the full data set. However, non-boundary observations also are essential to not fragment contiguous inlier regions and avoid poor classification accuracy. Other aspects, such as selecting a sufficiently representative sample, are important as well. But existing sampling methods largely overlook them, resulting in poor classification accuracy. In this article, we study how to select a sample considering these points. Our approach is to frame SVDD sampling as an optimization problem, where constraints guarantee that sampling indeed approximates the original decision boundary. We then propose RAPID, an efficient algorithm to solve this optimization problem. RAPID does not require any tuning of parameters, is easy to implement and scales well to large data sets. We evaluate our approach on real-world and synthetic data. Our evaluation is the most comprehensive one for SVDD sampling so far. Our results show that RAPID outperforms its competitors in classification accuracy, in sample size, and in runtime.
Fast Bayesian Updates for Deep Learning with a Use Case in Active Learning.Herde, Marek; Huang, Zhixin; Huseljic, Denis; Kottke, Daniel; Vogt, Stephan; Sick, Bernhard. In arXiv e-prints, bl arXiv:2210.06112. 2022.
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Retraining deep neural networks when new data arrives is typically computationally expensive. Moreover, certain applications do not allow such costly retraining due to time or computational constraints. Fast Bayesian updates are a possible solution to this issue. Therefore, we propose a Bayesian update based on Monte-Carlo samples and a last-layer Laplace approximation for different Bayesian neural network types, i.e., Dropout, Ensemble, and Spectral Normalized Neural Gaussian Process (SNGP). In a large-scale evaluation study, we show that our updates combined with SNGP represent a fast and competitive alternative to costly retraining. As a use case, we combine the Bayesian updates for SNGP with different sequential query strategies to exemplarily demonstrate their improved selection performance in active learning.
@article{herde2022fast, abstract = {Retraining deep neural networks when new data arrives is typically computationally expensive. Moreover, certain applications do not allow such costly retraining due to time or computational constraints. Fast Bayesian updates are a possible solution to this issue. Therefore, we propose a Bayesian update based on Monte-Carlo samples and a last-layer Laplace approximation for different Bayesian neural network types, i.e., Dropout, Ensemble, and Spectral Normalized Neural Gaussian Process (SNGP). In a large-scale evaluation study, we show that our updates combined with SNGP represent a fast and competitive alternative to costly retraining. As a use case, we combine the Bayesian updates for SNGP with different sequential query strategies to exemplarily demonstrate their improved selection performance in active learning.}, author = {Herde, Marek and Huang, Zhixin and Huseljic, Denis and Kottke, Daniel and Vogt, Stephan and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {arXiv e-prints}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {arXiv:2210.06112}, title = {Fast Bayesian Updates for Deep Learning with a Use Case in Active Learning}, year = 2022 }
%0 Journal Article %1 herde2022fast %A Herde, Marek %A Huang, Zhixin %A Huseljic, Denis %A Kottke, Daniel %A Vogt, Stephan %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2022 %J arXiv e-prints %P arXiv:2210.06112 %T Fast Bayesian Updates for Deep Learning with a Use Case in Active Learning %U https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.06112 %X Retraining deep neural networks when new data arrives is typically computationally expensive. Moreover, certain applications do not allow such costly retraining due to time or computational constraints. Fast Bayesian updates are a possible solution to this issue. Therefore, we propose a Bayesian update based on Monte-Carlo samples and a last-layer Laplace approximation for different Bayesian neural network types, i.e., Dropout, Ensemble, and Spectral Normalized Neural Gaussian Process (SNGP). In a large-scale evaluation study, we show that our updates combined with SNGP represent a fast and competitive alternative to costly retraining. As a use case, we combine the Bayesian updates for SNGP with different sequential query strategies to exemplarily demonstrate their improved selection performance in active learning.
Stream-based active learning for sliding windows under the influence of verification latency.Pham, Tuan; Kottke, Daniel; Krempl, Georg; Sick, Bernhard. In Machine Learning, 111(6), bll 2011–2036. Springer, 2022.
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Stream-based active learning (AL) strategies minimize the labeling effort by querying labels that improve the classifier's performance the most. So far, these strategies neglect the fact that an oracle or expert requires time to provide a queried label. We show that existing AL methods deteriorate or even fail under the influence of such verification latency. The problem with these methods is that they estimate a label's utility on the currently available labeled data. However, when this label would arrive, some of the current data may have gotten outdated and new labels have arrived. In this article, we propose to simulate the available data at the time when the label would arrive. Therefore, our method Forgetting and Simulating (FS) forgets outdated information and simulates the delayed labels to get more realistic utility estimates. We assume to know the label's arrival date a priori and the classifier's training data to be bounded by a sliding window. Our extensive experiments show that FS improves stream-based AL strategies in settings with both, constant and variable verification latency.
@article{pham2022stream, abstract = {Stream-based active learning (AL) strategies minimize the labeling effort by querying labels that improve the classifier's performance the most. So far, these strategies neglect the fact that an oracle or expert requires time to provide a queried label. We show that existing AL methods deteriorate or even fail under the influence of such verification latency. The problem with these methods is that they estimate a label's utility on the currently available labeled data. However, when this label would arrive, some of the current data may have gotten outdated and new labels have arrived. In this article, we propose to simulate the available data at the time when the label would arrive. Therefore, our method Forgetting and Simulating (FS) forgets outdated information and simulates the delayed labels to get more realistic utility estimates. We assume to know the label's arrival date a priori and the classifier's training data to be bounded by a sliding window. Our extensive experiments show that FS improves stream-based AL strategies in settings with both, constant and variable verification latency.}, author = {Pham, Tuan and Kottke, Daniel and Krempl, Georg and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {Machine Learning}, keywords = {itegpub}, number = 6, pages = {2011–2036}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Stream-based active learning for sliding windows under the influence of verification latency}, volume = 111, year = 2022 }
%0 Journal Article %1 pham2022stream %A Pham, Tuan %A Kottke, Daniel %A Krempl, Georg %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2022 %I Springer %J Machine Learning %N 6 %P 2011--2036 %R doi.org/10.1007/s10994-021-06099-z %T Stream-based active learning for sliding windows under the influence of verification latency %V 111 %X Stream-based active learning (AL) strategies minimize the labeling effort by querying labels that improve the classifier's performance the most. So far, these strategies neglect the fact that an oracle or expert requires time to provide a queried label. We show that existing AL methods deteriorate or even fail under the influence of such verification latency. The problem with these methods is that they estimate a label's utility on the currently available labeled data. However, when this label would arrive, some of the current data may have gotten outdated and new labels have arrived. In this article, we propose to simulate the available data at the time when the label would arrive. Therefore, our method Forgetting and Simulating (FS) forgets outdated information and simulates the delayed labels to get more realistic utility estimates. We assume to know the label's arrival date a priori and the classifier's training data to be bounded by a sliding window. Our extensive experiments show that FS improves stream-based AL strategies in settings with both, constant and variable verification latency.
Predicting flow stress behavior of an AA7075 alloy using machine learning methods.Decke, Jens; Engelhardt, Anna; Rauch, Lukas; Degener, Sebastian; Sajjadifar, Seyedvahid; Scharifi, Emad; Steinhoff, Kurt; Niendorf, Thomas; Sick, Bernhard. In Crystals, 9(12), bll 1–19. MDPI, 2022.
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This work focuses on the prediction of hot deformation behavior of thermo-mechanically processed precipitation hardenable aluminum alloy AA7075. Data available are focusing on a novel hot forming process at different tool temperatures ranging from 24°C to 350°C to set different cooling rates after solution-heat-treatment. Isothermal uniaxial tensile tests in the temperature range from 200°C to 400°C and at strain rates ranging from 0.001 s^-1 to 0.1 s^-1 were carried out on four different material conditions. The present paper mainly focuses on a comparative study of modeling techniques based on Machine Learning (ML) and the well-known Zerilli-Armstrong model (Z-A) as an empirically based reference. Work focused on predicting single data points of curves that the model was trained on. Due to the novel way data were split with respect to training and testing data, it becomes possible to predict entire stress-strain curves which leads to a reduction in the number of required laboratory experiments, finally saving costs and time in future experiments. While all investigated ML methods showed a higher performance than the Z-A model, the extreme Gradient Boosting model (XGB) showed the superior results, i.e., highest error reduction of 91% with respect to the Mean Squared Error.
@article{decke2022predicting, abstract = {This work focuses on the prediction of hot deformation behavior of thermo-mechanically processed precipitation hardenable aluminum alloy AA7075. Data available are focusing on a novel hot forming process at different tool temperatures ranging from 24°C to 350°C to set different cooling rates after solution-heat-treatment. Isothermal uniaxial tensile tests in the temperature range from 200°C to 400°C and at strain rates ranging from 0.001 s^{-1} to 0.1 s^{-1} were carried out on four different material conditions. The present paper mainly focuses on a comparative study of modeling techniques based on Machine Learning (ML) and the well-known Zerilli-Armstrong model (Z-A) as an empirically based reference. Work focused on predicting single data points of curves that the model was trained on. Due to the novel way data were split with respect to training and testing data, it becomes possible to predict entire stress-strain curves which leads to a reduction in the number of required laboratory experiments, finally saving costs and time in future experiments. While all investigated ML methods showed a higher performance than the Z-A model, the extreme Gradient Boosting model (XGB) showed the superior results, i.e., highest error reduction of 91% with respect to the Mean Squared Error.}, author = {Decke, Jens and Engelhardt, Anna and Rauch, Lukas and Degener, Sebastian and Sajjadifar, Seyedvahid and Scharifi, Emad and Steinhoff, Kurt and Niendorf, Thomas and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {Crystals}, keywords = {itegpub}, number = 12, pages = {1–19}, publisher = {MDPI}, title = {Predicting flow stress behavior of an AA7075 alloy using machine learning methods}, volume = 9, year = 2022 }
%0 Journal Article %1 decke2022predicting %A Decke, Jens %A Engelhardt, Anna %A Rauch, Lukas %A Degener, Sebastian %A Sajjadifar, Seyedvahid %A Scharifi, Emad %A Steinhoff, Kurt %A Niendorf, Thomas %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2022 %I MDPI %J Crystals %N 12 %P 1--19 %R 10.3390/cryst12091281 %T Predicting flow stress behavior of an AA7075 alloy using machine learning methods %U https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/12/9/1281 %V 9 %X This work focuses on the prediction of hot deformation behavior of thermo-mechanically processed precipitation hardenable aluminum alloy AA7075. Data available are focusing on a novel hot forming process at different tool temperatures ranging from 24°C to 350°C to set different cooling rates after solution-heat-treatment. Isothermal uniaxial tensile tests in the temperature range from 200°C to 400°C and at strain rates ranging from 0.001 s^-1 to 0.1 s^-1 were carried out on four different material conditions. The present paper mainly focuses on a comparative study of modeling techniques based on Machine Learning (ML) and the well-known Zerilli-Armstrong model (Z-A) as an empirically based reference. Work focused on predicting single data points of curves that the model was trained on. Due to the novel way data were split with respect to training and testing data, it becomes possible to predict entire stress-strain curves which leads to a reduction in the number of required laboratory experiments, finally saving costs and time in future experiments. While all investigated ML methods showed a higher performance than the Z-A model, the extreme Gradient Boosting model (XGB) showed the superior results, i.e., highest error reduction of 91% with respect to the Mean Squared Error.
Generating Synthetic Time Series for Machine-Learning-Empowered Monitoring of Electric Motor Test Benches.Westmeier, Tobias; Botache, Diego; Bieshaar, Maarten; Sick, Bernhard. In IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA), bll 513–522. IEEE, 2022.
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The development of new electric traction machines is a time-consuming process as it involves intensive testing on motor test benches. Machine-Learning-empowered monitoring offers the opportunity to anticipate costly failures early and hence reducing development time. However, machine learning (ML) for process monitoring requires large amounts of training data, especially as the targeted fault states are scarce and yet diverse in their appearances. Therefore, we propose to use synthetic time series data to leverage the high cost of acquiring training data from experiments in real test benches. In this article, we present a novel scheme to generate synthetic data based on a sub-dimensional time series representation. We introduce a highly flexible model by mapping the data to a latent representation and approximating the latent data distribution by a Gaussian Mixture Model. In addition, we propose the Frechet InceptionTime Distance (FITD) as a new distance measure to evaluate the generated data. It allows extracting characteristics at different scales by using multiple kernel sizes. In this way, we ensure that the synthesized data contains characteristics similar to those present in the real data. In our experiment, we train two types of fault detectors, one based on real data of a motor test bench and the other based on synthetic data. We also consider employing fault-aware conditional architectures to generate training data for different fault types explicitly. Our final results show that using synthesized data in the training process increases the performance in terms of classification accuracy score (CAS) up to 29%.
@inproceedings{westmeier2022generating, abstract = {The development of new electric traction machines is a time-consuming process as it involves intensive testing on motor test benches. Machine-Learning-empowered monitoring offers the opportunity to anticipate costly failures early and hence reducing development time. However, machine learning (ML) for process monitoring requires large amounts of training data, especially as the targeted fault states are scarce and yet diverse in their appearances. Therefore, we propose to use synthetic time series data to leverage the high cost of acquiring training data from experiments in real test benches. In this article, we present a novel scheme to generate synthetic data based on a sub-dimensional time series representation. We introduce a highly flexible model by mapping the data to a latent representation and approximating the latent data distribution by a Gaussian Mixture Model. In addition, we propose the Frechet InceptionTime Distance (FITD) as a new distance measure to evaluate the generated data. It allows extracting characteristics at different scales by using multiple kernel sizes. In this way, we ensure that the synthesized data contains characteristics similar to those present in the real data. In our experiment, we train two types of fault detectors, one based on real data of a motor test bench and the other based on synthetic data. We also consider employing fault-aware conditional architectures to generate training data for different fault types explicitly. Our final results show that using synthesized data in the training process increases the performance in terms of classification accuracy score (CAS) up to 29%.}, author = {Westmeier, Tobias and Botache, Diego and Bieshaar, Maarten and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA)}, keywords = {Variational-Autoencoder}, pages = {513–522}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Generating Synthetic Time Series for Machine-Learning-Empowered Monitoring of Electric Motor Test Benches}, year = 2022 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 westmeier2022generating %A Westmeier, Tobias %A Botache, Diego %A Bieshaar, Maarten %A Sick, Bernhard %B IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA) %D 2022 %I IEEE %P 513--522 %R 10.1109/DSAA54385.2022.10032385 %T Generating Synthetic Time Series for Machine-Learning-Empowered Monitoring of Electric Motor Test Benches %U https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10032385 %X The development of new electric traction machines is a time-consuming process as it involves intensive testing on motor test benches. Machine-Learning-empowered monitoring offers the opportunity to anticipate costly failures early and hence reducing development time. However, machine learning (ML) for process monitoring requires large amounts of training data, especially as the targeted fault states are scarce and yet diverse in their appearances. Therefore, we propose to use synthetic time series data to leverage the high cost of acquiring training data from experiments in real test benches. In this article, we present a novel scheme to generate synthetic data based on a sub-dimensional time series representation. We introduce a highly flexible model by mapping the data to a latent representation and approximating the latent data distribution by a Gaussian Mixture Model. In addition, we propose the Frechet InceptionTime Distance (FITD) as a new distance measure to evaluate the generated data. It allows extracting characteristics at different scales by using multiple kernel sizes. In this way, we ensure that the synthesized data contains characteristics similar to those present in the real data. In our experiment, we train two types of fault detectors, one based on real data of a motor test bench and the other based on synthetic data. We also consider employing fault-aware conditional architectures to generate training data for different fault types explicitly. Our final results show that using synthesized data in the training process increases the performance in terms of classification accuracy score (CAS) up to 29%.
Proactive hybrid learning and optimisation in self-adaptive systems: The swarm-fleet infrastructure scenario.Krupitzer, Christian; Gruhl, Christian; Sick, Bernhard; Tomforde, Sven. In Information and Software Technology, 145, bl 106826. Elsevier, 2022.
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Context: Smart and adaptive Systems, such as self-adaptive and self-organising (SASO) systems, typically consist of a large set of highly autonomous and heterogeneous subsystems that are able to adapt their behaviour to the requirements of ever-changing, dynamic environments. Their successful operation is based on appropriate modelling of the internal and external conditions. Objective: The control problem for establishing a near-to-optimal coordinated behaviour of systems with multiple, potentially conflicting objectives is either approached in a distributed (i.e., fully autonomous by the autonomous subsystems) or in a centralised way (i.e. one instance controlling the optimisation and planning process). In the distributed approach, selfish behaviour and being limited to local knowledge may lead to sub-optimal system behaviour, while the centralised approach ignores the autonomy and the coordination efforts of parts of the system. Method: In this article, we present a concept for a hybrid (i.e., integrating a central optimisation with a distributed decision-making process) system management that combines local reinforcement learning and self-awareness mechanisms of fully autonomous subsystems with external system-wide planning and optimisation of adaptation freedom that steers the behaviour dynamically by issuing plans and guidelines augmented with incentivisation schemes. Results: This work addresses the inherent uncertainty of the dynamic system behaviour, the local autonomous and context-aware learning of subsystems, and proactive control based on adaptiveness. We provide the ‘swarm-fleet infrastructure’—a self-organised taxi service established by autonomous, privately-owned cars—as a testbed for structured comparison of systems. Conclusion: The ‘swarm-fleet infrastructure’ supports the advantages of a proactive hybrid self-adaptive and self-organising system operation. Further, we provide a system model to combine the system-wide optimisation while ensuring local decision-making through reinforcement learning for individualised configurations.
@article{krupitzer2022proactive, abstract = {Context: Smart and adaptive Systems, such as self-adaptive and self-organising (SASO) systems, typically consist of a large set of highly autonomous and heterogeneous subsystems that are able to adapt their behaviour to the requirements of ever-changing, dynamic environments. Their successful operation is based on appropriate modelling of the internal and external conditions. Objective: The control problem for establishing a near-to-optimal coordinated behaviour of systems with multiple, potentially conflicting objectives is either approached in a distributed (i.e., fully autonomous by the autonomous subsystems) or in a centralised way (i.e. one instance controlling the optimisation and planning process). In the distributed approach, selfish behaviour and being limited to local knowledge may lead to sub-optimal system behaviour, while the centralised approach ignores the autonomy and the coordination efforts of parts of the system. Method: In this article, we present a concept for a hybrid (i.e., integrating a central optimisation with a distributed decision-making process) system management that combines local reinforcement learning and self-awareness mechanisms of fully autonomous subsystems with external system-wide planning and optimisation of adaptation freedom that steers the behaviour dynamically by issuing plans and guidelines augmented with incentivisation schemes. Results: This work addresses the inherent uncertainty of the dynamic system behaviour, the local autonomous and context-aware learning of subsystems, and proactive control based on adaptiveness. We provide the ‘swarm-fleet infrastructure’—a self-organised taxi service established by autonomous, privately-owned cars—as a testbed for structured comparison of systems. Conclusion: The ‘swarm-fleet infrastructure’ supports the advantages of a proactive hybrid self-adaptive and self-organising system operation. Further, we provide a system model to combine the system-wide optimisation while ensuring local decision-making through reinforcement learning for individualised configurations.}, author = {Krupitzer, Christian and Gruhl, Christian and Sick, Bernhard and Tomforde, Sven}, journal = {Information and Software Technology}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = 106826, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {Proactive hybrid learning and optimisation in self-adaptive systems: The swarm-fleet infrastructure scenario}, volume = 145, year = 2022 }
%0 Journal Article %1 krupitzer2022proactive %A Krupitzer, Christian %A Gruhl, Christian %A Sick, Bernhard %A Tomforde, Sven %D 2022 %I Elsevier %J Information and Software Technology %P 106826 %R 10.1016/j.infsof.2022.106826 %T Proactive hybrid learning and optimisation in self-adaptive systems: The swarm-fleet infrastructure scenario %U https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0950584922000052 %V 145 %X Context: Smart and adaptive Systems, such as self-adaptive and self-organising (SASO) systems, typically consist of a large set of highly autonomous and heterogeneous subsystems that are able to adapt their behaviour to the requirements of ever-changing, dynamic environments. Their successful operation is based on appropriate modelling of the internal and external conditions. Objective: The control problem for establishing a near-to-optimal coordinated behaviour of systems with multiple, potentially conflicting objectives is either approached in a distributed (i.e., fully autonomous by the autonomous subsystems) or in a centralised way (i.e. one instance controlling the optimisation and planning process). In the distributed approach, selfish behaviour and being limited to local knowledge may lead to sub-optimal system behaviour, while the centralised approach ignores the autonomy and the coordination efforts of parts of the system. Method: In this article, we present a concept for a hybrid (i.e., integrating a central optimisation with a distributed decision-making process) system management that combines local reinforcement learning and self-awareness mechanisms of fully autonomous subsystems with external system-wide planning and optimisation of adaptation freedom that steers the behaviour dynamically by issuing plans and guidelines augmented with incentivisation schemes. Results: This work addresses the inherent uncertainty of the dynamic system behaviour, the local autonomous and context-aware learning of subsystems, and proactive control based on adaptiveness. We provide the ‘swarm-fleet infrastructure’—a self-organised taxi service established by autonomous, privately-owned cars—as a testbed for structured comparison of systems. Conclusion: The ‘swarm-fleet infrastructure’ supports the advantages of a proactive hybrid self-adaptive and self-organising system operation. Further, we provide a system model to combine the system-wide optimisation while ensuring local decision-making through reinforcement learning for individualised configurations.
Optimizing a superconducting radio-frequency gun using deep reinforcement learning.Meier, David; Ramirez, Luis Vera; Völker, Jens; Viefhaus, Jens; Sick, Bernhard; Hartmann, Gregor. In Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, 25(10), bl 104604. American Physical Society, 2022.
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Superconducting photoelectron injectors are promising for generating highly brilliant pulsed electron beams with high repetition rates and low emittances. Experiments such as ultrafast electron diffraction, experiments at the Terahertz scale, and energy recovery linac applications require such properties. However, optimizing the beam properties is challenging due to the high number of possible machine parameter combinations. This article shows the successful automated optimization of beam properties utilizing an already existing simulation model. To reduce the required computation time, we replace the costly simulation with a faster approximation with a neural network. For optimization, we propose a reinforcement learning approach leveraging the simple computation of the derivative of the approximation. We prove that our approach outperforms standard optimization methods for the required function evaluations given a defined minimum accuracy.
@article{meier2022optimizing, abstract = {Superconducting photoelectron injectors are promising for generating highly brilliant pulsed electron beams with high repetition rates and low emittances. Experiments such as ultrafast electron diffraction, experiments at the Terahertz scale, and energy recovery linac applications require such properties. However, optimizing the beam properties is challenging due to the high number of possible machine parameter combinations. This article shows the successful automated optimization of beam properties utilizing an already existing simulation model. To reduce the required computation time, we replace the costly simulation with a faster approximation with a neural network. For optimization, we propose a reinforcement learning approach leveraging the simple computation of the derivative of the approximation. We prove that our approach outperforms standard optimization methods for the required function evaluations given a defined minimum accuracy.}, author = {Meier, David and Ramirez, Luis Vera and Völker, Jens and Viefhaus, Jens and Sick, Bernhard and Hartmann, Gregor}, journal = {Physical Review Accelerators and Beams}, keywords = {SimulationTechniques}, number = 10, pages = 104604, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {Optimizing a superconducting radio-frequency gun using deep reinforcement learning}, volume = 25, year = 2022 }
%0 Journal Article %1 meier2022optimizing %A Meier, David %A Ramirez, Luis Vera %A Völker, Jens %A Viefhaus, Jens %A Sick, Bernhard %A Hartmann, Gregor %D 2022 %I American Physical Society %J Physical Review Accelerators and Beams %N 10 %P 104604 %R 10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.25.104604 %T Optimizing a superconducting radio-frequency gun using deep reinforcement learning %U https://journals.aps.org/prab/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.25.104604 %V 25 %X Superconducting photoelectron injectors are promising for generating highly brilliant pulsed electron beams with high repetition rates and low emittances. Experiments such as ultrafast electron diffraction, experiments at the Terahertz scale, and energy recovery linac applications require such properties. However, optimizing the beam properties is challenging due to the high number of possible machine parameter combinations. This article shows the successful automated optimization of beam properties utilizing an already existing simulation model. To reduce the required computation time, we replace the costly simulation with a faster approximation with a neural network. For optimization, we propose a reinforcement learning approach leveraging the simple computation of the derivative of the approximation. We prove that our approach outperforms standard optimization methods for the required function evaluations given a defined minimum accuracy.
Social Machines.Draude, Claude; Gruhl, Christian; Hornung, Gerrit; Kropf, Jonathan; Lamla, Jörn; Leimeister, Jan Marco; Sick, Bernhard; Stumme, Gerd. In Informatik Spektrum, 45(1), bll 38–42. Springer, 2022.
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Social Machines sind ein Paradigma für die Gestaltung soziotechnischer Systeme, die unter Verwendung von Web- und Plattformlösungen das Potenzial digitaler Technologien mit der Eigenlogik sozialer Interaktion, Organisation und Struk- turbildung auf neue Weise zusammenführen. Im Folgenden diskutieren wir das Paradigma der Social Machine aus den Perspektiven der Informatik, der Wirtschaftsinformatik, der Soziologie und des Rechts, um Orientierungspunkte für seine Gestaltung zu identifizieren. Der Begriff ist in der Literatur jedoch bisher nicht abschließend definiert sondern nur durch Beispiele illustriert. In diesem Artikel stellen wir zunächst die folgende Definition zur Diskussion: Social Machines sind soziotechnische Sys- teme, in denen die Prozesse sozialer Interaktion hybrid zwischen menschlichen und maschinellen Akteuren ablaufen und teilweise algorithmisiert sind. Im Anschluss beleuchten wir drei aktuelle, sich gegenseitig bedingende Entwicklungen von Social Machines: die immer stärkere Verschmelzung von Sozialität und Maschine, die Vermessung von Nutzeraktivitäten als Grundstoff gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalts und die zunehmende Algorithmisierung gesellschaftlicher Prozesse. Ab- schließend diskutieren wir, dass eine teilhabeorientierte, demokratischen Werten folgende Gestaltung von Social Machines die Perspektiven der Nutzungsakzeptanz, der gesellschaftlichen Akzeptabilität und der nachhaltigen Wirtschaftlichkeit adressieren und umsetzen muss.
@article{draude2022social, abstract = {Social Machines sind ein Paradigma für die Gestaltung soziotechnischer Systeme, die unter Verwendung von Web- und Plattformlösungen das Potenzial digitaler Technologien mit der Eigenlogik sozialer Interaktion, Organisation und Struk- turbildung auf neue Weise zusammenführen. Im Folgenden diskutieren wir das Paradigma der Social Machine aus den Perspektiven der Informatik, der Wirtschaftsinformatik, der Soziologie und des Rechts, um Orientierungspunkte für seine Gestaltung zu identifizieren. Der Begriff ist in der Literatur jedoch bisher nicht abschließend definiert sondern nur durch Beispiele illustriert. In diesem Artikel stellen wir zunächst die folgende Definition zur Diskussion: Social Machines sind soziotechnische Sys- teme, in denen die Prozesse sozialer Interaktion hybrid zwischen menschlichen und maschinellen Akteuren ablaufen und teilweise algorithmisiert sind. Im Anschluss beleuchten wir drei aktuelle, sich gegenseitig bedingende Entwicklungen von Social Machines: die immer stärkere Verschmelzung von Sozialität und Maschine, die Vermessung von Nutzeraktivitäten als Grundstoff gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalts und die zunehmende Algorithmisierung gesellschaftlicher Prozesse. Ab- schließend diskutieren wir, dass eine teilhabeorientierte, demokratischen Werten folgende Gestaltung von Social Machines die Perspektiven der Nutzungsakzeptanz, der gesellschaftlichen Akzeptabilität und der nachhaltigen Wirtschaftlichkeit adressieren und umsetzen muss.}, author = {Draude, Claude and Gruhl, Christian and Hornung, Gerrit and Kropf, Jonathan and Lamla, Jörn and Leimeister, Jan Marco and Sick, Bernhard and Stumme, Gerd}, journal = {Informatik Spektrum}, keywords = {itegpub}, number = 1, pages = {38–42}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Social Machines}, volume = 45, year = 2022 }
%0 Journal Article %1 draude2022social %A Draude, Claude %A Gruhl, Christian %A Hornung, Gerrit %A Kropf, Jonathan %A Lamla, Jörn %A Leimeister, Jan Marco %A Sick, Bernhard %A Stumme, Gerd %D 2022 %I Springer %J Informatik Spektrum %N 1 %P 38--42 %R https://doi.org/10.1007/s00287-021-01421-4 %T Social Machines %V 45 %X Social Machines sind ein Paradigma für die Gestaltung soziotechnischer Systeme, die unter Verwendung von Web- und Plattformlösungen das Potenzial digitaler Technologien mit der Eigenlogik sozialer Interaktion, Organisation und Struk- turbildung auf neue Weise zusammenführen. Im Folgenden diskutieren wir das Paradigma der Social Machine aus den Perspektiven der Informatik, der Wirtschaftsinformatik, der Soziologie und des Rechts, um Orientierungspunkte für seine Gestaltung zu identifizieren. Der Begriff ist in der Literatur jedoch bisher nicht abschließend definiert sondern nur durch Beispiele illustriert. In diesem Artikel stellen wir zunächst die folgende Definition zur Diskussion: Social Machines sind soziotechnische Sys- teme, in denen die Prozesse sozialer Interaktion hybrid zwischen menschlichen und maschinellen Akteuren ablaufen und teilweise algorithmisiert sind. Im Anschluss beleuchten wir drei aktuelle, sich gegenseitig bedingende Entwicklungen von Social Machines: die immer stärkere Verschmelzung von Sozialität und Maschine, die Vermessung von Nutzeraktivitäten als Grundstoff gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalts und die zunehmende Algorithmisierung gesellschaftlicher Prozesse. Ab- schließend diskutieren wir, dass eine teilhabeorientierte, demokratischen Werten folgende Gestaltung von Social Machines die Perspektiven der Nutzungsakzeptanz, der gesellschaftlichen Akzeptabilität und der nachhaltigen Wirtschaftlichkeit adressieren und umsetzen muss.
Self-Aware Microsystems.Gruhl, Christian; Tomforde, Sven; Sick, Bernhard. In Workshop on Self-Improving System Integration (SISSY), ACSOS, bll 126–127. IEEE, 2022.
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Besides infrastructure-based solutions, small-scale microsystems are increasingly connected and interoperating with others in changing environments. Following the same motivation as for self-adaptive systems, this demands novel attempts to counter complexity and provide autonomous decision freedom that paves the path towards resilient and flexible behaviour. In this article, we outline a vision for research on self-aware microsystems (SAM) that aims at providing technical solutions that are especially relevant for initiatives such as self-improving system integration.
@inproceedings{gruhl2022self, abstract = {Besides infrastructure-based solutions, small-scale microsystems are increasingly connected and interoperating with others in changing environments. Following the same motivation as for self-adaptive systems, this demands novel attempts to counter complexity and provide autonomous decision freedom that paves the path towards resilient and flexible behaviour. In this article, we outline a vision for research on self-aware microsystems (SAM) that aims at providing technical solutions that are especially relevant for initiatives such as self-improving system integration.}, author = {Gruhl, Christian and Tomforde, Sven and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Workshop on Self-Improving System Integration (SISSY), ACSOS}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {126–127}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Self-Aware Microsystems}, year = 2022 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 gruhl2022self %A Gruhl, Christian %A Tomforde, Sven %A Sick, Bernhard %B Workshop on Self-Improving System Integration (SISSY), ACSOS %D 2022 %I IEEE %P 126--127 %R 10.1109/ACSOSC56246.2022.00045 %T Self-Aware Microsystems %U https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9934876/ %X Besides infrastructure-based solutions, small-scale microsystems are increasingly connected and interoperating with others in changing environments. Following the same motivation as for self-adaptive systems, this demands novel attempts to counter complexity and provide autonomous decision freedom that paves the path towards resilient and flexible behaviour. In this article, we outline a vision for research on self-aware microsystems (SAM) that aims at providing technical solutions that are especially relevant for initiatives such as self-improving system integration.
Three-dimensional close-to-substrate trajectories of magnetic microparticles in dynamically changing magnetic field landscapes.Huhnstock, Rico; Reginka, Meike; Sonntag, Claudius; Merkel, Maximilian; Dingel, Kristina; Sick, Bernhard; Vogel, Michael; Ehresmann, Arno. In Scientific Reports, 12(1), bll 1–10. Springer Nature, 2022.
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The transport of magnetic particles (MPs) by dynamic magnetic field landscapes (MFLs) using magnetically patterned substrates is promising for the development of Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems. The inherent close-to-substrate MP motion is sensitive to changing particle–substrate interactions. Thus, the detection of a modified particle–substrate separation distance caused by surface binding of an analyte is expected to be a promising probe in analytics and diagnostics. Here, we present an essential prerequisite for such an application, namely the label-free quantitative experimental determination of the three-dimensional trajectories of superparamagnetic particles (SPPs) transported by a dynamically changing MFL. The evaluation of defocused SPP images from optical bright-field microscopy revealed a “hopping”-like motion of the magnetic particles, previously predicted by theory, additionally allowing a quantification of maximum jump heights. As our findings pave the way towards precise determination of particle–substrate separations, they bear deep implications for future LOC detection schemes using only optical microscopy.
@article{huhnstock2022three, abstract = {The transport of magnetic particles (MPs) by dynamic magnetic field landscapes (MFLs) using magnetically patterned substrates is promising for the development of Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems. The inherent close-to-substrate MP motion is sensitive to changing particle–substrate interactions. Thus, the detection of a modified particle–substrate separation distance caused by surface binding of an analyte is expected to be a promising probe in analytics and diagnostics. Here, we present an essential prerequisite for such an application, namely the label-free quantitative experimental determination of the three-dimensional trajectories of superparamagnetic particles (SPPs) transported by a dynamically changing MFL. The evaluation of defocused SPP images from optical bright-field microscopy revealed a “hopping”-like motion of the magnetic particles, previously predicted by theory, additionally allowing a quantification of maximum jump heights. As our findings pave the way towards precise determination of particle–substrate separations, they bear deep implications for future LOC detection schemes using only optical microscopy.}, author = {Huhnstock, Rico and Reginka, Meike and Sonntag, Claudius and Merkel, Maximilian and Dingel, Kristina and Sick, Bernhard and Vogel, Michael and Ehresmann, Arno}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, keywords = {itegpub}, number = 1, pages = {1–10}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {Three-dimensional close-to-substrate trajectories of magnetic microparticles in dynamically changing magnetic field landscapes}, volume = 12, year = 2022 }
%0 Journal Article %1 huhnstock2022three %A Huhnstock, Rico %A Reginka, Meike %A Sonntag, Claudius %A Merkel, Maximilian %A Dingel, Kristina %A Sick, Bernhard %A Vogel, Michael %A Ehresmann, Arno %D 2022 %I Springer Nature %J Scientific Reports %N 1 %P 1--10 %R 10.1038/s41598-022-25391-z %T Three-dimensional close-to-substrate trajectories of magnetic microparticles in dynamically changing magnetic field landscapes %U https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-25391-z %V 12 %X The transport of magnetic particles (MPs) by dynamic magnetic field landscapes (MFLs) using magnetically patterned substrates is promising for the development of Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems. The inherent close-to-substrate MP motion is sensitive to changing particle–substrate interactions. Thus, the detection of a modified particle–substrate separation distance caused by surface binding of an analyte is expected to be a promising probe in analytics and diagnostics. Here, we present an essential prerequisite for such an application, namely the label-free quantitative experimental determination of the three-dimensional trajectories of superparamagnetic particles (SPPs) transported by a dynamically changing MFL. The evaluation of defocused SPP images from optical bright-field microscopy revealed a “hopping”-like motion of the magnetic particles, previously predicted by theory, additionally allowing a quantification of maximum jump heights. As our findings pave the way towards precise determination of particle–substrate separations, they bear deep implications for future LOC detection schemes using only optical microscopy.
Multi-Task Autoencoders and Transfer Learning for Day-Ahead Wind and Photovoltaic Power Forecasts.Schreiber, Jens; Sick, Bernhard. In Energies, 15(21), bl 8062. MDPI, 2022.
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Integrating new renewable energy resources requires robust and reliable forecasts to ensure a stable electrical grid and avoid blackouts. Sophisticated representation learning techniques, such as autoencoders, play an essential role, as they allow for the extraction of latent features to forecast the expected generated wind and photovoltaic power for the next seconds up to days. Thereby, autoencoders reduce the required training time and the time spent in manual feature engineering and often improve the forecast error. However, most current renewable energy forecasting research on autoencoders focuses on smaller forecast horizons for the following seconds and hours based on meteorological measurements. At the same time, larger forecast horizons, such as day-ahead power forecasts based on numerical weather predictions, are crucial for planning loads and demands within the electrical grid to prevent power failures. There is little evidence on the ability of autoencoders and their respective forecasting models to improve through multi-task learning and time series autoencoders for day-ahead power forecasts. We can close these gaps by proposing a multi-task learning autoencoder based on the recently introduced temporal convolution network. This approach reduces the number of trainable parameters by 38 for photovoltaic data and 202 for wind data while having the best reconstruction error compared to nine other representation learning techniques. At the same time, this model decreases the day-ahead forecast error up to 18.3% for photovoltaic parks and 1.5% for wind parks. We round off these results by analyzing the influences of the latent size and the number of layers to fine-tune the encoder for wind and photovoltaic power forecasts.
@article{schreiber2022multi, abstract = {Integrating new renewable energy resources requires robust and reliable forecasts to ensure a stable electrical grid and avoid blackouts. Sophisticated representation learning techniques, such as autoencoders, play an essential role, as they allow for the extraction of latent features to forecast the expected generated wind and photovoltaic power for the next seconds up to days. Thereby, autoencoders reduce the required training time and the time spent in manual feature engineering and often improve the forecast error. However, most current renewable energy forecasting research on autoencoders focuses on smaller forecast horizons for the following seconds and hours based on meteorological measurements. At the same time, larger forecast horizons, such as day-ahead power forecasts based on numerical weather predictions, are crucial for planning loads and demands within the electrical grid to prevent power failures. There is little evidence on the ability of autoencoders and their respective forecasting models to improve through multi-task learning and time series autoencoders for day-ahead power forecasts. We can close these gaps by proposing a multi-task learning autoencoder based on the recently introduced temporal convolution network. This approach reduces the number of trainable parameters by 38 for photovoltaic data and 202 for wind data while having the best reconstruction error compared to nine other representation learning techniques. At the same time, this model decreases the day-ahead forecast error up to 18.3% for photovoltaic parks and 1.5% for wind parks. We round off these results by analyzing the influences of the latent size and the number of layers to fine-tune the encoder for wind and photovoltaic power forecasts.}, author = {Schreiber, Jens and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {Energies}, keywords = {itegpub}, number = 21, pages = 8062, publisher = {MDPI}, title = {Multi-Task Autoencoders and Transfer Learning for Day-Ahead Wind and Photovoltaic Power Forecasts}, volume = 15, year = 2022 }
%0 Journal Article %1 schreiber2022multi %A Schreiber, Jens %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2022 %I MDPI %J Energies %N 21 %P 8062 %R 10.3390/en15218062 %T Multi-Task Autoencoders and Transfer Learning for Day-Ahead Wind and Photovoltaic Power Forecasts %V 15 %X Integrating new renewable energy resources requires robust and reliable forecasts to ensure a stable electrical grid and avoid blackouts. Sophisticated representation learning techniques, such as autoencoders, play an essential role, as they allow for the extraction of latent features to forecast the expected generated wind and photovoltaic power for the next seconds up to days. Thereby, autoencoders reduce the required training time and the time spent in manual feature engineering and often improve the forecast error. However, most current renewable energy forecasting research on autoencoders focuses on smaller forecast horizons for the following seconds and hours based on meteorological measurements. At the same time, larger forecast horizons, such as day-ahead power forecasts based on numerical weather predictions, are crucial for planning loads and demands within the electrical grid to prevent power failures. There is little evidence on the ability of autoencoders and their respective forecasting models to improve through multi-task learning and time series autoencoders for day-ahead power forecasts. We can close these gaps by proposing a multi-task learning autoencoder based on the recently introduced temporal convolution network. This approach reduces the number of trainable parameters by 38 for photovoltaic data and 202 for wind data while having the best reconstruction error compared to nine other representation learning techniques. At the same time, this model decreases the day-ahead forecast error up to 18.3% for photovoltaic parks and 1.5% for wind parks. We round off these results by analyzing the influences of the latent size and the number of layers to fine-tune the encoder for wind and photovoltaic power forecasts.
Pose and Semantic Map Based Probabilistic Forecast of Vulnerable Road Users Trajectories.Kress, Viktor; Jeske, Fabian; Zernetsch, Stefan; Doll, Konrad; Sick, Bernhard. In IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, 8(3), bll 2592–2603. IEEE, 2022.
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In this article, an approach for probabilistic trajectory forecasting of vulnerable road users (VRUs) is presented, taking into consideration past movements and the surrounding environment. Past movements are represented by 3D poses reflecting the posture and movements of individual body parts. The surrounding environment is modeled in the form of semantic maps showing, e.g., the course of streets, sidewalks, and the occurrence of obstacles. Forecasts are generated in grids discretizing the space and in the form of arbitrary discrete probability distributions. The distributions are evaluated for their reliability, sharpness, and positional accuracy. We compare our method with two approaches providing forecasts in the form of continuous probability distributions, and we discuss their respective advantages and disadvantages. We thereby investigate the impact of poses and semantic maps. Using a technique we refer to as spatial label smoothing, our approach is able to achieve reliable forecasts. Overall, the 3D poses have a positive impact on the forecasts. The semantic maps facilitate the adaptation of the probability distributions to the individual situation and prevent forecasts of trajectories leading through obstacles. Our method is evaluated on a dataset recorded in inner-city traffic using a research vehicle. The dataset has been made publicly available.
@article{kress2022pose, abstract = {In this article, an approach for probabilistic trajectory forecasting of vulnerable road users (VRUs) is presented, taking into consideration past movements and the surrounding environment. Past movements are represented by 3D poses reflecting the posture and movements of individual body parts. The surrounding environment is modeled in the form of semantic maps showing, e.g., the course of streets, sidewalks, and the occurrence of obstacles. Forecasts are generated in grids discretizing the space and in the form of arbitrary discrete probability distributions. The distributions are evaluated for their reliability, sharpness, and positional accuracy. We compare our method with two approaches providing forecasts in the form of continuous probability distributions, and we discuss their respective advantages and disadvantages. We thereby investigate the impact of poses and semantic maps. Using a technique we refer to as spatial label smoothing, our approach is able to achieve reliable forecasts. Overall, the 3D poses have a positive impact on the forecasts. The semantic maps facilitate the adaptation of the probability distributions to the individual situation and prevent forecasts of trajectories leading through obstacles. Our method is evaluated on a dataset recorded in inner-city traffic using a research vehicle. The dataset has been made publicly available.}, author = {Kress, Viktor and Jeske, Fabian and Zernetsch, Stefan and Doll, Konrad and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles}, keywords = {itegpub}, number = 3, pages = {2592–2603}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Pose and Semantic Map Based Probabilistic Forecast of Vulnerable Road Users Trajectories}, volume = 8, year = 2022 }
%0 Journal Article %1 kress2022pose %A Kress, Viktor %A Jeske, Fabian %A Zernetsch, Stefan %A Doll, Konrad %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2022 %I IEEE %J IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles %N 3 %P 2592--2603 %R 10.1109/TIV.2022.3149624 %T Pose and Semantic Map Based Probabilistic Forecast of Vulnerable Road Users Trajectories %V 8 %X In this article, an approach for probabilistic trajectory forecasting of vulnerable road users (VRUs) is presented, taking into consideration past movements and the surrounding environment. Past movements are represented by 3D poses reflecting the posture and movements of individual body parts. The surrounding environment is modeled in the form of semantic maps showing, e.g., the course of streets, sidewalks, and the occurrence of obstacles. Forecasts are generated in grids discretizing the space and in the form of arbitrary discrete probability distributions. The distributions are evaluated for their reliability, sharpness, and positional accuracy. We compare our method with two approaches providing forecasts in the form of continuous probability distributions, and we discuss their respective advantages and disadvantages. We thereby investigate the impact of poses and semantic maps. Using a technique we refer to as spatial label smoothing, our approach is able to achieve reliable forecasts. Overall, the 3D poses have a positive impact on the forecasts. The semantic maps facilitate the adaptation of the probability distributions to the individual situation and prevent forecasts of trajectories leading through obstacles. Our method is evaluated on a dataset recorded in inner-city traffic using a research vehicle. The dataset has been made publicly available.
Design of Explainability Module with Experts in the Loop for Visualization and Dynamic Adjustment of Continual Learning.He, Yujiang; Huang, Zhixin; Sick, Bernhard. In Workshop on Interactive Machine Learning Workshop (IMLW), AAAI, bll 1–6. 2022.
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Continual learning can enable neural networks to evolve by learning new tasks sequentially in task-changing scenarios. However, two general challenges should be overcome in further research before we apply this technique to real-world applications. Firstly, newly collected novelties from the data stream in applications could contain anomalies that are meaningless for continual learning. Instead of viewing them as a new task for updating, we have to filter out such anomalies to reduce the disturbance of extremely high-entropy data for the progression of convergence. Secondly, fewer efforts have been put into research regarding the explainability of continual learning, which leads to a lack of transparency and credibility of the updated neural networks. Elaborated explanations about the process and result of continual learning can help experts in judgment and making decisions. Therefore, we propose the conceptual design of an explainability module with experts in the loop based on techniques, such as dimension reduction, visualization, and evaluation strategies. This work aims to overcome the mentioned challenges by sufficiently explaining and visualizing the identified anomalies and the updated neural network. With the help of this module, experts can be more confident in decision-making regarding anomaly filtering, dynamic adjustment of hyperparameters, data backup, etc.
@inproceedings{he2022design, abstract = {Continual learning can enable neural networks to evolve by learning new tasks sequentially in task-changing scenarios. However, two general challenges should be overcome in further research before we apply this technique to real-world applications. Firstly, newly collected novelties from the data stream in applications could contain anomalies that are meaningless for continual learning. Instead of viewing them as a new task for updating, we have to filter out such anomalies to reduce the disturbance of extremely high-entropy data for the progression of convergence. Secondly, fewer efforts have been put into research regarding the explainability of continual learning, which leads to a lack of transparency and credibility of the updated neural networks. Elaborated explanations about the process and result of continual learning can help experts in judgment and making decisions. Therefore, we propose the conceptual design of an explainability module with experts in the loop based on techniques, such as dimension reduction, visualization, and evaluation strategies. This work aims to overcome the mentioned challenges by sufficiently explaining and visualizing the identified anomalies and the updated neural network. With the help of this module, experts can be more confident in decision-making regarding anomaly filtering, dynamic adjustment of hyperparameters, data backup, etc.}, author = {He, Yujiang and Huang, Zhixin and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Workshop on Interactive Machine Learning Workshop (IMLW), AAAI}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {1–6}, title = {Design of Explainability Module with Experts in the Loop for Visualization and Dynamic Adjustment of Continual Learning}, year = 2022 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 he2022design %A He, Yujiang %A Huang, Zhixin %A Sick, Bernhard %B Workshop on Interactive Machine Learning Workshop (IMLW), AAAI %D 2022 %P 1--6 %T Design of Explainability Module with Experts in the Loop for Visualization and Dynamic Adjustment of Continual Learning %U https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.06781 %X Continual learning can enable neural networks to evolve by learning new tasks sequentially in task-changing scenarios. However, two general challenges should be overcome in further research before we apply this technique to real-world applications. Firstly, newly collected novelties from the data stream in applications could contain anomalies that are meaningless for continual learning. Instead of viewing them as a new task for updating, we have to filter out such anomalies to reduce the disturbance of extremely high-entropy data for the progression of convergence. Secondly, fewer efforts have been put into research regarding the explainability of continual learning, which leads to a lack of transparency and credibility of the updated neural networks. Elaborated explanations about the process and result of continual learning can help experts in judgment and making decisions. Therefore, we propose the conceptual design of an explainability module with experts in the loop based on techniques, such as dimension reduction, visualization, and evaluation strategies. This work aims to overcome the mentioned challenges by sufficiently explaining and visualizing the identified anomalies and the updated neural network. With the help of this module, experts can be more confident in decision-making regarding anomaly filtering, dynamic adjustment of hyperparameters, data backup, etc.
Unified Autoencoder with Task Embeddings for Multi-Task Learning in Renewable Power Forecasting.Nivarthi, Chandana Priya; Vogt, Stephan; Sick, Bernhard. In International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA), bll 1530–1536. IEEE, 2022.
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Renewable power generation forecasts using machine learning are typically implemented as single-task learning models, where a separate model is trained for each photovoltaic or wind park. In recent years, transfer learning is gaining popularity in these systems, as it can be used to transfer the knowledge gained from source parks to a target park. However, for transferring the knowledge to a target park, there is a need to determine the most similar source park(s) among the existing parks. This similarity determination using historical power measurements is challenging when the target park has limited to no historical data samples. Therefore, we propose a simple multi-task learning architecture that initially learns a common representation of input weather features among the tasks, using a Unified Autoencoder (UAE) and then learns the task specific information utilizing a Task Embedding layer in a Neural Network (TENN). This proposed architecture, UAE-TENN, can be easily extended to new parks with or without historical data. An elaborate performance comparison of single and multi-task learning models is performed on six photovoltaic and wind farm datasets comprising a total of 529 parks. UAE-TENN significantly improves the performance of power forecasting by 10 to 19% for photovoltaic parks and 5 to 22% for wind parks compared to the baseline models. Even in the zero-shot learning scenario, when there is no historical data, we successfully demonstrate that the UAE-TENN improves the forecast accuracy for a new park by 19% for photovoltaic parks.
@inproceedings{nivarthi2022unified, abstract = {Renewable power generation forecasts using machine learning are typically implemented as single-task learning models, where a separate model is trained for each photovoltaic or wind park. In recent years, transfer learning is gaining popularity in these systems, as it can be used to transfer the knowledge gained from source parks to a target park. However, for transferring the knowledge to a target park, there is a need to determine the most similar source park(s) among the existing parks. This similarity determination using historical power measurements is challenging when the target park has limited to no historical data samples. Therefore, we propose a simple multi-task learning architecture that initially learns a common representation of input weather features among the tasks, using a Unified Autoencoder (UAE) and then learns the task specific information utilizing a Task Embedding layer in a Neural Network (TENN). This proposed architecture, UAE-TENN, can be easily extended to new parks with or without historical data. An elaborate performance comparison of single and multi-task learning models is performed on six photovoltaic and wind farm datasets comprising a total of 529 parks. UAE-TENN significantly improves the performance of power forecasting by 10 to 19% for photovoltaic parks and 5 to 22% for wind parks compared to the baseline models. Even in the zero-shot learning scenario, when there is no historical data, we successfully demonstrate that the UAE-TENN improves the forecast accuracy for a new park by 19% for photovoltaic parks.}, author = {Nivarthi, Chandana Priya and Vogt, Stephan and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {1530–1536}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Unified Autoencoder with Task Embeddings for Multi-Task Learning in Renewable Power Forecasting}, year = 2022 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 nivarthi2022unified %A Nivarthi, Chandana Priya %A Vogt, Stephan %A Sick, Bernhard %B International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA) %D 2022 %I IEEE %P 1530--1536 %R 10.1109/ICMLA55696.2022.00240 %T Unified Autoencoder with Task Embeddings for Multi-Task Learning in Renewable Power Forecasting %U https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10068974 %X Renewable power generation forecasts using machine learning are typically implemented as single-task learning models, where a separate model is trained for each photovoltaic or wind park. In recent years, transfer learning is gaining popularity in these systems, as it can be used to transfer the knowledge gained from source parks to a target park. However, for transferring the knowledge to a target park, there is a need to determine the most similar source park(s) among the existing parks. This similarity determination using historical power measurements is challenging when the target park has limited to no historical data samples. Therefore, we propose a simple multi-task learning architecture that initially learns a common representation of input weather features among the tasks, using a Unified Autoencoder (UAE) and then learns the task specific information utilizing a Task Embedding layer in a Neural Network (TENN). This proposed architecture, UAE-TENN, can be easily extended to new parks with or without historical data. An elaborate performance comparison of single and multi-task learning models is performed on six photovoltaic and wind farm datasets comprising a total of 529 parks. UAE-TENN significantly improves the performance of power forecasting by 10 to 19% for photovoltaic parks and 5 to 22% for wind parks compared to the baseline models. Even in the zero-shot learning scenario, when there is no historical data, we successfully demonstrate that the UAE-TENN improves the forecast accuracy for a new park by 19% for photovoltaic parks.
The Vision of Self-Management in Cognitive Organic Power Distribution Systems.Loeser, Inga; Braun, Martin; Gruhl, Christian; Menke, Jan-Hendrik; Sick, Bernhard; Tomforde, Sven. In Energies, 15(3), bl 881. MDPI, 2022.
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Due to the ongoing trend towards a decarbonisation of energy use, the power system is expected to become the backbone of all energy sectors and thus the fundamental critical infrastructure. High penetration with distributed energy resources demands the coordination of a large number of prosumers, partly controlled by home energy management systems (HEMS), to be designed in such a way that the power system’s operational limits are not violated. On the grid level, distribution management systems (DMS) seek to keep the power system in the normal operational state. On the prosumer level, distributed HEMS optimise the internal power flows by setpoint specification of batteries, photovoltaic generators, or flexible loads. The vision of the ODiS (Organic Distribution System) initiative is to develop an architecture to operate a distribution grid reliably, with high resiliency, and fully autonomously by developing “organic” HEMS and DMS which possess multiple self-x capabilities, collectively referred to as self-management. Thus, ODiS seeks answers to the following question: How can we create the most appropriate models, techniques, and algorithms to develop novel kinds of self-configuring, self-organising, self-healing, and self-optimising DMS that are integrally coupled with the distributed HEMS? In this concept paper, the vision of ODiS is presented in detail based on a thorough review of the state of the art.
@article{loeser2022vision, abstract = {Due to the ongoing trend towards a decarbonisation of energy use, the power system is expected to become the backbone of all energy sectors and thus the fundamental critical infrastructure. High penetration with distributed energy resources demands the coordination of a large number of prosumers, partly controlled by home energy management systems (HEMS), to be designed in such a way that the power system’s operational limits are not violated. On the grid level, distribution management systems (DMS) seek to keep the power system in the normal operational state. On the prosumer level, distributed HEMS optimise the internal power flows by setpoint specification of batteries, photovoltaic generators, or flexible loads. The vision of the ODiS (Organic Distribution System) initiative is to develop an architecture to operate a distribution grid reliably, with high resiliency, and fully autonomously by developing “organic” HEMS and DMS which possess multiple self-x capabilities, collectively referred to as self-management. Thus, ODiS seeks answers to the following question: How can we create the most appropriate models, techniques, and algorithms to develop novel kinds of self-configuring, self-organising, self-healing, and self-optimising DMS that are integrally coupled with the distributed HEMS? In this concept paper, the vision of ODiS is presented in detail based on a thorough review of the state of the art.}, author = {Loeser, Inga and Braun, Martin and Gruhl, Christian and Menke, Jan-Hendrik and Sick, Bernhard and Tomforde, Sven}, journal = {Energies}, keywords = {self-healing}, number = 3, pages = 881, publisher = {MDPI}, title = {The Vision of Self-Management in Cognitive Organic Power Distribution Systems}, volume = 15, year = 2022 }
%0 Journal Article %1 loeser2022vision %A Loeser, Inga %A Braun, Martin %A Gruhl, Christian %A Menke, Jan-Hendrik %A Sick, Bernhard %A Tomforde, Sven %D 2022 %I MDPI %J Energies %N 3 %P 881 %R 10.3390/en15030881 %T The Vision of Self-Management in Cognitive Organic Power Distribution Systems %U https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/3/881 %V 15 %X Due to the ongoing trend towards a decarbonisation of energy use, the power system is expected to become the backbone of all energy sectors and thus the fundamental critical infrastructure. High penetration with distributed energy resources demands the coordination of a large number of prosumers, partly controlled by home energy management systems (HEMS), to be designed in such a way that the power system’s operational limits are not violated. On the grid level, distribution management systems (DMS) seek to keep the power system in the normal operational state. On the prosumer level, distributed HEMS optimise the internal power flows by setpoint specification of batteries, photovoltaic generators, or flexible loads. The vision of the ODiS (Organic Distribution System) initiative is to develop an architecture to operate a distribution grid reliably, with high resiliency, and fully autonomously by developing “organic” HEMS and DMS which possess multiple self-x capabilities, collectively referred to as self-management. Thus, ODiS seeks answers to the following question: How can we create the most appropriate models, techniques, and algorithms to develop novel kinds of self-configuring, self-organising, self-healing, and self-optimising DMS that are integrally coupled with the distributed HEMS? In this concept paper, the vision of ODiS is presented in detail based on a thorough review of the state of the art.

2021[ to top ]

Novelty detection in continuously changing environments.Gruhl, Christian; Sick, Bernhard; Tomforde, Sven. In Future Generation Computer Systems, 114, bll 138–154. Elsevier, 2021.
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Self-improving system integration (SISSY) aims at mastering the challenges of system organisation decisions for subsystems with highly dynamic behaviours. This is achieved by increased decision freedom of these subsystems, i.e., by moving the corresponding design decisions from design-time to run-time and from engineers to the systems themselves. As a result, a more robust and efficient constellation of the overall system organisation is maintained even under the presence of continuous change and disturbed conditions. Appropriate integration decisions require a solid foundation of assessing the current conditions and their dynamics using identifying triggers for a necessary evaluation of their own integration status. With this article, we present mCANDIES, a modular novelty detection technique especially suited for SISSY systems that fulfils exactly these identification tasks. mCANDIES tackles an anomaly or novelty detection problem in a modular way by combining the advantages of different detection approaches by exploiting locality in different regions of the input space — depending on, e.g. the density or location of expected observations. This is augmented with information about changes in the underlying model of the observations, i.e., mCANDIES identifies concept drifts. The corresponding information can then be used to trigger online learning behaviour. We analyse the behaviour of mCANDIES on artificial and real-world data sets and compare it to other techniques from the state of the art.
@article{gruhl2021novelty, abstract = {Self-improving system integration (SISSY) aims at mastering the challenges of system organisation decisions for subsystems with highly dynamic behaviours. This is achieved by increased decision freedom of these subsystems, i.e., by moving the corresponding design decisions from design-time to run-time and from engineers to the systems themselves. As a result, a more robust and efficient constellation of the overall system organisation is maintained even under the presence of continuous change and disturbed conditions. Appropriate integration decisions require a solid foundation of assessing the current conditions and their dynamics using identifying triggers for a necessary evaluation of their own integration status. With this article, we present mCANDIES, a modular novelty detection technique especially suited for SISSY systems that fulfils exactly these identification tasks. mCANDIES tackles an anomaly or novelty detection problem in a modular way by combining the advantages of different detection approaches by exploiting locality in different regions of the input space — depending on, e.g. the density or location of expected observations. This is augmented with information about changes in the underlying model of the observations, i.e., mCANDIES identifies concept drifts. The corresponding information can then be used to trigger online learning behaviour. We analyse the behaviour of mCANDIES on artificial and real-world data sets and compare it to other techniques from the state of the art.}, author = {Gruhl, Christian and Sick, Bernhard and Tomforde, Sven}, journal = {Future Generation Computer Systems}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {138–154}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {Novelty detection in continuously changing environments}, volume = 114, year = 2021 }
%0 Journal Article %1 gruhl2021novelty %A Gruhl, Christian %A Sick, Bernhard %A Tomforde, Sven %D 2021 %I Elsevier %J Future Generation Computer Systems %P 138--154 %R 10.1016/j.future.2020.07.037 %T Novelty detection in continuously changing environments %V 114 %X Self-improving system integration (SISSY) aims at mastering the challenges of system organisation decisions for subsystems with highly dynamic behaviours. This is achieved by increased decision freedom of these subsystems, i.e., by moving the corresponding design decisions from design-time to run-time and from engineers to the systems themselves. As a result, a more robust and efficient constellation of the overall system organisation is maintained even under the presence of continuous change and disturbed conditions. Appropriate integration decisions require a solid foundation of assessing the current conditions and their dynamics using identifying triggers for a necessary evaluation of their own integration status. With this article, we present mCANDIES, a modular novelty detection technique especially suited for SISSY systems that fulfils exactly these identification tasks. mCANDIES tackles an anomaly or novelty detection problem in a modular way by combining the advantages of different detection approaches by exploiting locality in different regions of the input space — depending on, e.g. the density or location of expected observations. This is augmented with information about changes in the underlying model of the observations, i.e., mCANDIES identifies concept drifts. The corresponding information can then be used to trigger online learning behaviour. We analyse the behaviour of mCANDIES on artificial and real-world data sets and compare it to other techniques from the state of the art.
Object Detection For Automotive Radar Point Clouds -- A Comparison.Scheiner, Nicolas; Kraus, Florian; Appenrodt, Nils; Dickmann, Jürgen; Sick, Bernhard. In AI Perspectives, 3(1), bl 6. Springer, 2021.
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@article{scheiner2021object, author = {Scheiner, Nicolas and Kraus, Florian and Appenrodt, Nils and Dickmann, Jürgen and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {AI Perspectives}, keywords = {itegpub}, number = 1, pages = 6, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Object Detection For Automotive Radar Point Clouds – A Comparison}, volume = 3, year = 2021 }
%0 Journal Article %1 scheiner2021object %A Scheiner, Nicolas %A Kraus, Florian %A Appenrodt, Nils %A Dickmann, Jürgen %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2021 %I Springer %J AI Perspectives %N 1 %P 6 %R 10.1186/s42467-021-00012-z %T Object Detection For Automotive Radar Point Clouds -- A Comparison %V 3
Iterative Label Improvement: Robust Training by Confidence Based Filtering and Dataset Partitioning.Haase-Schütz, Christian; Stal, Rainer; Hertlein, Heinz; Sick, Bernhard. In International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), bll 9483–9490. IEEE, 2021.
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@inproceedings{haaseschuetz2021iterative, author = {Haase-Schütz, Christian and Stal, Rainer and Hertlein, Heinz and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {9483–9490}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Iterative Label Improvement: Robust Training by Confidence Based Filtering and Dataset Partitioning}, year = 2021 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 haaseschuetz2021iterative %A Haase-Schütz, Christian %A Stal, Rainer %A Hertlein, Heinz %A Sick, Bernhard %B International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR) %D 2021 %I IEEE %P 9483--9490 %R 10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9411918 %T Iterative Label Improvement: Robust Training by Confidence Based Filtering and Dataset Partitioning
Probabilistic VRU Trajectory Forecasting for Model-Predictive Planning -- A Case Study: Overtaking Cyclists.Schneegans, Jan; Eilbrecht, Jan; Zernetsch, Stefan; Bieshaar, Maarten; Doll, Konrad; Stursberg, Olaf; Sick, Bernhard. In Workshop From Benchmarking Behavior Prediction to Socially Compatible Behavior Generation in Autonomous Driving, IV. 2021.
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This work considers (deep) artiﬁcial feed-forward neural networks as parametric approximators in optimal control of discrete-time switched linear systems with controlled switching. The proposed approach is based on approximate dynamic programming and allows the fast computation of (sub-)optimal discrete and continuous control inputs, either by approximating the optimal cost-to-go functions or by approximating the optimal discrete and continuous input policies. An important property of the approach is the satisfaction of polytopic state and input constraints, which is crucial for ensuring safety, as required in many control applications. A numeric example is provided for illustration and evaluation of the approaches.
@inproceedings{schneegans2021probabilistic, abstract = {This work considers (deep) artiﬁcial feed-forward neural networks as parametric approximators in optimal control of discrete-time switched linear systems with controlled switching. The proposed approach is based on approximate dynamic programming and allows the fast computation of (sub-)optimal discrete and continuous control inputs, either by approximating the optimal cost-to-go functions or by approximating the optimal discrete and continuous input policies. An important property of the approach is the satisfaction of polytopic state and input constraints, which is crucial for ensuring safety, as required in many control applications. A numeric example is provided for illustration and evaluation of the approaches.}, author = {Schneegans, Jan and Eilbrecht, Jan and Zernetsch, Stefan and Bieshaar, Maarten and Doll, Konrad and Stursberg, Olaf and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Workshop From Benchmarking Behavior Prediction to Socially Compatible Behavior Generation in Autonomous Driving, IV}, keywords = {itegpub}, note = {(accepted)}, title = {Probabilistic VRU Trajectory Forecasting for Model-Predictive Planning – A Case Study: Overtaking Cyclists}, year = 2021 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 schneegans2021probabilistic %A Schneegans, Jan %A Eilbrecht, Jan %A Zernetsch, Stefan %A Bieshaar, Maarten %A Doll, Konrad %A Stursberg, Olaf %A Sick, Bernhard %B Workshop From Benchmarking Behavior Prediction to Socially Compatible Behavior Generation in Autonomous Driving, IV %D 2021 %T Probabilistic VRU Trajectory Forecasting for Model-Predictive Planning -- A Case Study: Overtaking Cyclists %X This work considers (deep) artiﬁcial feed-forward neural networks as parametric approximators in optimal control of discrete-time switched linear systems with controlled switching. The proposed approach is based on approximate dynamic programming and allows the fast computation of (sub-)optimal discrete and continuous control inputs, either by approximating the optimal cost-to-go functions or by approximating the optimal discrete and continuous input policies. An important property of the approach is the satisfaction of polytopic state and input constraints, which is crucial for ensuring safety, as required in many control applications. A numeric example is provided for illustration and evaluation of the approaches.
Description of Corner Cases in Automated Driving: Goals and Challenges.Bogdoll, Daniel; Breitenstein, Jasmin; Heidecker, Florian; Bieshaar, Maarten; Sick, Bernhard; Fingscheidt, Tim; Zöllner, J. Marius. In Embedded and Real-World Computer Vision in Autonomous Driving (ERCVAD), ICCV, bll 1023–1028,. IEEE, 2021.
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@inproceedings{bogdoll2021description, author = {Bogdoll, Daniel and Breitenstein, Jasmin and Heidecker, Florian and Bieshaar, Maarten and Sick, Bernhard and Fingscheidt, Tim and Zöllner, J. Marius}, booktitle = {Embedded and Real-World Computer Vision in Autonomous Driving (ERCVAD), ICCV}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {1023–1028,}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Description of Corner Cases in Automated Driving: Goals and Challenges}, year = 2021 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 bogdoll2021description %A Bogdoll, Daniel %A Breitenstein, Jasmin %A Heidecker, Florian %A Bieshaar, Maarten %A Sick, Bernhard %A Fingscheidt, Tim %A Zöllner, J. Marius %B Embedded and Real-World Computer Vision in Autonomous Driving (ERCVAD), ICCV %D 2021 %I IEEE %P 1023--1028, %R 10.1109/iccvw54120.2021.00119 %T Description of Corner Cases in Automated Driving: Goals and Challenges
Out-of-distribution Detection and Generation using Soft Brownian Offset Sampling and Autoencoders.Möller, Felix; Botache, Diego; Huseljic, Denis; Heidecker, Florian; Bieshaar, Maarten; Sick, Bernhard. In Workshop on Safe Artificial Intelligence for Automated Driving (SAIAD), CVPR, bll 1–10. 2021.
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@inproceedings{moeller2021out, author = {Möller, Felix and Botache, Diego and Huseljic, Denis and Heidecker, Florian and Bieshaar, Maarten and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Workshop on Safe Artificial Intelligence for Automated Driving (SAIAD), CVPR}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {1–10}, title = {{Out-of-distribution Detection and Generation using Soft Brownian Offset Sampling and Autoencoders}}, year = 2021 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 moeller2021out %A Möller, Felix %A Botache, Diego %A Huseljic, Denis %A Heidecker, Florian %A Bieshaar, Maarten %A Sick, Bernhard %B Workshop on Safe Artificial Intelligence for Automated Driving (SAIAD), CVPR %D 2021 %P 1--10 %T Out-of-distribution Detection and Generation using Soft Brownian Offset Sampling and Autoencoders %U https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content/CVPR2021W/SAIAD/papers/Moller_Out-of-Distribution_Detection_and_Generation_Using_Soft_Brownian_Offset_Sampling_and_CVPRW_2021_paper.pdf
Pose Based Trajectory Forecast of Vulnerable Road Users Using Recurrent Neural Networks.Kress, Viktor; Zernetsch, Stefan; Doll, Konrad; Sick, Bernhard. In Workshop on Integrated Artificial Intelligence in Data Science, ICPR, bll 57–71. Springer, 2021.
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@inproceedings{kress2021pose, author = {Kress, Viktor and Zernetsch, Stefan and Doll, Konrad and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Workshop on Integrated Artificial Intelligence in Data Science, ICPR}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {57–71}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Pose Based Trajectory Forecast of Vulnerable Road Users Using Recurrent Neural Networks}, year = 2021 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 kress2021pose %A Kress, Viktor %A Zernetsch, Stefan %A Doll, Konrad %A Sick, Bernhard %B Workshop on Integrated Artificial Intelligence in Data Science, ICPR %D 2021 %I Springer %P 57--71 %R 10.1007/978-3-030-68763-2_5 %T Pose Based Trajectory Forecast of Vulnerable Road Users Using Recurrent Neural Networks
Novelty based Driver Identification on RR Intervals from ECG Data.Heidecker, Florian; Gruhl, Christian; Sick, Bernhard. In Workshop on Integrated Artificial Intelligence in Data Science, ICPR, bll 407–421. IEEE, Milan, Italy, 2021.
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@inproceedings{heidecker2021novelty, address = {Milan, Italy}, author = {Heidecker, Florian and Gruhl, Christian and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Workshop on Integrated Artificial Intelligence in Data Science, ICPR}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {407–421}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Novelty based Driver Identification on RR Intervals from ECG Data}, year = 2021 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 heidecker2021novelty %A Heidecker, Florian %A Gruhl, Christian %A Sick, Bernhard %B Workshop on Integrated Artificial Intelligence in Data Science, ICPR %C Milan, Italy %D 2021 %I IEEE %P 407--421 %R 10.1007/978-3-030-68799-1_29 %T Novelty based Driver Identification on RR Intervals from ECG Data
Emerging Relation Network and Task Embedding for Multi-Task Regression Problems.Schreiber, Jens; Sick, Bernhard. In International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), bll 2663–2670. IEEE, 2021.
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@inproceedings{schreiber2021emerging, author = {Schreiber, Jens and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {2663–2670}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Emerging Relation Network and Task Embedding for Multi-Task Regression Problems}, year = 2021 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 schreiber2021emerging %A Schreiber, Jens %A Sick, Bernhard %B International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR) %D 2021 %I IEEE %P 2663--2670 %R 10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412476 %T Emerging Relation Network and Task Embedding for Multi-Task Regression Problems
Multi-annotator Probabilistic Active Learning.Herde, Marek; Kottke, Daniel; Huseljic, Denis; Sick, Bernhard. In International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), bll 10281–10288. IEEE, 2021.
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@inproceedings{herde2021multi, author = {Herde, Marek and Kottke, Daniel and Huseljic, Denis and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {10281–10288}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Multi-annotator Probabilistic Active Learning}, year = 2021 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 herde2021multi %A Herde, Marek %A Kottke, Daniel %A Huseljic, Denis %A Sick, Bernhard %B International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR) %D 2021 %I IEEE %P 10281--10288 %R 10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412298 %T Multi-annotator Probabilistic Active Learning
Translatory and rotatory motion of exchange-bias capped Janus particles controlled by dynamic magnetic field landscapes.Huhnstock, Rico; Reginka, Meike; Tomita, Andreea; Merkel, Maximilian; Dingel, Kristina; Holzinger, Dennis; Sick, Bernhard; Vogel, Michael; Ehresmann, Arno. In Scientific Reports, 11(1), bl 21794. Nature Publishing Group, 2021.
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Magnetic Janus particles (MJPs), fabricated by covering a non-magnetic spherical particle with a hemispherical magnetic in-plane exchange-bias layer system cap, display an onion magnetization state for comparably large diameters of a few microns. In this work, the motion characteristics of these MJPs will be investigated when they are steered by a magnetic field landscape over prototypical parallel-stripe domains, dynamically varied by superposed external magnetic field pulse sequences, in an aqueous medium. We demonstrate, that due to the engineered magnetization state in the hemispherical cap, a comparably fast, directed particle transport and particle rotation can be induced. Additionally, by modifying the frequency of the applied pulse sequence and the strengths of the individual field components, we observe a possible separation between a combined or an individual occurrence of these two types of motion. Our findings bear importance for lab-on-a-chip systems, where particle immobilization on a surface via analyte bridges shall be used for low concentration analyte detection and a particle rotation over a defined position of a substrate may dramatically increase the immobilization (and therefore analyte detection) probability.
@article{huhnstock2021translatory, abstract = {Magnetic Janus particles (MJPs), fabricated by covering a non-magnetic spherical particle with a hemispherical magnetic in-plane exchange-bias layer system cap, display an onion magnetization state for comparably large diameters of a few microns. In this work, the motion characteristics of these MJPs will be investigated when they are steered by a magnetic field landscape over prototypical parallel-stripe domains, dynamically varied by superposed external magnetic field pulse sequences, in an aqueous medium. We demonstrate, that due to the engineered magnetization state in the hemispherical cap, a comparably fast, directed particle transport and particle rotation can be induced. Additionally, by modifying the frequency of the applied pulse sequence and the strengths of the individual field components, we observe a possible separation between a combined or an individual occurrence of these two types of motion. Our findings bear importance for lab-on-a-chip systems, where particle immobilization on a surface via analyte bridges shall be used for low concentration analyte detection and a particle rotation over a defined position of a substrate may dramatically increase the immobilization (and therefore analyte detection) probability.}, author = {Huhnstock, Rico and Reginka, Meike and Tomita, Andreea and Merkel, Maximilian and Dingel, Kristina and Holzinger, Dennis and Sick, Bernhard and Vogel, Michael and Ehresmann, Arno}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, keywords = {itegpub}, number = 1, pages = 21794, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, title = {Translatory and rotatory motion of exchange-bias capped Janus particles controlled by dynamic magnetic field landscapes}, volume = 11, year = 2021 }
%0 Journal Article %1 huhnstock2021translatory %A Huhnstock, Rico %A Reginka, Meike %A Tomita, Andreea %A Merkel, Maximilian %A Dingel, Kristina %A Holzinger, Dennis %A Sick, Bernhard %A Vogel, Michael %A Ehresmann, Arno %D 2021 %I Nature Publishing Group %J Scientific Reports %N 1 %P 21794 %R 10.1038/s41598-021-01351-x %T Translatory and rotatory motion of exchange-bias capped Janus particles controlled by dynamic magnetic field landscapes %U https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-01351-x %V 11 %X Magnetic Janus particles (MJPs), fabricated by covering a non-magnetic spherical particle with a hemispherical magnetic in-plane exchange-bias layer system cap, display an onion magnetization state for comparably large diameters of a few microns. In this work, the motion characteristics of these MJPs will be investigated when they are steered by a magnetic field landscape over prototypical parallel-stripe domains, dynamically varied by superposed external magnetic field pulse sequences, in an aqueous medium. We demonstrate, that due to the engineered magnetization state in the hemispherical cap, a comparably fast, directed particle transport and particle rotation can be induced. Additionally, by modifying the frequency of the applied pulse sequence and the strengths of the individual field components, we observe a possible separation between a combined or an individual occurrence of these two types of motion. Our findings bear importance for lab-on-a-chip systems, where particle immobilization on a surface via analyte bridges shall be used for low concentration analyte detection and a particle rotation over a defined position of a substrate may dramatically increase the immobilization (and therefore analyte detection) probability. %@ 0123456789
Cyclist Motion State Forecasting -- Going beyond Detection.Bieshaar, M.; Zernetsch, S.; Riepe, K.; Doll, K.; Sick, B. In IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI). IEEE, Orlando, FL, USA, 2021.
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@inproceedings{bieshaar2021cyclist, address = {Orlando, FL, USA}, author = {Bieshaar, M. and Zernetsch, S. and Riepe, K. and Doll, K. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)}, keywords = {itegpub}, note = {(accepted)}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Cyclist Motion State Forecasting – Going beyond Detection}, year = 2021 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 bieshaar2021cyclist %A Bieshaar, M. %A Zernetsch, S. %A Riepe, K. %A Doll, K. %A Sick, B. %B IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI) %C Orlando, FL, USA %D 2021 %I IEEE %T Cyclist Motion State Forecasting -- Going beyond Detection
Image Sequence Based Cyclist Action Recognition Using Multi-Stream 3D Convolution.Zernetsch, Stefan; Schreck, Steven; Kress, Viktor; Doll, Konrad; Sick, Bernhard. In International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), bll 2620–2626. IEEE, 2021.
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@inproceedings{zernetsch2021image, author = {Zernetsch, Stefan and Schreck, Steven and Kress, Viktor and Doll, Konrad and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {2620–2626}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Image Sequence Based Cyclist Action Recognition Using Multi-Stream 3D Convolution}, year = 2021 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 zernetsch2021image %A Zernetsch, Stefan %A Schreck, Steven %A Kress, Viktor %A Doll, Konrad %A Sick, Bernhard %B International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR) %D 2021 %I IEEE %P 2620--2626 %R 10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9413233 %T Image Sequence Based Cyclist Action Recognition Using Multi-Stream 3D Convolution
Task Embedding Temporal Convolution Networks for Transfer Learning Problems in Renewable Power Time Series Forecast.Schreiber, Jens; Vogt, Stephan; Sick, Bernhard. In European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECML PKDD): Applied Data Science Track, bll 118–134. Springer, 2021.
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@inproceedings{schreiber2021task, author = {Schreiber, Jens and Vogt, Stephan and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECML PKDD): Applied Data Science Track}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {118–134}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Task Embedding Temporal Convolution Networks for Transfer Learning Problems in Renewable Power Time Series Forecast}, year = 2021 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 schreiber2021task %A Schreiber, Jens %A Vogt, Stephan %A Sick, Bernhard %B European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECML PKDD): Applied Data Science Track %D 2021 %I Springer %P 118--134 %R 10.1007/978-3-030-86514-6_8 %T Task Embedding Temporal Convolution Networks for Transfer Learning Problems in Renewable Power Time Series Forecast
Traffic Safety in Future Cities by Using a Safety Approach Based on AI and Wireless Communications.König, I.; Bachmann, M.; Bieshaar, M.; Schindler, S.; Lambrecht, F.; David, K.; Sick, B.; Hornung, G.; Sommer, C. In ITG-Symposium on Mobile Communication - Technologies and Applications, bll 1–6. Osnabrück, Germany, 2021.
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@inproceedings{koenig2021traffic, address = {Osnabrück, Germany}, author = {K\"onig, I. and Bachmann, M. and Bieshaar, M. and Schindler, S. and Lambrecht, F. and David, K. and Sick, B. and Hornung, G. and Sommer, C.}, booktitle = {ITG-Symposium on Mobile Communication - Technologies and Applications}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {1–6}, title = {Traffic Safety in Future Cities by Using a Safety Approach Based on AI and Wireless Communications}, year = 2021 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 koenig2021traffic %A König, I. %A Bachmann, M. %A Bieshaar, M. %A Schindler, S. %A Lambrecht, F. %A David, K. %A Sick, B. %A Hornung, G. %A Sommer, C. %B ITG-Symposium on Mobile Communication - Technologies and Applications %C Osnabrück, Germany %D 2021 %P 1--6 %T Traffic Safety in Future Cities by Using a Safety Approach Based on AI and Wireless Communications
Smart Infrastructure: A Research Junction.Hetzel, Manuel; Reichert, Hannes; Doll, Konrad; Sick, Bernhard. In IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2). IEEE, 2021.
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@inproceedings{hetzel2021smart, author = {Hetzel, Manuel and Reichert, Hannes and Doll, Konrad and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)}, keywords = {itegpub}, note = 1, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Smart Infrastructure: A Research Junction}, year = 2021 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 hetzel2021smart %A Hetzel, Manuel %A Reichert, Hannes %A Doll, Konrad %A Sick, Bernhard %B IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2) %D 2021 %I IEEE %R 10.1109/isc253183.2021.9562809 %T Smart Infrastructure: A Research Junction
Transport efficiency of biofunctionalized magnetic particles tailored by surfactant concentration.Reginka, Meike; Hoang, Hai; Efendi, Özge; Merkel, Maximilan; Huhnstock, Rico; Holzinger, Dennis; Dingel, Kristina; Sick, Bernhard; Bertinetti, Daniela; Herberg, Friedrich; Ehresmann, Arno. In Langmuir, 37(28), bll 8498–8507. ACS, 2021.
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@article{reginka2021transport, author = {{Reginka}, Meike and {Hoang}, Hai and {Efendi}, {\"O}zge and {Merkel}, Maximilan and {Huhnstock}, Rico and {Holzinger}, Dennis and {Dingel}, Kristina and {Sick}, Bernhard and {Bertinetti}, Daniela and {Herberg}, Friedrich and {Ehresmann}, Arno}, journal = {Langmuir}, keywords = {itegpub}, number = 28, pages = {8498–8507}, publisher = {ACS}, title = {Transport efficiency of biofunctionalized magnetic particles tailored by surfactant concentration}, volume = 37, year = 2021 }
%0 Journal Article %1 reginka2021transport %A Reginka, Meike %A Hoang, Hai %A Efendi, Özge %A Merkel, Maximilan %A Huhnstock, Rico %A Holzinger, Dennis %A Dingel, Kristina %A Sick, Bernhard %A Bertinetti, Daniela %A Herberg, Friedrich %A Ehresmann, Arno %D 2021 %I ACS %J Langmuir %N 28 %P 8498--8507 %R 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00900 %T Transport efficiency of biofunctionalized magnetic particles tailored by surfactant concentration %U https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00900 %V 37
Uncertainty and Utility Sampling with Pre-Clustering.Huang, Zhixin; He, Yujiang; Vogt, Stephan; Sick, Bernhard. In Workshop on Interactive Adaptive Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD. 2021.
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@inproceedings{huang2021uncertainty, author = {Huang, Zhixin and He, Yujiang and Vogt, Stephan and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Workshop on Interactive Adaptive Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD}, keywords = {itegpub}, note = {(accepted)}, title = {Uncertainty and Utility Sampling with Pre-Clustering}, year = 2021 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 huang2021uncertainty %A Huang, Zhixin %A He, Yujiang %A Vogt, Stephan %A Sick, Bernhard %B Workshop on Interactive Adaptive Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD %D 2021 %T Uncertainty and Utility Sampling with Pre-Clustering
Separation of Aleatoric and Epistemic Uncertainty in Deterministic Deep Neural Networks.Huseljic, Denis; Sick, Bernhard; Herde, Marek; Kottke, Daniel. In International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), bll 9172–9179. IEEE, 2021.
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@inproceedings{huseljic2021separation, author = {Huseljic, Denis and Sick, Bernhard and Herde, Marek and Kottke, Daniel}, booktitle = {International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {9172–9179}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Separation of Aleatoric and Epistemic Uncertainty in Deterministic Deep Neural Networks}, year = 2021 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 huseljic2021separation %A Huseljic, Denis %A Sick, Bernhard %A Herde, Marek %A Kottke, Daniel %B International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR) %D 2021 %I IEEE %P 9172--9179 %R 10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412616 %T Separation of Aleatoric and Epistemic Uncertainty in Deterministic Deep Neural Networks
Cyclist Trajectory Forecasts by Incorporation of Multi-View Video Information.Zernetsch, Stefan; Trupp, Oliver; Kress, Viktor; Doll, Konrad; Sick, Bernhard. In IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), bll 1–7. IEEE, 2021.
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@inproceedings{zernetsch2021cyclist, author = {Zernetsch, Stefan and Trupp, Oliver and Kress, Viktor and Doll, Konrad and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {1–7}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Cyclist Trajectory Forecasts by Incorporation of Multi-View Video Information}, year = 2021 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 zernetsch2021cyclist %A Zernetsch, Stefan %A Trupp, Oliver %A Kress, Viktor %A Doll, Konrad %A Sick, Bernhard %B IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2) %D 2021 %I IEEE %P 1--7 %R 10.1109/isc253183.2021.9562857 %T Cyclist Trajectory Forecasts by Incorporation of Multi-View Video Information
Intelligent and Interactive Video Annotation for Instance Segmentation using Siamese Neural Networks.Schneegans, Jan; Bieshaar, Maarten; Heidecker, Florian; Sick, Bernhard. In Workshop on Integrated Artificial Intelligence in Data Science, ICPR, bll 375–389. IEEE, Milan, Italy, 2021.
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@inproceedings{schneegans2021intelligent, address = {Milan, Italy}, author = {Schneegans, Jan and Bieshaar, Maarten and Heidecker, Florian and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Workshop on Integrated Artificial Intelligence in Data Science, ICPR}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {375–389}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Intelligent and Interactive Video Annotation for Instance Segmentation using Siamese Neural Networks}, year = 2021 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 schneegans2021intelligent %A Schneegans, Jan %A Bieshaar, Maarten %A Heidecker, Florian %A Sick, Bernhard %B Workshop on Integrated Artificial Intelligence in Data Science, ICPR %C Milan, Italy %D 2021 %I IEEE %P 375--389 %R 10.1007/978-3-030-68799-1_27 %T Intelligent and Interactive Video Annotation for Instance Segmentation using Siamese Neural Networks
Towards Sensor Data Abstraction of Autonomous Vehicle Perception Systems.Reichert, Hannes; Lang, Lukas; Rösch, Kevin; Bogdoll, Daniel; Doll, Konrad; Sick, Bernhard; Reuss, Hans-Christian; Stiller, Christoph; Zöllner, J. Marius. In IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), bll 1–4. IEEE, 2021.
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@inproceedings{reichert2021towards, author = {Reichert, Hannes and Lang, Lukas and Rösch, Kevin and Bogdoll, Daniel and Doll, Konrad and Sick, Bernhard and Reuss, Hans-Christian and Stiller, Christoph and Zöllner, J. Marius}, booktitle = {IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {1–4}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Towards Sensor Data Abstraction of Autonomous Vehicle Perception Systems}, year = 2021 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 reichert2021towards %A Reichert, Hannes %A Lang, Lukas %A Rösch, Kevin %A Bogdoll, Daniel %A Doll, Konrad %A Sick, Bernhard %A Reuss, Hans-Christian %A Stiller, Christoph %A Zöllner, J. Marius %B IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2) %D 2021 %I IEEE %P 1--4 %R 10.1109/isc253183.2021.9562912 %T Towards Sensor Data Abstraction of Autonomous Vehicle Perception Systems
Towards Highly Automated Machine-Learning-Empowered Monitoring of Motor Test Stands.Botache, Diego; Bethke, Florian; Hardieck, Martin; Bieshaar, Maarten; Brabetz, Ludwig; Ayeb, Mohamed; Zipf, Peter; Sick, Bernhard. In IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems (ACSOS), bll 120–130. IEEE, Washington, DC, USA, 2021.
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@inproceedings{botache2021towards, address = {Washington, DC, USA}, author = {Botache, Diego and Bethke, Florian and Hardieck, Martin and Bieshaar, Maarten and Brabetz, Ludwig and Ayeb, Mohamed and Zipf, Peter and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems (ACSOS)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {120–130}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Towards Highly Automated Machine-Learning-Empowered Monitoring of Motor Test Stands}, year = 2021 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 botache2021towards %A Botache, Diego %A Bethke, Florian %A Hardieck, Martin %A Bieshaar, Maarten %A Brabetz, Ludwig %A Ayeb, Mohamed %A Zipf, Peter %A Sick, Bernhard %B IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems (ACSOS) %C Washington, DC, USA %D 2021 %I IEEE %P 120--130 %R 10.1109/acsos52086.2021.00031 %T Towards Highly Automated Machine-Learning-Empowered Monitoring of Motor Test Stands
Toward AI-enhanced online-characterization and shaping of ultrashort X-ray free-electron laser pulses.Dingel, Kristina; Otto, Thorsten; Marder, Lutz; Funke, Lars; Held, Arne; Savio, Sara; Hans, Andreas; Hartmann, Gregor; Meier, David; Viefhaus, Jens; Sick, Bernhard; Ehresmann, Arno; Ilchen, Markus; Helml, Wolfram. In arXiv e-prints, bl arXiv:2108.13979. 2021.
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X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) as the world`s most brilliant light sources provide ultrashort X-ray pulses with durations typically on the order of femtoseconds. Recently, they have approached and entered the attosecond regime, which holds new promises for single-molecule imaging and studying nonlinear and ultrafast phenomena like localized electron dynamics. The technological evolution of XFELs toward well-controllable light sources for precise metrology of ultrafast processes was, however, hampered by the diagnostic capabilities for characterizing X-ray pulses at the attosecond frontier. In this regard, the spectroscopic technique of photoelectron angular streaking has successfully proven how to non-destructively retrieve the exact time-energy structure of XFEL pulses on a single-shot basis. By using artificial intelligence algorithms, in particular convolutional neural networks, we here show how this technique can be leveraged from its proof-of-principle stage toward routine diagnostics at XFELs, thus enhancing and refining their scientific access in all related disciplines.
@article{dingel2021ai, abstract = {X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) as the world`s most brilliant light sources provide ultrashort X-ray pulses with durations typically on the order of femtoseconds. Recently, they have approached and entered the attosecond regime, which holds new promises for single-molecule imaging and studying nonlinear and ultrafast phenomena like localized electron dynamics. The technological evolution of XFELs toward well-controllable light sources for precise metrology of ultrafast processes was, however, hampered by the diagnostic capabilities for characterizing X-ray pulses at the attosecond frontier. In this regard, the spectroscopic technique of photoelectron angular streaking has successfully proven how to non-destructively retrieve the exact time-energy structure of XFEL pulses on a single-shot basis. By using artificial intelligence algorithms, in particular convolutional neural networks, we here show how this technique can be leveraged from its proof-of-principle stage toward routine diagnostics at XFELs, thus enhancing and refining their scientific access in all related disciplines.}, author = {{Dingel}, Kristina and {Otto}, Thorsten and {Marder}, Lutz and {Funke}, Lars and {Held}, Arne and {Savio}, Sara and {Hans}, Andreas and {Hartmann}, Gregor and {Meier}, David and {Viefhaus}, Jens and {Sick}, Bernhard and {Ehresmann}, Arno and {Ilchen}, Markus and {Helml}, Wolfram}, journal = {arXiv e-prints}, keywords = {Accelerator}, pages = {arXiv:2108.13979}, title = {{Toward AI-enhanced online-characterization and shaping of ultrashort X-ray free-electron laser pulses}}, year = 2021 }
%0 Journal Article %1 dingel2021ai %A Dingel, Kristina %A Otto, Thorsten %A Marder, Lutz %A Funke, Lars %A Held, Arne %A Savio, Sara %A Hans, Andreas %A Hartmann, Gregor %A Meier, David %A Viefhaus, Jens %A Sick, Bernhard %A Ehresmann, Arno %A Ilchen, Markus %A Helml, Wolfram %D 2021 %J arXiv e-prints %P arXiv:2108.13979 %T Toward AI-enhanced online-characterization and shaping of ultrashort X-ray free-electron laser pulses %X X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) as the world`s most brilliant light sources provide ultrashort X-ray pulses with durations typically on the order of femtoseconds. Recently, they have approached and entered the attosecond regime, which holds new promises for single-molecule imaging and studying nonlinear and ultrafast phenomena like localized electron dynamics. The technological evolution of XFELs toward well-controllable light sources for precise metrology of ultrafast processes was, however, hampered by the diagnostic capabilities for characterizing X-ray pulses at the attosecond frontier. In this regard, the spectroscopic technique of photoelectron angular streaking has successfully proven how to non-destructively retrieve the exact time-energy structure of XFEL pulses on a single-shot basis. By using artificial intelligence algorithms, in particular convolutional neural networks, we here show how this technique can be leveraged from its proof-of-principle stage toward routine diagnostics at XFELs, thus enhancing and refining their scientific access in all related disciplines.
Towards Corner Case Detection by Modeling the Uncertainty of Instance Segmentation Networks.Heidecker, Florian; Hannan, Abdul; Bieshaar, Maarten; Sick, Bernhard. In Workshop on Integrated Artificial Intelligence in Data Science, ICPR, bll 361–374. IEEE, Milan, Italy, 2021.
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@inproceedings{heidecker2021towards, address = {Milan, Italy}, author = {Heidecker, Florian and Hannan, Abdul and Bieshaar, Maarten and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Workshop on Integrated Artificial Intelligence in Data Science, ICPR}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {361–374}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Towards Corner Case Detection by Modeling the Uncertainty of Instance Segmentation Networks}, year = 2021 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 heidecker2021towards %A Heidecker, Florian %A Hannan, Abdul %A Bieshaar, Maarten %A Sick, Bernhard %B Workshop on Integrated Artificial Intelligence in Data Science, ICPR %C Milan, Italy %D 2021 %I IEEE %P 361--374 %R 10.1007/978-3-030-68799-1_26 %T Towards Corner Case Detection by Modeling the Uncertainty of Instance Segmentation Networks
Toward Application of Continuous Power Forecasts in a Regional Flexibility Market.He, Yujiang; Huang, Zhixin; Sick, Bernhard. In International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), bll 1–8. IEEE, 2021.
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@inproceedings{he2021application, author = {He, Yujiang and Huang, Zhixin and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {1–8}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Toward Application of Continuous Power Forecasts in a Regional Flexibility Market}, year = 2021 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 he2021application %A He, Yujiang %A Huang, Zhixin %A Sick, Bernhard %B International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) %D 2021 %I IEEE %P 1--8 %R 10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533626 %T Toward Application of Continuous Power Forecasts in a Regional Flexibility Market
Toward optimal probabilistic active learning using a Bayesian approach.Kottke, Daniel; Herde, Marek; Sandrock, Christoph; Huseljic, Denis; Krempl, Georg; Sick, Bernhard. In Machine Learning, 110(6), bll 1199–1231. Springer, 2021.
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Gathering labeled data to train well-performing machine learning models is one of the critical challenges in many applications. Active learning aims at reducing the labeling costs by an efficient and effective allocation of costly labeling resources. In this article, we propose a decision-theoretic selection strategy that (1) directly optimizes the gain in misclassification error, and (2) uses a Bayesian approach by introducing a conjugate prior distribution to determine the class posterior to deal with uncertainties. By reformulating existing selection strategies within our proposed model, we can explain which aspects are not covered in current state-of-the-art and why this leads to the superior performance of our approach. Extensive experiments on a large variety of datasets and different kernels validate our claims.
@article{kottke2021optimal, abstract = {Gathering labeled data to train well-performing machine learning models is one of the critical challenges in many applications. Active learning aims at reducing the labeling costs by an efficient and effective allocation of costly labeling resources. In this article, we propose a decision-theoretic selection strategy that (1) directly optimizes the gain in misclassification error, and (2) uses a Bayesian approach by introducing a conjugate prior distribution to determine the class posterior to deal with uncertainties. By reformulating existing selection strategies within our proposed model, we can explain which aspects are not covered in current state-of-the-art and why this leads to the superior performance of our approach. Extensive experiments on a large variety of datasets and different kernels validate our claims.}, author = {Kottke, Daniel and Herde, Marek and Sandrock, Christoph and Huseljic, Denis and Krempl, Georg and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {Machine Learning}, keywords = {itegpub}, number = 6, pages = {1199–1231}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Toward optimal probabilistic active learning using a Bayesian approach}, volume = 110, year = 2021 }
%0 Journal Article %1 kottke2021optimal %A Kottke, Daniel %A Herde, Marek %A Sandrock, Christoph %A Huseljic, Denis %A Krempl, Georg %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2021 %I Springer %J Machine Learning %N 6 %P 1199--1231 %R 10.1007/s10994-021-05986-9 %T Toward optimal probabilistic active learning using a Bayesian approach %V 110 %X Gathering labeled data to train well-performing machine learning models is one of the critical challenges in many applications. Active learning aims at reducing the labeling costs by an efficient and effective allocation of costly labeling resources. In this article, we propose a decision-theoretic selection strategy that (1) directly optimizes the gain in misclassification error, and (2) uses a Bayesian approach by introducing a conjugate prior distribution to determine the class posterior to deal with uncertainties. By reformulating existing selection strategies within our proposed model, we can explain which aspects are not covered in current state-of-the-art and why this leads to the superior performance of our approach. Extensive experiments on a large variety of datasets and different kernels validate our claims.
scikit-activeml: A Library and Toolbox for Active Learning Algorithms.Kottke, Daniel; Herde, Marek; Minh, Tuan Pham; Benz, Alexander; Mergard, Pascal; Roghman, Atal; Sandrock, Christoph; Sick, Bernhard. In Preprints, bl 2021030194. 2021.
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Machine learning applications often need large amounts of training data to perform well. Whereas unlabeled data can be easily gathered, the labeling process is difficult, time-consuming, or expensive in most applications. Active learning can help solve this problem by querying labels for those data points that will improve the performance the most. Thereby, the goal is that the learning algorithm performs sufficiently well with fewer labels. We provide a library called scikit-activeml that covers the most relevant query strategies and implements tools to work with partially labeled data. It is programmed in Python and builds on top of scikit-learn.
@article{kottke2021scikit, abstract = {Machine learning applications often need large amounts of training data to perform well. Whereas unlabeled data can be easily gathered, the labeling process is difficult, time-consuming, or expensive in most applications. Active learning can help solve this problem by querying labels for those data points that will improve the performance the most. Thereby, the goal is that the learning algorithm performs sufficiently well with fewer labels. We provide a library called scikit-activeml that covers the most relevant query strategies and implements tools to work with partially labeled data. It is programmed in Python and builds on top of scikit-learn.}, author = {Kottke, Daniel and Herde, Marek and Minh, Tuan Pham and Benz, Alexander and Mergard, Pascal and Roghman, Atal and Sandrock, Christoph and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {Preprints}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = 2021030194, title = {{scikit-activeml}: {A} Library and Toolbox for Active Learning Algorithms}, year = 2021 }
%0 Journal Article %1 kottke2021scikit %A Kottke, Daniel %A Herde, Marek %A Minh, Tuan Pham %A Benz, Alexander %A Mergard, Pascal %A Roghman, Atal %A Sandrock, Christoph %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2021 %J Preprints %P 2021030194 %T scikit-activeml: A Library and Toolbox for Active Learning Algorithms %U https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202103.0194/ %X Machine learning applications often need large amounts of training data to perform well. Whereas unlabeled data can be easily gathered, the labeling process is difficult, time-consuming, or expensive in most applications. Active learning can help solve this problem by querying labels for those data points that will improve the performance the most. Thereby, the goal is that the learning algorithm performs sufficiently well with fewer labels. We provide a library called scikit-activeml that covers the most relevant query strategies and implements tools to work with partially labeled data. It is programmed in Python and builds on top of scikit-learn.

2020[ to top ]

Pose Based Action Recognition of Vulnerable Road Users Using Recurrent Neural Networks.Kress, V.; Schreck, S.; Zernetsch, S.; Doll, K.; Sick, B. In IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), bll 2723–2730. IEEE, 2020.
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- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{kress2020pose, author = {{Kress}, V. and {Schreck}, S. and {Zernetsch}, S. and {Doll}, K. and {Sick}, B.}, booktitle = {IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {2723–2730}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Pose Based Action Recognition of Vulnerable Road Users Using Recurrent Neural Networks}, year = 2020 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 kress2020pose %A Kress, V. %A Schreck, S. %A Zernetsch, S. %A Doll, K. %A Sick, B. %B IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI) %D 2020 %I IEEE %P 2723--2730 %R 10.1109/ssci47803.2020.9308462 %T Pose Based Action Recognition of Vulnerable Road Users Using Recurrent Neural Networks
Off-the-shelf sensor vs. experimental radar - How much resolution is necessary in automotive radar classification?Scheiner, Nicolas; Schumann, Ole; Kraus, Florian; Appenrodt, Nils; Dickmann, Jürgen; Sick, Bernhard. In IEEE International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION), bll 1–8. IEEE, 2020.
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- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{scheiner2020shelf, author = {Scheiner, Nicolas and Schumann, Ole and Kraus, Florian and Appenrodt, Nils and Dickmann, J{\"{u}}rgen and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {{IEEE} International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {1–8}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Off-the-shelf sensor vs. experimental radar - How much resolution is necessary in automotive radar classification?}, year = 2020 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 scheiner2020shelf %A Scheiner, Nicolas %A Schumann, Ole %A Kraus, Florian %A Appenrodt, Nils %A Dickmann, Jürgen %A Sick, Bernhard %B IEEE International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) %D 2020 %I IEEE %P 1--8 %R 10.23919/fusion45008.2020.9190338 %T Off-the-shelf sensor vs. experimental radar - How much resolution is necessary in automotive radar classification?
Representation Learning in Power Time Series Forecasting.Henze, Janosch; Schreiber, Jens; Sick, Bernhard. In Deep Learning: Algorithms and Applications, W. Pedrycz, S.-M. Chen (reds.), bll 67–101. Springer, 2020.
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@incollection{henze2020representation, author = {Henze, Janosch and Schreiber, Jens and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Deep Learning: Algorithms and Applications}, editor = {Pedrycz, Witold and Chen, Shyi-Ming}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {67–101}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Representation Learning in Power Time Series Forecasting}, year = 2020 }
%0 Book Section %1 henze2020representation %A Henze, Janosch %A Schreiber, Jens %A Sick, Bernhard %B Deep Learning: Algorithms and Applications %D 2020 %E Pedrycz, Witold %E Chen, Shyi-Ming %I Springer %P 67--101 %R 10.1007/978-3-030-31760-7_3 %T Representation Learning in Power Time Series Forecasting %U https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31760-7_3 %@ 978-3-030-31760-7
Toward Optimal Probabilistic Active Learning Using a Bayesian Approach.Kottke, Daniel; Herde, Marek; Sandrock, Christoph; Huseljic, Denis; Krempl, Georg; Sick, Bernhard. In arXiv e-prints, bl arXiv:2006.01732. 2020.
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@article{kottke2020optimal, author = {Kottke, Daniel and Herde, Marek and Sandrock, Christoph and Huseljic, Denis and Krempl, Georg and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {arXiv e-prints}, keywords = {Machine}, pages = {arXiv:2006.01732}, title = {{Toward Optimal Probabilistic Active Learning Using a Bayesian Approach}}, year = 2020 }
%0 Journal Article %1 kottke2020optimal %A Kottke, Daniel %A Herde, Marek %A Sandrock, Christoph %A Huseljic, Denis %A Krempl, Georg %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2020 %J arXiv e-prints %P arXiv:2006.01732 %T Toward Optimal Probabilistic Active Learning Using a Bayesian Approach
Forecasting Power Grid States for Regional Energy Markets with Deep Neural Networks.He, Y.; Henze, J.; Sick, B. In International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2020.
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@inproceedings{he2020forecasting, author = {{He}, Y. and {Henze}, J. and {Sick}, B.}, booktitle = {International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)}, keywords = {itegpub}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Forecasting Power Grid States for Regional Energy Markets with Deep Neural Networks}, year = 2020 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 he2020forecasting %A He, Y. %A Henze, J. %A Sick, B. %B International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) %D 2020 %I IEEE %R 10.1109/ijcnn48605.2020.9207536 %T Forecasting Power Grid States for Regional Energy Markets with Deep Neural Networks
Improving Self-Adaptation For Multi-Sensor Activity Recognition with Active Learning.Pham Minh, T.; Kottke, D.; Tsarenko, A.; Gruhl, C.; Sick, B. In International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2020.
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@inproceedings{phamminh2020improving, author = {{Pham Minh}, T. and {Kottke}, D. and {Tsarenko}, A. and {Gruhl}, C. and {Sick}, B.}, booktitle = {International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)}, keywords = {itegpub}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Improving Self-Adaptation For Multi-Sensor Activity Recognition with Active Learning}, year = 2020 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 phamminh2020improving %A Pham Minh, T. %A Kottke, D. %A Tsarenko, A. %A Gruhl, C. %A Sick, B. %B International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) %D 2020 %I IEEE %R 10.1109/ijcnn48605.2020.9206873 %T Improving Self-Adaptation For Multi-Sensor Activity Recognition with Active Learning
Continuous Learning of Deep Neural Networks to Improve Forecasts for Regional Energy Markets.He, Yujiang; Henze, Janosch; Sick, Bernhard. In International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC) World Congress, bll 12175–12182. Elsevier, 2020.
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@inproceedings{he2020continuous, author = {He, Yujiang and Henze, Janosch and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {{International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC) World Congress}}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {12175–12182}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {Continuous Learning of Deep Neural Networks to Improve Forecasts for Regional Energy Markets}, year = 2020 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 he2020continuous %A He, Yujiang %A Henze, Janosch %A Sick, Bernhard %B International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC) World Congress %D 2020 %I Elsevier %P 12175--12182 %R 10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.1017 %T Continuous Learning of Deep Neural Networks to Improve Forecasts for Regional Energy Markets
Normal-Wishart clustering for novelty detection.Gruhl, Christian; Schmeißing, Jörn; Tomforde, Sven; Sick, Bernhard. In Workshop on Self-Improving System Integration (SISSY), ACSOS, bll 64–69. IEEE, 2020.
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@inproceedings{gruhl2020normal, author = {Gruhl, Christian and Schmei{\ss}ing, J{\"o}rn and Tomforde, Sven and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Workshop on Self-Improving System Integration (SISSY), ACSOS}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {64–69}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {{Normal-Wishart} clustering for novelty detection}, year = 2020 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 gruhl2020normal %A Gruhl, Christian %A Schmeißing, Jörn %A Tomforde, Sven %A Sick, Bernhard %B Workshop on Self-Improving System Integration (SISSY), ACSOS %D 2020 %I IEEE %P 64--69 %R 10.1109/acsos-c51401.2020.00032 %T Normal-Wishart clustering for novelty detection
Probabilistic upscaling and aggregation of wind power forecasts.Henze, Janosch; Siefert, Malte; Bremicker-Trübelhorn, Sascha; Asanalieva, Nazgul; Sick, Bernhard. In Energy, Sustainability and Society, 10(1), bl 15. BMC, 2020.
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Wind power forecasts of the expected wind feed-in for the next hours or days are necessary to integrate the generated volatile wind energy into power systems. Most forecasting models predict in some sense the best value, but they ignore the other possible outcomes which may arise because of forecasting uncertainties. Probabilistic forecasts, on the other hand, also predict a distribution of possible outcomes with their respective probabilities that specific power values will occur and therefore have higher information content. In this work, we address two problems that hinder the introduction of probabilistic forecasts in practice: (1) no measurement data are available for some wind farms and (2) the flexible aggregation of probabilistic forecasts for changing wind farm portfolios.
@article{henze2020probabilistic, abstract = {Wind power forecasts of the expected wind feed-in for the next hours or days are necessary to integrate the generated volatile wind energy into power systems. Most forecasting models predict in some sense the best value, but they ignore the other possible outcomes which may arise because of forecasting uncertainties. Probabilistic forecasts, on the other hand, also predict a distribution of possible outcomes with their respective probabilities that specific power values will occur and therefore have higher information content. In this work, we address two problems that hinder the introduction of probabilistic forecasts in practice: (1) no measurement data are available for some wind farms and (2) the flexible aggregation of probabilistic forecasts for changing wind farm portfolios.}, author = {Henze, Janosch and Siefert, Malte and Bremicker-Tr{\"u}belhorn, Sascha and Asanalieva, Nazgul and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {Energy, Sustainability and Society}, keywords = {imported}, number = 1, pages = 15, publisher = {BMC}, title = {Probabilistic upscaling and aggregation of wind power forecasts}, volume = 10, year = 2020 }
%0 Journal Article %1 henze2020probabilistic %A Henze, Janosch %A Siefert, Malte %A Bremicker-Trübelhorn, Sascha %A Asanalieva, Nazgul %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2020 %I BMC %J Energy, Sustainability and Society %N 1 %P 15 %R 10.1186/s13705-020-00247-4 %T Probabilistic upscaling and aggregation of wind power forecasts %U https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-020-00247-4 %V 10 %X Wind power forecasts of the expected wind feed-in for the next hours or days are necessary to integrate the generated volatile wind energy into power systems. Most forecasting models predict in some sense the best value, but they ignore the other possible outcomes which may arise because of forecasting uncertainties. Probabilistic forecasts, on the other hand, also predict a distribution of possible outcomes with their respective probabilities that specific power values will occur and therefore have higher information content. In this work, we address two problems that hinder the introduction of probabilistic forecasts in practice: (1) no measurement data are available for some wind farms and (2) the flexible aggregation of probabilistic forecasts for changing wind farm portfolios.
Quantile Surfaces -- Generalizing Quantile Regression to Multivariate Targets.Bieshaar, Maarten; Schreiber, Jens; Vogt, Stephan; Gensler, André; Sick, Bernhard. In arXiv e-prints, bl arXiv:2010.05898. 2020.
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@article{bieshaar2020quantile, author = {{Bieshaar}, Maarten and {Schreiber}, Jens and {Vogt}, Stephan and {Gensler}, Andr{\'e} and {Sick}, Bernhard}, journal = {arXiv e-prints}, keywords = {Applications,}, pages = {arXiv:2010.05898}, title = {{Quantile Surfaces – Generalizing Quantile Regression to Multivariate Targets}}, year = 2020 }
%0 Journal Article %1 bieshaar2020quantile %A Bieshaar, Maarten %A Schreiber, Jens %A Vogt, Stephan %A Gensler, André %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2020 %J arXiv e-prints %P arXiv:2010.05898 %T Quantile Surfaces -- Generalizing Quantile Regression to Multivariate Targets
Extended Coopetitive Soft Gating Ensemble.Deist, Stephan; Schreiber, Jens; Bieshaar, Maarten; Sick, Bernhard. In arXiv e-prints, bl arXiv:2004.14026. 2020.
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@article{deist2020extended, author = {Deist, Stephan and Schreiber, Jens and Bieshaar, Maarten and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {arXiv e-prints}, keywords = {Machine}, pages = {arXiv:2004.14026}, title = {{Extended Coopetitive Soft Gating Ensemble}}, year = 2020 }
%0 Journal Article %1 deist2020extended %A Deist, Stephan %A Schreiber, Jens %A Bieshaar, Maarten %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2020 %J arXiv e-prints %P arXiv:2004.14026 %T Extended Coopetitive Soft Gating Ensemble
Iterative Label Improvement: Robust Training by Confidence Based Filtering and Dataset Partitioning.Haase-Schütz, Christian; Stal, Rainer; Hertlein, Heinz; Sick, Bernhard. In arXiv e-prints, bl arXiv:2002.02705. 2020.
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@article{haaseschuetz2020iterative, author = {{Haase-Sch{\"u}tz}, Christian and {Stal}, Rainer and {Hertlein}, Heinz and {Sick}, Bernhard}, journal = {arXiv e-prints}, keywords = {Recognition,}, pages = {arXiv:2002.02705}, title = {{Iterative Label Improvement: Robust Training by Confidence Based Filtering and Dataset Partitioning}}, year = 2020 }
%0 Journal Article %1 haaseschuetz2020iterative %A Haase-Schütz, Christian %A Stal, Rainer %A Hertlein, Heinz %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2020 %J arXiv e-prints %P arXiv:2002.02705 %T Iterative Label Improvement: Robust Training by Confidence Based Filtering and Dataset Partitioning
Seeing Around Street Corners: Non-Line-of-Sight Detection and Tracking In-the-Wild Using Doppler Radar.Scheiner, Nicolas; Kraus, Florian; Wei, Fangyin; Phan, Buu; Mannan, Fahim; Appenrodt, Nils; Ritter, Werner; Dickmann, Jurgen; Dietmayer, Klaus; Sick, Bernhard; Heide, Felix. In IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2020.
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@inproceedings{scheiner2020seeing, author = {Scheiner, Nicolas and Kraus, Florian and Wei, Fangyin and Phan, Buu and Mannan, Fahim and Appenrodt, Nils and Ritter, Werner and Dickmann, Jurgen and Dietmayer, Klaus and Sick, Bernhard and Heide, Felix}, booktitle = {IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)}, keywords = {itegpub}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Seeing Around Street Corners: Non-Line-of-Sight Detection and Tracking In-the-Wild Using Doppler Radar}, year = 2020 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 scheiner2020seeing %A Scheiner, Nicolas %A Kraus, Florian %A Wei, Fangyin %A Phan, Buu %A Mannan, Fahim %A Appenrodt, Nils %A Ritter, Werner %A Dickmann, Jurgen %A Dietmayer, Klaus %A Sick, Bernhard %A Heide, Felix %B IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) %D 2020 %I IEEE %R 10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.00214 %T Seeing Around Street Corners: Non-Line-of-Sight Detection and Tracking In-the-Wild Using Doppler Radar
Reconstruction of offsets of an electron gun using deep learning and an optimization algorithm.Meier, David; Hartmann, Gregor; Völker, Jens; Viefhaus, Jens; Sick, Bernhard. In Advances in Computational Methods for X-Ray Optics V, bll 71–77. SPIE, 2020.
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@inproceedings{meier2020reconstruction, author = {Meier, David and Hartmann, Gregor and Völker, Jens and Viefhaus, Jens and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Advances in Computational Methods for X-Ray Optics V}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {71–77}, publisher = {SPIE}, title = {Reconstruction of offsets of an electron gun using deep learning and an optimization algorithm}, year = 2020 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 meier2020reconstruction %A Meier, David %A Hartmann, Gregor %A Völker, Jens %A Viefhaus, Jens %A Sick, Bernhard %B Advances in Computational Methods for X-Ray Optics V %D 2020 %I SPIE %P 71--77 %R 10.1117/12.2568001 %T Reconstruction of offsets of an electron gun using deep learning and an optimization algorithm %U https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2568001
Efficient SVDD Sampling with Approximation Guarantees for the Decision Boundary.Englhardt, Adrian; Trittenbach, Holger; Kottke, Daniel; Sick, Bernhard; Böhm, Klemens. In arXiv e-prints, bl arXiv:2009.13853. 2020.
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@article{englhardt2020efficient, author = {{Englhardt}, Adrian and {Trittenbach}, Holger and {Kottke}, Daniel and {Sick}, Bernhard and {B{\"o}hm}, Klemens}, journal = {arXiv e-prints}, keywords = {Machine}, pages = {arXiv:2009.13853}, title = {{Efficient SVDD Sampling with Approximation Guarantees for the Decision Boundary}}, year = 2020 }
%0 Journal Article %1 englhardt2020efficient %A Englhardt, Adrian %A Trittenbach, Holger %A Kottke, Daniel %A Sick, Bernhard %A Böhm, Klemens %D 2020 %J arXiv e-prints %P arXiv:2009.13853 %T Efficient SVDD Sampling with Approximation Guarantees for the Decision Boundary

2019[ to top ]

Transfer Learning in the Field of Renewable Energies -- A Transfer Learning Framework Providing Power Forecasts Throughout the Lifecycle of Wind Farms After Initial Connection to the Electrical Grid.Schreiber, Jens. In Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2018, S. Tomforde, B. Sick (reds.), bll 75–87. kassel university press, Kassel, Germany, 2019.
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@incollection{schreiber2019transfer, address = {Kassel, Germany}, author = {Schreiber, Jens}, booktitle = {Organic Computing – Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2018}, editor = {Tomforde, S. and Sick, B.}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {75–87}, publisher = {kassel university press}, title = {Transfer Learning in the Field of Renewable Energies – {A} Transfer Learning Framework Providing Power Forecasts Throughout the Lifecycle of Wind Farms After Initial Connection to the Electrical Grid}, year = 2019 }
%0 Book Section %1 schreiber2019transfer %A Schreiber, Jens %B Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2018 %C Kassel, Germany %D 2019 %E Tomforde, S. %E Sick, B. %I kassel university press %P 75--87 %T Transfer Learning in the Field of Renewable Energies -- A Transfer Learning Framework Providing Power Forecasts Throughout the Lifecycle of Wind Farms After Initial Connection to the Electrical Grid
Generative Adversarial Networks for Operational Scenario Planning of Renewable Energy Farms: A Study on Wind and Photovoltaic.Schreiber, Jens; Jessulat, Maik; Sick, Bernhard. In International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning (ICANN): Image Processing, bll 550–564. Springer, Cham, 2019.
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@inproceedings{schreiber2019generative, address = {Cham}, author = {Schreiber, Jens and Jessulat, Maik and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning (ICANN): Image Processing}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {550–564}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Generative Adversarial Networks for Operational Scenario Planning of Renewable Energy Farms: A Study on Wind and Photovoltaic}, year = 2019 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 schreiber2019generative %A Schreiber, Jens %A Jessulat, Maik %A Sick, Bernhard %B International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning (ICANN): Image Processing %C Cham %D 2019 %I Springer %P 550--564 %R 10.1007/978-3-030-30508-6_44 %T Generative Adversarial Networks for Operational Scenario Planning of Renewable Energy Farms: A Study on Wind and Photovoltaic %@ 978-3-030-30508-6
Trajectory Forecasts with Uncertainties of Vulnerable Road Users by Means of Neural Networks.Zernetsch, S.; Reichert, H.; Kress, V.; Doll, K.; Sick, B. In IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), bll 810–815. IEEE, 2019.
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@inproceedings{zernetsch2019trajectory, author = {{Zernetsch}, S. and {Reichert}, H. and {Kress}, V. and {Doll}, K. and {Sick}, B.}, booktitle = {IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {810–815}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Trajectory Forecasts with Uncertainties of Vulnerable Road Users by Means of Neural Networks}, year = 2019 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 zernetsch2019trajectory %A Zernetsch, S. %A Reichert, H. %A Kress, V. %A Doll, K. %A Sick, B. %B IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV) %D 2019 %I IEEE %P 810--815 %R 10.1109/IVS.2019.8814258 %T Trajectory Forecasts with Uncertainties of Vulnerable Road Users by Means of Neural Networks
Using grid supporting flexibility in electricity distribution networks.König, Immanuel; Heilmann, Erik; Henze, Janosch; David, Klaus; Wetzel, Heike; Sick, Bernhard. In INFORMATIK 2019: 50 Jahre Gesellschaft für Informatik -- Informatik für Gesellschaft, bll 531–544. Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V., Bonn, 2019.
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@inproceedings{koenig2019using, address = {Bonn}, author = {König, Immanuel and Heilmann, Erik and Henze, Janosch and David, Klaus and Wetzel, Heike and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {INFORMATIK 2019: 50 Jahre Gesellschaft für Informatik – Informatik für Gesellschaft}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {531–544}, publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.}, title = {Using grid supporting flexibility in electricity distribution networks}, year = 2019 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 koenig2019using %A König, Immanuel %A Heilmann, Erik %A Henze, Janosch %A David, Klaus %A Wetzel, Heike %A Sick, Bernhard %B INFORMATIK 2019: 50 Jahre Gesellschaft für Informatik -- Informatik für Gesellschaft %C Bonn %D 2019 %I Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. %P 531--544 %R 10.18420/inf2019_70 %T Using grid supporting flexibility in electricity distribution networks
Combining Self-reported Confidences from Uncertain Annotators to Improve Label Quality.Sandrock, C.; Herde, M.; Calma, A.; Kottke, D.; Sick, B. In International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), bll 1–8. IEEE, 2019.
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@inproceedings{sandrock2019combining, author = {{Sandrock}, C. and {Herde}, M. and {Calma}, A. and {Kottke}, D. and {Sick}, B.}, booktitle = {International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)}, keywords = {annotators;confidence}, pages = {1–8}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Combining Self-reported Confidences from Uncertain Annotators to Improve Label Quality}, year = 2019 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 sandrock2019combining %A Sandrock, C. %A Herde, M. %A Calma, A. %A Kottke, D. %A Sick, B. %B International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) %D 2019 %I IEEE %P 1--8 %R 10.1109/IJCNN.2019.8852456 %T Combining Self-reported Confidences from Uncertain Annotators to Improve Label Quality
Towards Corner Case Identification in Cyclists’ Trajectories.Heidecker, F.; Bieshaar, M.; Sick, B. In ACM Computer Science in Cars Symposium (CSCS). ACM, 2019.
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@inproceedings{heidecker2019towards, author = {Heidecker, F. and Bieshaar, M. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {ACM Computer Science in Cars Symposium (CSCS)}, keywords = {imported}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Towards Corner Case Identification in Cyclists’ Trajectories}, year = 2019 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 heidecker2019towards %A Heidecker, F. %A Bieshaar, M. %A Sick, B. %B ACM Computer Science in Cars Symposium (CSCS) %D 2019 %I ACM %T Towards Corner Case Identification in Cyclists’ Trajectories %U https://cscs19.cispa.saarland/files/cscs19_camera_ready/28_fhmbbs_19_cscs_.pdf
Wind Power Forecasting Based on Deep Neural Networks and Transfer Learning.Vogt, Stephan; Braun, Axel; Dobschinski, Jan; Sick, Bernhard. In Wind Integration Workshop. Dublin, Ireland, 2019.
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@inproceedings{vogt2019wind, address = {Dublin, Ireland}, author = {Vogt, Stephan and Braun, Axel and Dobschinski, Jan and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Wind Integration Workshop}, keywords = {imported}, title = {Wind Power Forecasting Based on Deep Neural Networks and Transfer Learning}, year = 2019 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 vogt2019wind %A Vogt, Stephan %A Braun, Axel %A Dobschinski, Jan %A Sick, Bernhard %B Wind Integration Workshop %C Dublin, Ireland %D 2019 %R 10.24406/publica-fhg-406413 %T Wind Power Forecasting Based on Deep Neural Networks and Transfer Learning
Decision Support with Hybrid Intelligence.Calma, Adrian; Dellermann, Dominik. In Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2018, S. Tomforde, B. Sick (reds.), bll 143–153. kassel university press, Kassel, Germany, 2019.
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@incollection{calma2019decision, address = {Kassel, Germany}, author = {Calma, Adrian and Dellermann, Dominik}, booktitle = {Organic Computing – Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2018}, editor = {Tomforde, S. and Sick, B.}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {143–153}, publisher = {kassel university press}, title = {Decision Support with Hybrid Intelligence}, year = 2019 }
%0 Book Section %1 calma2019decision %A Calma, Adrian %A Dellermann, Dominik %B Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2018 %C Kassel, Germany %D 2019 %E Tomforde, S. %E Sick, B. %I kassel university press %P 143--153 %T Decision Support with Hybrid Intelligence
Pose Based Start Intention Detection of Cyclists.Kress, V.; Jung, J.; Zernetsch, S.; Doll, K.; Sick, B. In IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), bll 2381–2386. IEEE, 2019.
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@inproceedings{kress2019posea, author = {{Kress}, V. and {Jung}, J. and {Zernetsch}, S. and {Doll}, K. and {Sick}, B.}, booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)}, keywords = {displays}, pages = {2381–2386}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Pose Based Start Intention Detection of Cyclists}, year = 2019 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 kress2019posea %A Kress, V. %A Jung, J. %A Zernetsch, S. %A Doll, K. %A Sick, B. %B IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) %D 2019 %I IEEE %P 2381--2386 %R 10.1109/ITSC.2019.8917215 %T Pose Based Start Intention Detection of Cyclists
Smart Device Based Initial Movement Detection of Cyclists Using Convolutional Neural Networks.Schneegans, Jan; Bieshaar, Maarten. In Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2018, S. Tomforde, B. Sick (reds.), bll 45–60. kassel university press, Kassel, Germany, 2019.
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- [ EndNote ]
@incollection{schneegans2019smart, address = {Kassel, Germany}, author = {Schneegans, Jan and Bieshaar, Maarten}, booktitle = {Organic Computing – Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2018}, editor = {Tomforde, S. and Sick, B.}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {45–60}, publisher = {kassel university press}, title = {Smart Device Based Initial Movement Detection of Cyclists Using Convolutional Neural Networks}, year = 2019 }
%0 Book Section %1 schneegans2019smart %A Schneegans, Jan %A Bieshaar, Maarten %B Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2018 %C Kassel, Germany %D 2019 %E Tomforde, S. %E Sick, B. %I kassel university press %P 45--60 %T Smart Device Based Initial Movement Detection of Cyclists Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Radar-based Road User Classification and Novelty Detection with Recurrent Neural Network Ensembles.Scheiner, Nicolas; Appenrodt, Nils; Dickmann, Jürgen; Sick, Bernhard. In IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), bll 642–649. IEEE, Paris, France, 2019.
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- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{scheiner2019radar, address = {Paris, France}, author = {Scheiner, Nicolas and Appenrodt, Nils and Dickmann, J{\"{u}}rgen and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {642–649}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Radar-based Road User Classification and Novelty Detection with Recurrent Neural Network Ensembles}, year = 2019 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 scheiner2019radar %A Scheiner, Nicolas %A Appenrodt, Nils %A Dickmann, Jürgen %A Sick, Bernhard %B IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV) %C Paris, France %D 2019 %I IEEE %P 642--649 %R 10.1109/ivs.2019.8813773 %T Radar-based Road User Classification and Novelty Detection with Recurrent Neural Network Ensembles
Limitations of Assessing Active Learning Performance at Runtime.Kottke, Daniel; Schellinger, Jim; Huseljic, Denis; Sick, Bernhard. In arXiv e-prints, bl arXiv:1901.10338. 2019.
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
@article{kottke2019limitations, author = {{Kottke}, Daniel and {Schellinger}, Jim and {Huseljic}, Denis and {Sick}, Bernhard}, journal = {arXiv e-prints}, keywords = {Machine}, pages = {arXiv:1901.10338}, title = {{Limitations of Assessing Active Learning Performance at Runtime}}, year = 2019 }
%0 Journal Article %1 kottke2019limitations %A Kottke, Daniel %A Schellinger, Jim %A Huseljic, Denis %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2019 %J arXiv e-prints %P arXiv:1901.10338 %T Limitations of Assessing Active Learning Performance at Runtime
Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2018. Tomforde, S.; Sick, B. In Vol. 13Intelligent Embedded Systems. kassel university press, 2019.
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
@book{tomforde2019organic, editor = {Tomforde, S. and Sick, B.}, keywords = {itegpub}, publisher = {kassel university press}, series = {Intelligent Embedded Systems}, title = {Organic Computing – Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2018}, volume = 13, year = 2019 }
%0 Book %1 tomforde2019organic %B Intelligent Embedded Systems %D 2019 %E Tomforde, S. %E Sick, B. %I kassel university press %R 10.19211/KUP9783737606974 %T Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2018 %V 13
Explicit Consideration of Resilience in Organic Computing Design Processes.Tomforde, S.; Gelhausen, P.; Gruhl, C.; Haering, I.; Sick, B. In International Workshop on Self-optimisation in Organic and Autonomic Computing Systems (SAOS), ARCS, bll 1–6. VDE, 2019.
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- [ EndNote ]
- [ URL ]
@inproceedings{tomforde2019explicit, author = {{Tomforde}, S. and {Gelhausen}, P. and {Gruhl}, C. and {Haering}, I. and {Sick}, B.}, booktitle = {International Workshop on Self-optimisation in Organic and Autonomic Computing Systems (SAOS), ARCS}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {1–6}, publisher = {VDE}, title = {Explicit Consideration of Resilience in Organic Computing Design Processes}, year = 2019 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 tomforde2019explicit %A Tomforde, S. %A Gelhausen, P. %A Gruhl, C. %A Haering, I. %A Sick, B. %B International Workshop on Self-optimisation in Organic and Autonomic Computing Systems (SAOS), ARCS %D 2019 %I VDE %P 1--6 %T Explicit Consideration of Resilience in Organic Computing Design Processes %U https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8836197
Intentions of Vulnerable Road Users -- Detection and Forecasting by Means of Machine Learning.Goldhammer, M.; Köhler, S.; Zernetsch, S.; Doll, K.; Sick, B.; Dietmayer, K. In IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 21(7), bll 3035–3045. IEEE, 2019.
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@article{goldhammer2019intentions, author = {{Goldhammer}, M. and {Köhler}, S. and {Zernetsch}, S. and {Doll}, K. and {Sick}, B. and {Dietmayer}, K.}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems}, keywords = {imported}, number = 7, pages = {3035–3045}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Intentions of Vulnerable Road Users – {D}etection and Forecasting by Means of Machine Learning}, volume = 21, year = 2019 }
%0 Journal Article %1 goldhammer2019intentions %A Goldhammer, M. %A Köhler, S. %A Zernetsch, S. %A Doll, K. %A Sick, B. %A Dietmayer, K. %D 2019 %I IEEE %J IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems %N 7 %P 3035--3045 %R 10.1109/TITS.2019.2923319 %T Intentions of Vulnerable Road Users -- Detection and Forecasting by Means of Machine Learning %V 21
INFORMATIK 2019: 50 Jahre Gesellschaft für Informatik -- Informatik für Gesellschaft (Workshop-Beitr{{ä}}ge). Draude, Claude; Lange, Martin; Sick, Bernhard. Vol. P295. Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V., 2019.
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- [ URL ]
@proceedings{draude2019informatik, editor = {Draude, Claude and Lange, Martin and Sick, Bernhard}, keywords = {imported}, publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.}, title = {INFORMATIK 2019: 50 Jahre Gesellschaft f{\"{u}}r Informatik – Informatik f{\"{u}}r Gesellschaft (Workshop-Beitr{\"{a}}ge)}, volume = {{P295}}, year = 2019 }
%0 Conference Proceedings %1 draude2019informatik %D 2019 %E Draude, Claude %E Lange, Martin %E Sick, Bernhard %I Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. %T INFORMATIK 2019: 50 Jahre Gesellschaft für Informatik -- Informatik für Gesellschaft (Workshop-Beitr{{ä}}ge) %U https://dl.gi.de/handle/20.500.12116/25040 %V P295 %@ 978-3-88579-689-3
Influences in Forecast Errors for Wind and Photovoltaic Power: A Study on Machine Learning Models.Schreiber, Jens; Buschin, Artjom; Sick, Bernhard. In INFORMATIK 2019: 50 Jahre Gesellschaft für Informatik -- Informatik für Gesellschaft, bll 585–598. Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V., Bonn, 2019.
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{schreiber2019influences, address = {Bonn}, author = {Schreiber, Jens and Buschin, Artjom and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {INFORMATIK 2019: 50 Jahre Gesellschaft für Informatik – Informatik für Gesellschaft}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {585–598}, publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.}, title = {Influences in Forecast Errors for Wind and Photovoltaic Power: A Study on Machine Learning Models}, year = 2019 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 schreiber2019influences %A Schreiber, Jens %A Buschin, Artjom %A Sick, Bernhard %B INFORMATIK 2019: 50 Jahre Gesellschaft für Informatik -- Informatik für Gesellschaft %C Bonn %D 2019 %I Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. %P 585--598 %R 10.18420/inf2019_74 %T Influences in Forecast Errors for Wind and Photovoltaic Power: A Study on Machine Learning Models
Early Pedestrian Movement Detection Using Smart Devices Based on Human Activity Recognition.Botache, Diego; Dandan, Liu; Bieshaar, Maarten; Sick, Bernhard. In INFORMATIK 2019: 50 Jahre Gesellschaft für Informatik -- Informatik für Gesellschaft (Workshop-Beiträge), bll 229–238. Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V., Bonn, 2019.
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- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{botache2019early, address = {Bonn}, author = {Botache, Diego and Dandan, Liu and Bieshaar, Maarten and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {INFORMATIK 2019: 50 Jahre Gesellschaft für Informatik – Informatik für Gesellschaft (Workshop-Beiträge)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {229–238}, publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.}, title = {Early Pedestrian Movement Detection Using Smart Devices Based on Human Activity Recognition}, year = 2019 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 botache2019early %A Botache, Diego %A Dandan, Liu %A Bieshaar, Maarten %A Sick, Bernhard %B INFORMATIK 2019: 50 Jahre Gesellschaft für Informatik -- Informatik für Gesellschaft (Workshop-Beiträge) %C Bonn %D 2019 %I Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. %P 229--238 %R 10.18420/inf2019_ws26 %T Early Pedestrian Movement Detection Using Smart Devices Based on Human Activity Recognition
Pose Based Trajectory Forecast of Vulnerable Road Users.Kress, V.; Zernetsch, S.; Doll, K.; Sick, B. In IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI). IEEE, Xiamen, 2019.
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@inproceedings{kress2019pose, address = {Xiamen}, author = {Kress, V. and Zernetsch, S. and Doll, K. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)}, keywords = {imported}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Pose Based Trajectory Forecast of Vulnerable Road Users}, year = 2019 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 kress2019pose %A Kress, V. %A Zernetsch, S. %A Doll, K. %A Sick, B. %B IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI) %C Xiamen %D 2019 %I IEEE %R 10.1109/ssci44817.2019.9003023 %T Pose Based Trajectory Forecast of Vulnerable Road Users
Start Intention Detection of Cyclists using an LSTM Network.Kress, Viktor; Jung, Janis; Zernetsch, Stefan; Doll, Konrad; Sick, Bernhard. In INFORMATIK 2019: 50 Jahre Gesellschaft für Informatik -- Informatik für Gesellschaft (Workshop-Beiträge), bll 219–228. Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V., Bonn, 2019.
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- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{kress2019start, address = {Bonn}, author = {Kress, Viktor and Jung, Janis and Zernetsch, Stefan and Doll, Konrad and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {INFORMATIK 2019: 50 Jahre Gesellschaft für Informatik – Informatik für Gesellschaft (Workshop-Beiträge)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {219–228}, publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.}, title = {Start Intention Detection of Cyclists using an {LSTM} Network}, year = 2019 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 kress2019start %A Kress, Viktor %A Jung, Janis %A Zernetsch, Stefan %A Doll, Konrad %A Sick, Bernhard %B INFORMATIK 2019: 50 Jahre Gesellschaft für Informatik -- Informatik für Gesellschaft (Workshop-Beiträge) %C Bonn %D 2019 %I Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. %P 219--228 %R 10.18420/inf2019_ws25 %T Start Intention Detection of Cyclists using an LSTM Network

2018[ to top ]

Gestaltungsraum für proactive Smart Homes zur Gesundheitsförderung.Kromat, Theresa; Dehling, Tobias; Haux, Reinhold; Peters, Christoph; Sick, Bernhard; Tomforde, Sven; Wolf, Klaus-Hendrik; Sunyaev, Ali. In Multikonferenz Wirtschaftsinformatik. Lüneburg, Germany, 2018.
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@inproceedings{kromat2018gestaltungsraum, address = {L{\"u}neburg, Germany}, author = {Kromat, Theresa and Dehling, Tobias and Haux, Reinhold and Peters, Christoph and Sick, Bernhard and Tomforde, Sven and Wolf, Klaus-Hendrik and Sunyaev, Ali}, booktitle = {Multikonferenz Wirtschaftsinformatik}, keywords = {imported}, title = {Gestaltungsraum für proactive Smart Homes zur Gesundheitsförderung}, year = 2018 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 kromat2018gestaltungsraum %A Kromat, Theresa %A Dehling, Tobias %A Haux, Reinhold %A Peters, Christoph %A Sick, Bernhard %A Tomforde, Sven %A Wolf, Klaus-Hendrik %A Sunyaev, Ali %B Multikonferenz Wirtschaftsinformatik %C Lüneburg, Germany %D 2018 %T Gestaltungsraum für proactive Smart Homes zur Gesundheitsförderung
Leveraging the Potentials of Dedicated Collaborative Interactive Learning: Conceptual Foundations to Overcome Uncertainty by Human-Machine Collaboration.Calma, Adrian; Oeste-Reiß, Sarah; Sick, Bernhard; Leimeister, Jan Marco. In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). 2018.
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@inproceedings{calma2018leveraging, author = {Calma, Adrian and Oeste-Rei{\ss}, Sarah and Sick, Bernhard and Leimeister, Jan Marco}, booktitle = {Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)}, keywords = {imported}, title = {Leveraging the Potentials of Dedicated Collaborative Interactive Learning: Conceptual Foundations to Overcome Uncertainty by Human-Machine Collaboration}, year = 2018 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 calma2018leveraging %A Calma, Adrian %A Oeste-Reiß, Sarah %A Sick, Bernhard %A Leimeister, Jan Marco %B Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) %D 2018 %R 10.24251/hicss.2018.120 %T Leveraging the Potentials of Dedicated Collaborative Interactive Learning: Conceptual Foundations to Overcome Uncertainty by Human-Machine Collaboration
Human Pose Estimation in Real Traffic Scenes.Kress, V.; Jung, J.; Zernetsch, S.; Doll, K.; Sick, B. In IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI). IEEE, Bangalore, India, 2018.
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@inproceedings{kress2018human, address = {Bangalore, India}, author = {Kress, V. and Jung, J. and Zernetsch, S. and Doll, K. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)}, keywords = {imported}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Human Pose Estimation in Real Traffic Scenes}, year = 2018 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 kress2018human %A Kress, V. %A Jung, J. %A Zernetsch, S. %A Doll, K. %A Sick, B. %B IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI) %C Bangalore, India %D 2018 %I IEEE %R 10.1109/ssci.2018.8628660 %T Human Pose Estimation in Real Traffic Scenes
Hosting capacity of low-voltage grids for distributed generation: Classification by means of machine learning techniques.Breker, Sebastian; Rentmeister, Jan; Sick, Bernhard; Braun, Martin. In Applied Soft Computing, 70, bll 195–207. Elsevier, 2018.
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@article{breker2018hosting, author = {Breker, Sebastian and Rentmeister, Jan and Sick, Bernhard and Braun, Martin}, journal = {Applied Soft Computing}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {195–207}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {Hosting capacity of low-voltage grids for distributed generation: Classification by means of machine learning techniques}, volume = 70, year = 2018 }
%0 Journal Article %1 breker2018hosting %A Breker, Sebastian %A Rentmeister, Jan %A Sick, Bernhard %A Braun, Martin %D 2018 %I Elsevier %J Applied Soft Computing %P 195--207 %R 10.1016/j.asoc.2018.05.007 %T Hosting capacity of low-voltage grids for distributed generation: Classification by means of machine learning techniques %V 70
Hijacked Smart Devices -- Methodical Foundations for Autonomous Theft Awareness based on Activity Recognition and Novelty Detection.Jänicke, Martin; Schmidt, Viktor; Sick, Bernhard; Tomforde, Sven; Lukowicz, Paul. In International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART). 2018.
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@inproceedings{jaenicke2018hijacked, author = {J{\"a}nicke, Martin and Schmidt, Viktor and Sick, Bernhard and Tomforde, Sven and Lukowicz, Paul}, booktitle = {International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART)}, keywords = {imported}, title = {Hijacked Smart Devices – Methodical Foundations for Autonomous Theft Awareness based on Activity Recognition and Novelty Detection}, year = 2018 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 jaenicke2018hijacked %A Jänicke, Martin %A Schmidt, Viktor %A Sick, Bernhard %A Tomforde, Sven %A Lukowicz, Paul %B International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART) %D 2018 %R 10.5220/0006594901310142 %T Hijacked Smart Devices -- Methodical Foundations for Autonomous Theft Awareness based on Activity Recognition and Novelty Detection
Workshop on Interactive Adaptive Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD. Krempl, Georg; Lemaire, Vincent; Kottke, Daniel; Calma, Adrian; Holzinger, Andreas; Polikar, Robi; Sick, Bernhard. In Vol. 2192CEUR Workshop Proceedings. 2018.
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- [ URL ]
@proceedings{krempl2018workshop, editor = {Krempl, Georg and Lemaire, Vincent and Kottke, Daniel and Calma, Adrian and Holzinger, Andreas and Polikar, Robi and Sick, Bernhard}, keywords = {imported}, series = {{CEUR} Workshop Proceedings}, title = {Workshop on Interactive Adaptive Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD}, volume = 2192, year = 2018 }
%0 Conference Proceedings %1 krempl2018workshop %B CEUR Workshop Proceedings %D 2018 %E Krempl, Georg %E Lemaire, Vincent %E Kottke, Daniel %E Calma, Adrian %E Holzinger, Andreas %E Polikar, Robi %E Sick, Bernhard %T Workshop on Interactive Adaptive Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD %U http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2192 %V 2192
Quantifying the Influences on Probabilistic Wind Power Forecasts.Schreiber, Jens; Sick, Bernhard. In International Conference on Power and Renewable Energy (ICPRE), bll 1–6. 2018.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
In recent years, probabilistic forecasts techniques were proposed in research as well as in applications to integrate volatile renewable energy resources into the electrical grid. These techniques allow decision makers to take the uncertainty of the prediction into account and, therefore, to devise optimal decisions, e.g., related to costs and risks in the electrical grid. However, it was yet not studied how the input, such as numerical weather predictions, affects the model output of forecasting models in detail. Therefore, we examine the potential influences with techniques from the field of sensitivity analysis on three different black-box models to obtain insights into differences and similarities of these probabilistic models. The analysis shows a considerable number of potential influences in those models depending on, e.g., the predicted probability and the type of model. These effects motivate the need to take various influences into account when models are tested, analyzed, or compared. Nevertheless, results of the sensitivity analysis will allow us to select a model with advantages in the practical application.
@inproceedings{schreiber2018quantifying, abstract = {In recent years, probabilistic forecasts techniques were proposed in research as well as in applications to integrate volatile renewable energy resources into the electrical grid. These techniques allow decision makers to take the uncertainty of the prediction into account and, therefore, to devise optimal decisions, e.g., related to costs and risks in the electrical grid. However, it was yet not studied how the input, such as numerical weather predictions, affects the model output of forecasting models in detail. Therefore, we examine the potential influences with techniques from the field of sensitivity analysis on three different black-box models to obtain insights into differences and similarities of these probabilistic models. The analysis shows a considerable number of potential influences in those models depending on, e.g., the predicted probability and the type of model. These effects motivate the need to take various influences into account when models are tested, analyzed, or compared. Nevertheless, results of the sensitivity analysis will allow us to select a model with advantages in the practical application.}, author = {Schreiber, Jens and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {International Conference on Power and Renewable Energy (ICPRE)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {1–6}, title = {Quantifying the Influences on Probabilistic Wind Power Forecasts}, year = 2018 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 schreiber2018quantifying %A Schreiber, Jens %A Sick, Bernhard %B International Conference on Power and Renewable Energy (ICPRE) %D 2018 %P 1--6 %R 10.1051/e3sconf/20186406002 %T Quantifying the Influences on Probabilistic Wind Power Forecasts %X In recent years, probabilistic forecasts techniques were proposed in research as well as in applications to integrate volatile renewable energy resources into the electrical grid. These techniques allow decision makers to take the uncertainty of the prediction into account and, therefore, to devise optimal decisions, e.g., related to costs and risks in the electrical grid. However, it was yet not studied how the input, such as numerical weather predictions, affects the model output of forecasting models in detail. Therefore, we examine the potential influences with techniques from the field of sensitivity analysis on three different black-box models to obtain insights into differences and similarities of these probabilistic models. The analysis shows a considerable number of potential influences in those models depending on, e.g., the predicted probability and the type of model. These effects motivate the need to take various influences into account when models are tested, analyzed, or compared. Nevertheless, results of the sensitivity analysis will allow us to select a model with advantages in the practical application.
Novelty detection with CANDIES: a holistic technique based on probabilistic models.Gruhl, Christian; Sick, Bernhard. In International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 9(6), bll 927–945. Springer, 2018.
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@article{gruhl2018novelty, author = {Gruhl, Christian and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics}, keywords = {imported}, number = 6, pages = {927–945}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Novelty detection with {CANDIES:} a holistic technique based on probabilistic models}, volume = 9, year = 2018 }
%0 Journal Article %1 gruhl2018novelty %A Gruhl, Christian %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2018 %I Springer %J International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics %N 6 %P 927--945 %R 10.1007/s13042-016-0618-8 %T Novelty detection with CANDIES: a holistic technique based on probabilistic models %V 9
Radar-based Feature Design and Multiclass Classification for Road User Recognition.Scheiner, Nicolas; Appenrodt, Nils; Dickmann, Jürgen; Sick, Bernhard. In IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), bll 779–786. IEEE, Changshu, China, 2018.
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@inproceedings{scheiner2018radar, address = {Changshu, China}, author = {Scheiner, Nicolas and Appenrodt, Nils and Dickmann, J{\"{u}}rgen and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {779–786}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Radar-based Feature Design and Multiclass Classification for Road User Recognition}, year = 2018 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 scheiner2018radar %A Scheiner, Nicolas %A Appenrodt, Nils %A Dickmann, Jürgen %A Sick, Bernhard %B IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV) %C Changshu, China %D 2018 %I IEEE %P 779--786 %R 10.1109/ivs.2018.8500607 %T Radar-based Feature Design and Multiclass Classification for Road User Recognition
Comparing the Effects of Disturbances in Self-adaptive Systems - A Generalised Approach for the Quantification of Robustness.Tomforde, Sven; Kantert, Jan; Müller-Schloer, Christian; Bödelt, Sebastian; Sick, Bernhard. In Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence, 28, bll 193–220. Springer, 2018.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
Self-adaptation and self-organisation (SASO) are increasingly used in information and communication technology to master complexity and keep the administrative effort at an acceptable level. However, using SASO mechanisms is not an end in itself -- the primary goal is typically to allow for a higher autonomy of systems in order to react appropriately to disturbances and dynamics in the environmental conditions. We refer to this goal as achieving "robustness". During design-time, engineers have different possibilities to develop SASO mechanisms for an underlying control problem. When deciding which path to follow, an analysis of the inherent robustness of possible solutions is necessary. In this article, we present a novel quantification method for robustness that provides the basis to compare different control strategies in similar conditions.
@article{tomforde2018comparing, abstract = {Self-adaptation and self-organisation (SASO) are increasingly used in information and communication technology to master complexity and keep the administrative effort at an acceptable level. However, using SASO mechanisms is not an end in itself – the primary goal is typically to allow for a higher autonomy of systems in order to react appropriately to disturbances and dynamics in the environmental conditions. We refer to this goal as achieving "robustness". During design-time, engineers have different possibilities to develop SASO mechanisms for an underlying control problem. When deciding which path to follow, an analysis of the inherent robustness of possible solutions is necessary. In this article, we present a novel quantification method for robustness that provides the basis to compare different control strategies in similar conditions.}, author = {Tomforde, Sven and Kantert, Jan and M{\"{u}}ller{-}Schloer, Christian and B{\"{o}}delt, Sebastian and Sick, Bernhard}, journal = {Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {193–220}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Comparing the Effects of Disturbances in Self-adaptive Systems - {A} Generalised Approach for the Quantification of Robustness}, volume = 28, year = 2018 }
%0 Journal Article %1 tomforde2018comparing %A Tomforde, Sven %A Kantert, Jan %A Müller-Schloer, Christian %A Bödelt, Sebastian %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2018 %I Springer %J Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence %P 193--220 %R 10.1007/978-3-319-78301-7_9 %T Comparing the Effects of Disturbances in Self-adaptive Systems - A Generalised Approach for the Quantification of Robustness %V 28 %X Self-adaptation and self-organisation (SASO) are increasingly used in information and communication technology to master complexity and keep the administrative effort at an acceptable level. However, using SASO mechanisms is not an end in itself -- the primary goal is typically to allow for a higher autonomy of systems in order to react appropriately to disturbances and dynamics in the environmental conditions. We refer to this goal as achieving "robustness". During design-time, engineers have different possibilities to develop SASO mechanisms for an underlying control problem. When deciding which path to follow, an analysis of the inherent robustness of possible solutions is necessary. In this article, we present a novel quantification method for robustness that provides the basis to compare different control strategies in similar conditions.
Towards Proactive Health-enabling Living Environments: Simulation-based Study and Research Challenges.Tomforde, Sven; Dehling, Tobias; Haux, Reinhold; Huseljic, Denis; Kottke, Daniel; Scheerbaum, Jonas; Sick, Bernhard; Sunyaev, Ali; Wolf, Klaus-Hendrik. In International Workshop on Self-optimisation in Organic and Autonomic Computing Systems (SAOS), ARCS, bll 1–8. VDE, 2018.
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@inproceedings{tomforde2018towards, author = {Tomforde, Sven and Dehling, Tobias and Haux, Reinhold and Huseljic, Denis and Kottke, Daniel and Scheerbaum, Jonas and Sick, Bernhard and Sunyaev, Ali and Wolf, Klaus-Hendrik}, booktitle = {International Workshop on Self-optimisation in Organic and Autonomic Computing Systems (SAOS), ARCS}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {1–8}, publisher = {VDE}, title = {Towards Proactive Health-enabling Living Environments: Simulation-based Study and Research Challenges}, year = 2018 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 tomforde2018towards %A Tomforde, Sven %A Dehling, Tobias %A Haux, Reinhold %A Huseljic, Denis %A Kottke, Daniel %A Scheerbaum, Jonas %A Sick, Bernhard %A Sunyaev, Ali %A Wolf, Klaus-Hendrik %B International Workshop on Self-optimisation in Organic and Autonomic Computing Systems (SAOS), ARCS %D 2018 %I VDE %P 1--8 %T Towards Proactive Health-enabling Living Environments: Simulation-based Study and Research Challenges
Towards Cooperative Self-adapting Activity Recognition.Jahn, Andreas; Tomforde, Sven; Morold, Michel; David, Klaus; Sick, Bernhard. In International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Embedded Computing and Communication Systems (PECCS), bll 215–222. 2018.
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@inproceedings{jahn2018towards, author = {Jahn, Andreas and Tomforde, Sven and Morold, Michel and David, Klaus and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Embedded Computing and Communication Systems (PECCS)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {215–222}, title = {Towards Cooperative Self-adapting Activity Recognition}, year = 2018 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 jahn2018towards %A Jahn, Andreas %A Tomforde, Sven %A Morold, Michel %A David, Klaus %A Sick, Bernhard %B International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Embedded Computing and Communication Systems (PECCS) %D 2018 %P 215--222 %R 10.5220/0006856102150222 %T Towards Cooperative Self-adapting Activity Recognition
Cooperative Starting Movement Detection of Cyclists Using Convolutional Neural Networks and a Boosted Stacking Ensemble.Bieshaar, M.; Zernetsch, S.; Hubert, A.; Sick, B.; Doll, K. In IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, 3(4), bll 534–544. IEEE, 2018.
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@article{bieshaar2018cooperative, author = {Bieshaar, M. and Zernetsch, S. and Hubert, A. and Sick, B. and Doll, K.}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles}, keywords = {imported}, number = 4, pages = {534–544}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Cooperative Starting Movement Detection of Cyclists Using Convolutional Neural Networks and a Boosted Stacking Ensemble}, volume = 3, year = 2018 }
%0 Journal Article %1 bieshaar2018cooperative %A Bieshaar, M. %A Zernetsch, S. %A Hubert, A. %A Sick, B. %A Doll, K. %D 2018 %I IEEE %J IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles %N 4 %P 534--544 %R 10.1109/tiv.2018.2873900 %T Cooperative Starting Movement Detection of Cyclists Using Convolutional Neural Networks and a Boosted Stacking Ensemble %V 3
Cooperative Tracking of Cyclists Based on Smart Devices and Infrastructure.Reitberger, G.; Zernetsch, S.; Bieshaar, M.; Sick, B.; Doll, K.; Fuchs, E. In IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). IEEE, Maui, HI, 2018.
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@inproceedings{reitberger2018cooperative, address = {Maui, HI}, author = {Reitberger, G. and Zernetsch, S. and Bieshaar, M. and Sick, B. and Doll, K. and Fuchs, E.}, booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)}, keywords = {imported}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Cooperative Tracking of Cyclists Based on Smart Devices and Infrastructure}, year = 2018 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 reitberger2018cooperative %A Reitberger, G. %A Zernetsch, S. %A Bieshaar, M. %A Sick, B. %A Doll, K. %A Fuchs, E. %B IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) %C Maui, HI %D 2018 %I IEEE %R 10.1109/itsc.2018.8569267 %T Cooperative Tracking of Cyclists Based on Smart Devices and Infrastructure
The Other Human in The Loop -- A Pilot Study to Find Selection Strategies for Active Learning.Kottke, Daniel; Calma, Adrian; Huseljic, Denis; Sandrock, Christoph; Kachergis, George; Sick, Bernhard. In International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, Rio de Janiero, Brazil, 2018.
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@inproceedings{kottke2018other, address = {Rio de Janiero, Brazil}, author = {Kottke, Daniel and Calma, Adrian and Huseljic, Denis and Sandrock, Christoph and Kachergis, George and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)}, keywords = {imported}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {The Other Human in The Loop – A Pilot Study to Find Selection Strategies for Active Learning}, year = 2018 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 kottke2018other %A Kottke, Daniel %A Calma, Adrian %A Huseljic, Denis %A Sandrock, Christoph %A Kachergis, George %A Sick, Bernhard %B International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) %C Rio de Janiero, Brazil %D 2018 %I IEEE %R 10.1109/ijcnn.2018.8489637 %T The Other Human in The Loop -- A Pilot Study to Find Selection Strategies for Active Learning
Coopetitive Soft Gating Ensemble.Schreiber, J.; Bieshaar, M.; Gensler, A.; Sick, B.; Deist, S. In Workshop on Self-Improving System Integration (SISSY), FAS*W. IEEE, Trento, Italy, 2018.
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@inproceedings{schreiber2018coopetitive, address = {Trento, Italy}, author = {Schreiber, J. and Bieshaar, M. and Gensler, A. and Sick, B. and Deist, S.}, booktitle = {Workshop on Self-Improving System Integration (SISSY), FAS*W}, keywords = {imported}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Coopetitive Soft Gating Ensemble}, year = 2018 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 schreiber2018coopetitive %A Schreiber, J. %A Bieshaar, M. %A Gensler, A. %A Sick, B. %A Deist, S. %B Workshop on Self-Improving System Integration (SISSY), FAS*W %C Trento, Italy %D 2018 %I IEEE %R 10.1109/fas-w.2018.00046 %T Coopetitive Soft Gating Ensemble
Starting Movement Detection of Cyclists Using Smart Devices.Bieshaar, M.; Depping, M.; Schneegans, J.; Sick, B. In IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA). IEEE, Turin, Italy, 2018.
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- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{bieshaar2018starting, address = {Turin, Italy}, author = {Bieshaar, M. and Depping, M. and Schneegans, J. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA)}, keywords = {imported}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Starting Movement Detection of Cyclists Using Smart Devices}, year = 2018 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 bieshaar2018starting %A Bieshaar, M. %A Depping, M. %A Schneegans, J. %A Sick, B. %B IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA) %C Turin, Italy %D 2018 %I IEEE %R 10.1109/dsaa.2018.00042 %T Starting Movement Detection of Cyclists Using Smart Devices
Smart Device Stealing and CANDIES.Jänicke, Martin; Schmidt, Viktor; Sick, Bernhard; Tomforde, Sven; Lukowicz, Paul; Schmeißing, Jörn. In International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART), bll 247–273. Springer, 2018.
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- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{jaenicke2018smart, author = {J{\"{a}}nicke, Martin and Schmidt, Viktor and Sick, Bernhard and Tomforde, Sven and Lukowicz, Paul and Schmei{\ss}ing, J{\"{o}}rn}, booktitle = {International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {247–273}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Smart Device Stealing and {CANDIES}}, year = 2018 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 jaenicke2018smart %A Jänicke, Martin %A Schmidt, Viktor %A Sick, Bernhard %A Tomforde, Sven %A Lukowicz, Paul %A Schmeißing, Jörn %B International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART) %D 2018 %I Springer %P 247--273 %R 10.1007/978-3-030-05453-3_12 %T Smart Device Stealing and CANDIES
Semi-supervised active learning for support vector machines: A novel approach that exploits structure information in data.Calma, A.; Reitmaier, T.; Sick, B. In Information Sciences, 456, bll 13–33. Elsevier, 2018.
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@article{calma2018semi, author = {Calma, A. and Reitmaier, T. and Sick, B.}, journal = {Information Sciences}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {13–33}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {Semi-supervised active learning for support vector machines: {A} novel approach that exploits structure information in data}, volume = 456, year = 2018 }
%0 Journal Article %1 calma2018semi %A Calma, A. %A Reitmaier, T. %A Sick, B. %D 2018 %I Elsevier %J Information Sciences %P 13--33 %R 10.1016/j.ins.2018.04.063 %T Semi-supervised active learning for support vector machines: A novel approach that exploits structure information in data %V 456
Self-Adaptive Multi-Sensor Activity Recognition Systems Based on Gaussian Mixture Models.Jänicke, Martin; Sick, Bernhard; Tomforde, Sven. In Informatics, 5(3), bl 38. MDPI, 2018.
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@article{jaenicke2018self, author = {J{\"{a}}nicke, Martin and Sick, Bernhard and Tomforde, Sven}, journal = {Informatics}, keywords = {imported}, number = 3, pages = 38, publisher = {MDPI}, title = {Self-Adaptive Multi-Sensor Activity Recognition Systems Based on Gaussian Mixture Models}, volume = 5, year = 2018 }
%0 Journal Article %1 jaenicke2018self %A Jänicke, Martin %A Sick, Bernhard %A Tomforde, Sven %D 2018 %I MDPI %J Informatics %N 3 %P 38 %R 10.3390/informatics5030038 %T Self-Adaptive Multi-Sensor Activity Recognition Systems Based on Gaussian Mixture Models %V 5
Security Issues in Self-Improving System Integration - Challenges and Solution Strategies.Heck, Henner; Sick, Bernhard; Tomforde, Sven. In Workshop on Self-Improving System Integration (SISSY), FAS*W, bll 176–181. IEEE, 2018.
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@inproceedings{heck2018security, author = {Heck, Henner and Sick, Bernhard and Tomforde, Sven}, booktitle = {Workshop on Self-Improving System Integration (SISSY), FAS*W}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {176–181}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Security Issues in Self-Improving System Integration - Challenges and Solution Strategies}, year = 2018 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 heck2018security %A Heck, Henner %A Sick, Bernhard %A Tomforde, Sven %B Workshop on Self-Improving System Integration (SISSY), FAS*W %D 2018 %I IEEE %P 176--181 %R 10.1109/fas-w.2018.00044 %T Security Issues in Self-Improving System Integration - Challenges and Solution Strategies
Sampling Strategies for Representative Time Series in Load Flow Calculations.Henze, Janosch; Kutzner, Stephan; Sick, Bernhard. In Workshop on Data Analytics for Renewable Energy Integration (DARE), ECML PKDD, bll 27–48. Springer, 2018.
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- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{henze2018sampling, author = {Henze, Janosch and Kutzner, Stephan and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Workshop on Data Analytics for Renewable Energy Integration (DARE), ECML PKDD}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {27–48}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Sampling Strategies for Representative Time Series in Load Flow Calculations}, year = 2018 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 henze2018sampling %A Henze, Janosch %A Kutzner, Stephan %A Sick, Bernhard %B Workshop on Data Analytics for Renewable Energy Integration (DARE), ECML PKDD %D 2018 %I Springer %P 27--48 %R 10.1007/978-3-030-04303-2_3 %T Sampling Strategies for Representative Time Series in Load Flow Calculations
Generalizing Application Agnostic Remaining Useful Life Estimation Using Data-Driven Open Source Algorithms.Schlegel, B.; Mrowca, A.; Wolf, P.; Sick, B.; Steinhorst, S. In IEEE International Conference on Big Data Analysis (ICBDA). IEEE, Shanghai, China, 2018.
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@inproceedings{schlegel2018generalizing, address = {Shanghai, China}, author = {Schlegel, B. and Mrowca, A. and Wolf, P. and Sick, B. and Steinhorst, S.}, booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Big Data Analysis (ICBDA)}, keywords = {imported}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Generalizing Application Agnostic Remaining Useful Life Estimation Using Data-Driven Open Source Algorithms}, year = 2018 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 schlegel2018generalizing %A Schlegel, B. %A Mrowca, A. %A Wolf, P. %A Sick, B. %A Steinhorst, S. %B IEEE International Conference on Big Data Analysis (ICBDA) %C Shanghai, China %D 2018 %I IEEE %R 10.1109/icbda.2018.8367659 %T Generalizing Application Agnostic Remaining Useful Life Estimation Using Data-Driven Open Source Algorithms
Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2017. Tomforde, S.; Sick, B. In Vol. 11Intelligent Embedded Systems. kassel university press, 2018.
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
@book{tomforde2018organic, editor = {Tomforde, S. and Sick, B.}, keywords = {itegpub}, publisher = {kassel university press}, series = {Intelligent Embedded Systems}, title = {Organic Computing – Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2017}, volume = 11, year = 2018 }
%0 Book %1 tomforde2018organic %B Intelligent Embedded Systems %D 2018 %E Tomforde, S. %E Sick, B. %I kassel university press %R 10.19211/KUP9783737605151 %T Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2017 %V 11
Early Start Intention Detection of Cyclists Using Motion History Images and a Deep Residual Network.Zernetsch, Stefan; Kress, Viktor; Sick, Bernhard; Doll, Konrad. In IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), bll 1–6. IEEE, 2018.
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- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{zernetsch2018early, author = {Zernetsch, Stefan and Kress, Viktor and Sick, Bernhard and Doll, Konrad}, booktitle = {{IEEE} Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {1–6}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Early Start Intention Detection of Cyclists Using Motion History Images and a Deep Residual Network}, year = 2018 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 zernetsch2018early %A Zernetsch, Stefan %A Kress, Viktor %A Sick, Bernhard %A Doll, Konrad %B IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV) %D 2018 %I IEEE %P 1--6 %R 10.1109/ivs.2018.8500428 %T Early Start Intention Detection of Cyclists Using Motion History Images and a Deep Residual Network

2017[ to top ]

Quantitative Robustness -- A Generalised Approach to Compare the Impact of Disturbances in Self-organising Systems.Kantert, J.; Tomforde, S.; Müller-Schloer, C.; Edenhofer, S.; Sick, B. In International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART), bll 39–50. Porto, Portugal, 2017.
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@inproceedings{kantert2017quantitative, address = {Porto, Portugal}, author = {Kantert, J. and Tomforde, S. and M{\"u}ller-Schloer, C. and Edenhofer, S. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {39–50}, title = {Quantitative Robustness – A Generalised Approach to Compare the Impact of Disturbances in Self-organising Systems}, year = 2017 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 kantert2017quantitative %A Kantert, J. %A Tomforde, S. %A Müller-Schloer, C. %A Edenhofer, S. %A Sick, B. %B International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART) %C Porto, Portugal %D 2017 %P 39--50 %R 10.5220/0006137300390050 %T Quantitative Robustness -- A Generalised Approach to Compare the Impact of Disturbances in Self-organising Systems
Identifying Representative Load Time Series for Load Flow Calculations.Henze, Janosch; Kneiske, Tanja; Braun, Martin; Sick, Bernhard. In Workshop on Data Analytics for Renewable Energy Integration (DARE), ECML PKDD, bll 83–93. Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 2017.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
Power system analyses increasingly use annual time series for temporal and spatial assessment of operational and also planning aspects. These analyses are often limited due to the computational time of the large amount of load flow calculation. By introducing algorithms which are capable of generating shorter and representative time series of measured load or power generation time series, the calculation time for load flow calculations can be reduced. We present a method which is capable of extracting features from the time series and use those features to create a representative time series. Furthermore, we show that our method is capable of maintaining the most important statistical features of the original time series by applying a Fisher-Pitman Permutation test.
@inproceedings{henze2017identifying, abstract = {Power system analyses increasingly use annual time series for temporal and spatial assessment of operational and also planning aspects. These analyses are often limited due to the computational time of the large amount of load flow calculation. By introducing algorithms which are capable of generating shorter and representative time series of measured load or power generation time series, the calculation time for load flow calculations can be reduced. We present a method which is capable of extracting features from the time series and use those features to create a representative time series. Furthermore, we show that our method is capable of maintaining the most important statistical features of the original time series by applying a Fisher-Pitman Permutation test.}, address = {Cham, Switzerland}, author = {Henze, Janosch and Kneiske, Tanja and Braun, Martin and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Workshop on Data Analytics for Renewable Energy Integration (DARE), ECML PKDD}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {83–93}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Identifying Representative Load Time Series for Load Flow Calculations}, year = 2017 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 henze2017identifying %A Henze, Janosch %A Kneiske, Tanja %A Braun, Martin %A Sick, Bernhard %B Workshop on Data Analytics for Renewable Energy Integration (DARE), ECML PKDD %C Cham, Switzerland %D 2017 %I Springer %P 83--93 %R 10.1007/978-3-319-71643-5_8 %T Identifying Representative Load Time Series for Load Flow Calculations %X Power system analyses increasingly use annual time series for temporal and spatial assessment of operational and also planning aspects. These analyses are often limited due to the computational time of the large amount of load flow calculation. By introducing algorithms which are capable of generating shorter and representative time series of measured load or power generation time series, the calculation time for load flow calculations can be reduced. We present a method which is capable of extracting features from the time series and use those features to create a representative time series. Furthermore, we show that our method is capable of maintaining the most important statistical features of the original time series by applying a Fisher-Pitman Permutation test.
Where is my Device? Detecting the Smart Device’s Wearing Position in the Context of Active Safety for Vulnerable Road Users.Bieshaar, M. In Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2017, S. Tomforde, B. Sick (reds.), bll 27–37. kassel university press, Kassel, Germany, 2017.
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@incollection{bieshaar2017where, address = {Kassel, Germany}, author = {Bieshaar, M.}, booktitle = {Organic Computing – Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2017}, editor = {Tomforde, S. and Sick, B.}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {27–37}, publisher = {kassel university press}, title = {Where is my Device? Detecting the Smart Device's Wearing Position in the Context of Active Safety for Vulnerable Road Users}, year = 2017 }
%0 Book Section %1 bieshaar2017where %A Bieshaar, M. %B Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2017 %C Kassel, Germany %D 2017 %E Tomforde, S. %E Sick, B. %I kassel university press %P 27--37 %T Where is my Device? Detecting the Smart Device's Wearing Position in the Context of Active Safety for Vulnerable Road Users
Enhanced Probabilistic Active Learning: Cost-sensitive, Unbalanced, Time-variant, Self-optimising, and Parameter-free.Kottke, Daniel. In Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2017, S. Tomforde, B. Sick (reds.), bll 67–78. kassel university press, Kassel, Germany, 2017.
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@incollection{kottke2017enhanced, address = {Kassel, Germany}, author = {Kottke, Daniel}, booktitle = {Organic Computing – Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2017}, editor = {Tomforde, S. and Sick, B.}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {67–78}, publisher = {kassel university press}, title = {Enhanced Probabilistic Active Learning: Cost-sensitive, Unbalanced, Time-variant, Self-optimising, and Parameter-free}, year = 2017 }
%0 Book Section %1 kottke2017enhanced %A Kottke, Daniel %B Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2017 %C Kassel, Germany %D 2017 %E Tomforde, S. %E Sick, B. %I kassel university press %P 67--78 %T Enhanced Probabilistic Active Learning: Cost-sensitive, Unbalanced, Time-variant, Self-optimising, and Parameter-free
On Methodological and Technological Challenges for Proactive Health Management in Smart Homes.Wolf, J.-H.; Dehling, T.; Haux, R.; Sick, B.; Sunyaev, A.; Tomforde, S. In International Conference on Informatics, Management, and Technology in Healthcare (ICIMTH), bll 209–212. Athens, Greece, 2017.
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@inproceedings{wolf2017methodological, address = {Athens, Greece}, author = {Wolf, J.-H. and Dehling, T. and Haux, R. and Sick, B. and Sunyaev, A. and Tomforde, S.}, booktitle = {International Conference on Informatics, Management, and Technology in Healthcare (ICIMTH)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {209–212}, title = {On Methodological and Technological Challenges for Proactive Health Management in Smart Homes}, year = 2017 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 wolf2017methodological %A Wolf, J.-H. %A Dehling, T. %A Haux, R. %A Sick, B. %A Sunyaev, A. %A Tomforde, S. %B International Conference on Informatics, Management, and Technology in Healthcare (ICIMTH) %C Athens, Greece %D 2017 %P 209--212 %T On Methodological and Technological Challenges for Proactive Health Management in Smart Homes
Cooperative Starting Intention Detection of Cyclists Based on Smart Devices and Infrastructure.Bieshaar, M.; Zernetsch, S.; Depping, M.; Sick, B.; Doll, K. In IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). IEEE, Yokohama, Japan, 2017.
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@inproceedings{bieshaar2017cooperative, address = {Yokohama, Japan}, author = {Bieshaar, M. and Zernetsch, S. and Depping, M. and Sick, B. and Doll, K.}, booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)}, keywords = {imported}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Cooperative Starting Intention Detection of Cyclists Based on Smart Devices and Infrastructure}, year = 2017 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 bieshaar2017cooperative %A Bieshaar, M. %A Zernetsch, S. %A Depping, M. %A Sick, B. %A Doll, K. %B IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) %C Yokohama, Japan %D 2017 %I IEEE %R 10.1109/itsc.2017.8317691 %T Cooperative Starting Intention Detection of Cyclists Based on Smart Devices and Infrastructure
Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2016. Tomforde, S.; Sick, B. In Vol. 10Intelligent Embedded Systems. kassel university press, 2017.
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@book{tomforde2017organica, editor = {Tomforde, S. and Sick, B.}, keywords = {imported}, publisher = {kassel university press}, series = {Intelligent Embedded Systems}, title = {Organic Computing – Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2016}, volume = 10, year = 2017 }
%0 Book %1 tomforde2017organica %B Intelligent Embedded Systems %D 2017 %E Tomforde, S. %E Sick, B. %I kassel university press %R 10.19211/KUP9783737603010 %T Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2016 %V 10
Highly Automated Learning for Improved Active Safety of Vulnerable Road Users.Bieshaar, M.; Reitberger, G.; Kress, V.; Zernetsch, S.; Doll, K.; Fuchs, E.; Sick, B. In ACM Computer Science in Cars Symposium (CSCS). ACM, Munich, Germany, 2017.
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@inproceedings{bieshaar2017highly, address = {Munich, Germany}, author = {Bieshaar, M. and Reitberger, G. and Kre\ss, V. and Zernetsch, S. and Doll, K. and Fuchs, E. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {ACM Computer Science in Cars Symposium (CSCS)}, keywords = {imported}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Highly Automated Learning for Improved Active Safety of Vulnerable Road Users}, year = 2017 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 bieshaar2017highly %A Bieshaar, M. %A Reitberger, G. %A Kress, V. %A Zernetsch, S. %A Doll, K. %A Fuchs, E. %A Sick, B. %B ACM Computer Science in Cars Symposium (CSCS) %C Munich, Germany %D 2017 %I ACM %T Highly Automated Learning for Improved Active Safety of Vulnerable Road Users
Highly Autonomous Learning in Collaborative, Technical Systems.Gruhl, C. In Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2017, S. Tomforde, B. Sick (reds.). kassel university press, Kassel, Germany, 2017.
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@incollection{gruhl2017highly, address = {Kassel, Germany}, author = {Gruhl, C.}, booktitle = {Organic Computing – Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2017}, editor = {Tomforde, S. and Sick, B.}, keywords = {imported}, publisher = {kassel university press}, series = {Intelligent Embedded Systems}, title = {Highly Autonomous Learning in Collaborative, Technical Systems}, year = 2017 }
%0 Book Section %1 gruhl2017highly %A Gruhl, C. %B Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2017 %C Kassel, Germany %D 2017 %E Tomforde, S. %E Sick, B. %I kassel university press %T Highly Autonomous Learning in Collaborative, Technical Systems
Organic Computing in the Spotlight.Tomforde, Sven; Sick, Bernhard; Müller-Schloer, Christian. In arXiv e-prints, bl arXiv:1701.08125. 2017.
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@article{tomforde2017organic, author = {{Tomforde}, Sven and {Sick}, Bernhard and {M{\"u}ller-Schloer}, Christian}, journal = {arXiv e-prints}, keywords = {Science}, pages = {arXiv:1701.08125}, title = {{Organic Computing in the Spotlight}}, year = 2017 }
%0 Journal Article %1 tomforde2017organic %A Tomforde, Sven %A Sick, Bernhard %A Müller-Schloer, Christian %D 2017 %J arXiv e-prints %P arXiv:1701.08125 %T Organic Computing in the Spotlight
Performing event detection in time series with SwiftEvent: an algorithm with supervised learning of detection criteria.Gensler, A.; Sick, B. In Pattern Analysis and Applications, 21(2), bll 543–562. Springer, 2017.
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@article{gensler2017performing, author = {Gensler, A. and Sick, B.}, journal = {Pattern Analysis and Applications}, keywords = {imported}, number = 2, pages = {543–562}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Performing event detection in time series with {SwiftEvent}: an algorithm with supervised learning of detection criteria}, volume = 21, year = 2017 }
%0 Journal Article %1 gensler2017performing %A Gensler, A. %A Sick, B. %D 2017 %I Springer %J Pattern Analysis and Applications %N 2 %P 543--562 %R 10.1007/s10044-017-0657-0 %T Performing event detection in time series with SwiftEvent: an algorithm with supervised learning of detection criteria %V 21
Self-Adaptation of Activity Recognition Systems to New Sensors.Bannach, David; Jänicke, Martin; Rey, Vitor F.; Tomforde, Sven; Sick, Bernhard; Lukowicz, Paul. In arXiv e-prints, bl arXiv:1701.08528. 2017.
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@article{bannach2017self, author = {{Bannach}, David and {J{\"a}nicke}, Martin and {Rey}, Vitor F. and {Tomforde}, Sven and {Sick}, Bernhard and {Lukowicz}, Paul}, journal = {arXiv e-prints}, keywords = {Recognition,}, pages = {arXiv:1701.08528}, title = {{Self-Adaptation of Activity Recognition Systems to New Sensors}}, year = 2017 }
%0 Journal Article %1 bannach2017self %A Bannach, David %A Jänicke, Martin %A Rey, Vitor F. %A Tomforde, Sven %A Sick, Bernhard %A Lukowicz, Paul %D 2017 %J arXiv e-prints %P arXiv:1701.08528 %T Self-Adaptation of Activity Recognition Systems to New Sensors
Detecting Intentions of Vulnerable Road Users Based on Collective Intelligence.Bieshaar, M.; Reitberger, G.; Zernetsch, S.; Sick, B.; Fuchs, E.; Doll, K. In Automatisiertes und vernetztes Fahren Symposium (AAET), bll 67–87. Braunschweig, Germany, 2017.
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@inproceedings{bieshaar2017detecting, address = {Braunschweig, Germany}, author = {Bieshaar, M. and Reitberger, G. and Zernetsch, S. and Sick, B. and Fuchs, E. and Doll, K.}, booktitle = {Automatisiertes und vernetztes Fahren Symposium (AAET)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {67–87}, title = {Detecting Intentions of Vulnerable Road Users Based on Collective Intelligence}, year = 2017 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 bieshaar2017detecting %A Bieshaar, M. %A Reitberger, G. %A Zernetsch, S. %A Sick, B. %A Fuchs, E. %A Doll, K. %B Automatisiertes und vernetztes Fahren Symposium (AAET) %C Braunschweig, Germany %D 2017 %P 67--87 %T Detecting Intentions of Vulnerable Road Users Based on Collective Intelligence
Simulation of Annotators for Active Learning: Uncertain Oracles.Calma, Adrian; Sick, Bernhard. In Workshop on Interactive Adaptive Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, bll 49–58. 2017.
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- [ URL ]
@inproceedings{calma2017simulation, author = {Calma, Adrian and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Workshop on Interactive Adaptive Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {49–58}, series = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings}, title = {Simulation of Annotators for Active Learning: Uncertain Oracles}, year = 2017 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 calma2017simulation %A Calma, Adrian %A Sick, Bernhard %B Workshop on Interactive Adaptive Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD %D 2017 %P 49--58 %T Simulation of Annotators for Active Learning: Uncertain Oracles %U http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1924/ialatecml_paper4.pdf
Probabilistic Active Learning with Structure-Sensitive Kernels.Lang, Dominik; Kottke, Daniel; Krempl, Georg; Sick, Bernhard. In Workshop on Interactive Adaptive Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, bll 37–48. 2017.
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- [ URL ]
@inproceedings{lang2017probabilistic, author = {Lang, Dominik and Kottke, Daniel and Krempl, Georg and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Workshop on Interactive Adaptive Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {37–48}, series = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings}, title = {Probabilistic Active Learning with Structure-Sensitive Kernels}, year = 2017 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 lang2017probabilistic %A Lang, Dominik %A Kottke, Daniel %A Krempl, Georg %A Sick, Bernhard %B Workshop on Interactive Adaptive Learning (IAL), ECML PKDD %D 2017 %P 37--48 %T Probabilistic Active Learning with Structure-Sensitive Kernels %U http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1924/ialatecml_paper3.pdf
Learning Without Ground Truth.Beyer, C.; Bieshaar, M.; Calma, A.; Heck, H.; Kottke, D.; Würtz, R. In Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2017, S. Tomforde, B. Sick (reds.). kassel university press, Bochum, Germany, 2017.
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- [ EndNote ]
@incollection{beyer2017learning, address = {Bochum, Germany}, author = {Beyer, C. and Bieshaar, M. and Calma, A. and Heck, H. and Kottke, D. and W{\"u}rtz, R.}, booktitle = {Organic Computing – Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2017}, editor = {Tomforde, S. and Sick, B.}, keywords = {imported}, publisher = {kassel university press}, title = {Learning Without Ground Truth}, year = 2017 }
%0 Book Section %1 beyer2017learning %A Beyer, C. %A Bieshaar, M. %A Calma, A. %A Heck, H. %A Kottke, D. %A Würtz, R. %B Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2017 %C Bochum, Germany %D 2017 %E Tomforde, S. %E Sick, B. %I kassel university press %T Learning Without Ground Truth
Measuring Self Organisation at Runtime -- A Quantification Method based on Divergence Measures.Tomforde, S.; Kantert, J.; Sick, B. In International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART), bll 96–106. Porto, Portugal, 2017.
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- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{tomforde2017measuring, address = {Porto, Portugal}, author = {Tomforde, S. and Kantert, J. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {96–106}, title = {Measuring Self Organisation at Runtime – A Quantification Method based on Divergence Measures}, year = 2017 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 tomforde2017measuring %A Tomforde, S. %A Kantert, J. %A Sick, B. %B International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART) %C Porto, Portugal %D 2017 %P 96--106 %R 10.5220/0006240400960106 %T Measuring Self Organisation at Runtime -- A Quantification Method based on Divergence Measures
Interactive Learning Without Ground Truth.Würtz, Rolf P.; Tomforde, Sven; Calma, Adrian; Kottke, Daniel; Sick, Bernhard. In Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2017, S. Tomforde, B. Sick (reds.), bll 1–4. kassel university press, Kassel, Germany, 2017.
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- [ EndNote ]
@incollection{wuertz2017interactive, address = {Kassel, Germany}, author = {Würtz, Rolf P. and Tomforde, Sven and Calma, Adrian and Kottke, Daniel and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Organic Computing – Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2017}, editor = {Tomforde, S. and Sick, B.}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {1–4}, publisher = {kassel university press}, title = {Interactive Learning Without Ground Truth}, year = 2017 }
%0 Book Section %1 wuertz2017interactive %A Würtz, Rolf P. %A Tomforde, Sven %A Calma, Adrian %A Kottke, Daniel %A Sick, Bernhard %B Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2017 %C Kassel, Germany %D 2017 %E Tomforde, S. %E Sick, B. %I kassel university press %P 1--4 %T Interactive Learning Without Ground Truth
Probabilistic wind power forecasting: A multi-scheme ensemble technique with gradual coopetitive soft gating.Gensler, A.; Sick, B. In IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), bll 1–10. IEEE, 2017.
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{gensler2017probabilistic, author = {{Gensler}, A. and {Sick}, B.}, booktitle = {IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)}, keywords = {itegpub}, pages = {1–10}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Probabilistic wind power forecasting: A multi-scheme ensemble technique with gradual coopetitive soft gating}, year = 2017 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 gensler2017probabilistic %A Gensler, A. %A Sick, B. %B IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI) %D 2017 %I IEEE %P 1--10 %R 10.1109/SSCI.2017.8285344 %T Probabilistic wind power forecasting: A multi-scheme ensemble technique with gradual coopetitive soft gating
Learning to Learn: Dynamic Runtime Exploitation of Various Knowledge Sources and Machine Learning Paradigms.Calma, A.; Kottke, D.; Sick, B.; Tomforde, S. In Workshop on Self-Improving System Integration (SISSY), FAS*W, bll 109–116. IEEE, Tucson, AZ, 2017.
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{calma2017learning, address = {Tucson, AZ}, author = {Calma, A. and Kottke, D. and Sick, B. and Tomforde, S.}, booktitle = {Workshop on Self-Improving System Integration (SISSY), FAS*W}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {109–116}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Learning to Learn: Dynamic Runtime Exploitation of Various Knowledge Sources and Machine Learning Paradigms}, year = 2017 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 calma2017learning %A Calma, A. %A Kottke, D. %A Sick, B. %A Tomforde, S. %B Workshop on Self-Improving System Integration (SISSY), FAS*W %C Tucson, AZ %D 2017 %I IEEE %P 109--116 %R 10.1109/fas-w.2017.129 %T Learning to Learn: Dynamic Runtime Exploitation of Various Knowledge Sources and Machine Learning Paradigms
Dealing with class imbalance the scalable way: Evaluation of various techniques based on classification grade and computational complexity.Schlegel, Bernhard; Sick, Bernhard. In Workshop on Data Science and Big Data Analytics (DSBDA), ICDM, bll 69–78. IEEE, 2017.
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@inproceedings{schlegel2017dealing, author = {Schlegel, Bernhard and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {Workshop on Data Science and Big Data Analytics (DSBDA), ICDM}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {69–78}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Dealing with class imbalance the scalable way: Evaluation of various techniques based on classification grade and computational complexity}, year = 2017 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 schlegel2017dealing %A Schlegel, Bernhard %A Sick, Bernhard %B Workshop on Data Science and Big Data Analytics (DSBDA), ICDM %D 2017 %I IEEE %P 69--78 %R 10.1109/icdmw.2017.16 %T Dealing with class imbalance the scalable way: Evaluation of various techniques based on classification grade and computational complexity

2016[ to top ]

Correlation of Ontology-Based Semantic Similarity and Human Judgement for a Domain Specific Fashion Ontology.Kalkowski, E.; Sick, B. In International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE), bll 207–224. Springer, 2016.
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@inproceedings{kalkowski2016correlation, author = {Kalkowski, E. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {207–224}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Correlation of Ontology-Based Semantic Similarity and Human Judgement for a Domain Specific Fashion Ontology}, year = 2016 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 kalkowski2016correlation %A Kalkowski, E. %A Sick, B. %B International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE) %D 2016 %I Springer %P 207--224 %R 10.1007/978-3-319-38791-8_12 %T Correlation of Ontology-Based Semantic Similarity and Human Judgement for a Domain Specific Fashion Ontology
Design and optimization of an autonomous feature selection pipeline for high dimensional, heterogeneous feature spaces.Schlegel, B.; Sick, B. In IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), bll 1–9. IEEE, Athens, Greece, 2016.
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@inproceedings{schlegel2016design, address = {Athens, Greece}, author = {Schlegel, B. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {1–9}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Design and optimization of an autonomous feature selection pipeline for high dimensional, heterogeneous feature spaces}, year = 2016 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 schlegel2016design %A Schlegel, B. %A Sick, B. %B IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI) %C Athens, Greece %D 2016 %I IEEE %P 1--9 %R 10.1109/ssci.2016.7850092 %T Design and optimization of an autonomous feature selection pipeline for high dimensional, heterogeneous feature spaces
Exploit the Potential of the Group: Putting Humans in the Dedicated Collaborative Interactive Learning Loop.Calma, A. In Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2016, B. Sick, S. Tomforde (reds.). kassel university press, Kassel, Germany, 2016.
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@incollection{calma2016exploit, address = {Kassel, Germany}, author = {Calma, A.}, booktitle = {Organic Computing – Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2016}, editor = {Sick, B. and Tomforde, S.}, keywords = {imported}, publisher = {kassel university press}, title = {Exploit the Potential of the Group: Putting Humans in the Dedicated Collaborative Interactive Learning Loop}, year = 2016 }
%0 Book Section %1 calma2016exploit %A Calma, A. %B Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2016 %C Kassel, Germany %D 2016 %E Sick, B. %E Tomforde, S. %I kassel university press %T Exploit the Potential of the Group: Putting Humans in the Dedicated Collaborative Interactive Learning Loop
Forecasting Wind Power -- An Ensemble Technique With Gradual Coopetitive Weighting Based on Weather Situation.Gensler, A.; Sick, B. In International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), bll 4976–4984. IEEE, Vancouver, BC, 2016.
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@inproceedings{gensler2016forecasting, address = {Vancouver, BC}, author = {Gensler, A. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {4976–4984}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Forecasting Wind Power – An Ensemble Technique With Gradual Coopetitive Weighting Based on Weather Situation}, year = 2016 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 gensler2016forecasting %A Gensler, A. %A Sick, B. %B International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) %C Vancouver, BC %D 2016 %I IEEE %P 4976--4984 %R 10.1109/ijcnn.2016.7727855 %T Forecasting Wind Power -- An Ensemble Technique With Gradual Coopetitive Weighting Based on Weather Situation
From Active Learning to Dedicated Collaborative Interactive Learning.Calma, A.; Leimeister, J. M.; Lukowicz, P.; Oeste-Reiß, S.; Reitmaier, T.; Schmidt, A.; Sick, B.; Stumme, G.; Zweig, K. A. In International Workshop on Self-optimisation in Organic and Autonomic Computing Systems (SAOS), ARCS, bll 1–8. VDE, Nuremberg, Germany, 2016.
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@inproceedings{calma2016active, address = {Nuremberg, Germany}, author = {Calma, A. and Leimeister, J. M. and Lukowicz, P. and Oeste-Rei{\ss}, S. and Reitmaier, T. and Schmidt, A. and Sick, B. and Stumme, G. and Zweig, K. A.}, booktitle = {International Workshop on Self-optimisation in Organic and Autonomic Computing Systems (SAOS), ARCS}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {1–8}, publisher = {VDE}, title = {From Active Learning to Dedicated Collaborative Interactive Learning}, year = 2016 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 calma2016active %A Calma, A. %A Leimeister, J. M. %A Lukowicz, P. %A Oeste-Reiß, S. %A Reitmaier, T. %A Schmidt, A. %A Sick, B. %A Stumme, G. %A Zweig, K. A. %B International Workshop on Self-optimisation in Organic and Autonomic Computing Systems (SAOS), ARCS %C Nuremberg, Germany %D 2016 %I VDE %P 1--8 %T From Active Learning to Dedicated Collaborative Interactive Learning
Deep Learning for Solar Power Forecasting -- An Approach using Autoencoder and LSTM Neural Networks.Gensler, A.; Henze, J.; Sick, B.; Raabe, N. In IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC), bll 2858–2865. IEEE, Budapest, Hungary, 2016.
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@inproceedings{gensler2016deep, address = {Budapest, Hungary}, author = {Gensler, A. and Henze, J. and Sick, B. and Raabe, N.}, booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {2858–2865}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Deep Learning for Solar Power Forecasting – An Approach using Autoencoder and {LSTM} Neural Networks}, year = 2016 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 gensler2016deep %A Gensler, A. %A Henze, J. %A Sick, B. %A Raabe, N. %B IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC) %C Budapest, Hungary %D 2016 %I IEEE %P 2858--2865 %R 10.1109/smc.2016.7844673 %T Deep Learning for Solar Power Forecasting -- An Approach using Autoencoder and LSTM Neural Networks
Coping with variability in motion based activity recognition.Kreil, M.; Sick, B.; Lukowicz, P. In International Workshop on Sensor-based Activity Recognition and Interaction (iWOAR), bll 1–8. Rostock, Germany, 2016.
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@inproceedings{kreil2016coping, address = {Rostock, Germany}, author = {Kreil, M. and Sick, B. and Lukowicz, P.}, booktitle = {International Workshop on Sensor-based Activity Recognition and Interaction (iWOAR)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {1–8}, title = {Coping with variability in motion based activity recognition}, year = 2016 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 kreil2016coping %A Kreil, M. %A Sick, B. %A Lukowicz, P. %B International Workshop on Sensor-based Activity Recognition and Interaction (iWOAR) %C Rostock, Germany %D 2016 %P 1--8 %R 10.1145/2948963.2948967 %T Coping with variability in motion based activity recognition
Combinations of uncertain ordinal expert statements: The combination rule EIDMR and its application to low-voltage grid classification with SVM.Breker, S.; Sick, B. In International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), bll 2164–2173. IEEE, Vancouver, BC, 2016.
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@inproceedings{breker2016combinations, address = {Vancouver, BC}, author = {Breker, S. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {2164–2173}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Combinations of uncertain ordinal expert statements: The combination rule {EIDMR} and its application to low-voltage grid classification with {SVM}}, year = 2016 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 breker2016combinations %A Breker, S. %A Sick, B. %B International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) %C Vancouver, BC %D 2016 %I IEEE %P 2164--2173 %R 10.1109/ijcnn.2016.7727467 %T Combinations of uncertain ordinal expert statements: The combination rule EIDMR and its application to low-voltage grid classification with SVM
Generative Exponential Smoothing and Generative ARMA Models to Forecast Time-Variant Rates or Probabilities.Kalkowski, E.; Sick, B. In International Work-Conference on Time Series (ITISE): Selected Contributions, bll 75–88. Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 2016.
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@inproceedings{kalkowski2016generative, address = {Cham, Switzerland}, author = {Kalkowski, E. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {International Work-Conference on Time Series (ITISE): Selected Contributions}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {75–88}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Generative Exponential Smoothing and Generative {ARMA} Models to Forecast Time-Variant Rates or Probabilities}, year = 2016 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 kalkowski2016generative %A Kalkowski, E. %A Sick, B. %B International Work-Conference on Time Series (ITISE): Selected Contributions %C Cham, Switzerland %D 2016 %I Springer %P 75--88 %R 10.1007/978-3-319-28725-6_6 %T Generative Exponential Smoothing and Generative ARMA Models to Forecast Time-Variant Rates or Probabilities
Towards Automation of Knowledge Understanding: An Approach for Probabilistic Generative Classifiers.Fisch, D.; Gruhl, C.; Kalkowski, E.; Sick, B.; Ovaska, S. J. In Information Sciences, 370--371, bll 476–496. Elsevier, 2016.
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@article{fisch2016towards, author = {Fisch, D. and Gruhl, C. and Kalkowski, E. and Sick, B. and Ovaska, S. J.}, journal = {Information Sciences}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {476–496}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {Towards Automation of Knowledge Understanding: An Approach for Probabilistic Generative Classifiers}, volume = {370–371}, year = 2016 }
%0 Journal Article %1 fisch2016towards %A Fisch, D. %A Gruhl, C. %A Kalkowski, E. %A Sick, B. %A Ovaska, S. J. %D 2016 %I Elsevier %J Information Sciences %P 476--496 %R 10.1016/j.ins.2016.08.016 %T Towards Automation of Knowledge Understanding: An Approach for Probabilistic Generative Classifiers %V 370--371
Probabilistic Active Learning for Active Class Selection.Kottke, D.; Krempl, G.; Stecklina, M.; Styp von Rekowski, C.; Sabsch, T.; Pham Minh, T.; Deliano, M.; Spiliopoulou, M.; Sick, B. In Workshop on the Future of Interactive Learning Machines, NIPS, bll 1–9. Barcelona, Spain, 2016.
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@inproceedings{kottke2016probabilistic, address = {Barcelona, Spain}, author = {Kottke, D. and Krempl, G. and Stecklina, M. and {Styp von Rekowski}, C. and Sabsch, T. and Pham Minh, T. and Deliano, M. and Spiliopoulou, M. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {Workshop on the Future of Interactive Learning Machines, NIPS}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {1–9}, title = {Probabilistic Active Learning for Active Class Selection}, year = 2016 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 kottke2016probabilistic %A Kottke, D. %A Krempl, G. %A Stecklina, M. %A Styp von Rekowski, C. %A Sabsch, T. %A Pham Minh, T. %A Deliano, M. %A Spiliopoulou, M. %A Sick, B. %B Workshop on the Future of Interactive Learning Machines, NIPS %C Barcelona, Spain %D 2016 %P 1--9 %T Probabilistic Active Learning for Active Class Selection
Pals: Interactive Pool-based Active Learning System with Uncertain Oracles.Calma, A. In Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2016, B. Sick, S. Tomforde (reds.), bll 35–44. kassel university press, Kassel, Germany, 2016.
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@incollection{calma2016pals, address = {Kassel, Germany}, author = {Calma, A.}, booktitle = {Organic Computing – Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2016}, editor = {Sick, B. and Tomforde, S.}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {35–44}, publisher = {kassel university press}, title = {Pals: Interactive Pool-based Active Learning System with Uncertain Oracles}, year = 2016 }
%0 Book Section %1 calma2016pals %A Calma, A. %B Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2016 %C Kassel, Germany %D 2016 %E Sick, B. %E Tomforde, S. %I kassel university press %P 35--44 %T Pals: Interactive Pool-based Active Learning System with Uncertain Oracles
Semi-Supervised Active Learning for Support Vector Machines: A Novel Approach that Exploits Structure Information in Data.Reitmaier, Tobias; Calma, Adrian; Sick, Bernhard. In arXiv e-prints, bl arXiv:1610.03995. 2016.
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@article{reitmaier2016semi, author = {{Reitmaier}, Tobias and {Calma}, Adrian and {Sick}, Bernhard}, journal = {arXiv e-prints}, keywords = {Machine}, pages = {arXiv:1610.03995}, title = {{Semi-Supervised Active Learning for Support Vector Machines: A Novel Approach that Exploits Structure Information in Data}}, year = 2016 }
%0 Journal Article %1 reitmaier2016semi %A Reitmaier, Tobias %A Calma, Adrian %A Sick, Bernhard %D 2016 %J arXiv e-prints %P arXiv:1610.03995 %T Semi-Supervised Active Learning for Support Vector Machines: A Novel Approach that Exploits Structure Information in Data
Resp-kNN: A probabilistic k-nearest neighbor classifier for sparsely labeled data.Calma, A.; Reitmaier, T.; Sick, B. In International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), bll 4040–4047. IEEE, Vancouver, BC, 2016.
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@inproceedings{calma2016resp, address = {Vancouver, BC}, author = {Calma, A. and Reitmaier, T. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {4040–4047}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {{Resp-kNN}: A probabilistic k-nearest neighbor classifier for sparsely labeled data}, year = 2016 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 calma2016resp %A Calma, A. %A Reitmaier, T. %A Sick, B. %B International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) %C Vancouver, BC %D 2016 %I IEEE %P 4040--4047 %R 10.1109/ijcnn.2016.7727725 %T Resp-kNN: A probabilistic k-nearest neighbor classifier for sparsely labeled data
Multi-k-Resilience in Distributed Adaptive Cyber-Physical Systems.Heck, H.; Gruhl, C.; Rudolph, S.; Wacker, A.; Sick, B.; Hähner, J. In International Workshop on Self-optimisation in Organic and Autonomic Computing Systems (SAOS), ARCS, bll 1–8. VDE, Nuremberg, Germany, 2016.
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@inproceedings{heck2016multi, address = {Nuremberg, Germany}, author = {Heck, H. and Gruhl, C. and Rudolph, S. and Wacker, A. and Sick, B. and H{\"a}hner, J.}, booktitle = {International Workshop on Self-optimisation in Organic and Autonomic Computing Systems (SAOS), ARCS}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {1–8}, publisher = {VDE}, title = {Multi-k-Resilience in Distributed Adaptive Cyber-Physical Systems}, year = 2016 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 heck2016multi %A Heck, H. %A Gruhl, C. %A Rudolph, S. %A Wacker, A. %A Sick, B. %A Hähner, J. %B International Workshop on Self-optimisation in Organic and Autonomic Computing Systems (SAOS), ARCS %C Nuremberg, Germany %D 2016 %I VDE %P 1--8 %T Multi-k-Resilience in Distributed Adaptive Cyber-Physical Systems
Lifelong Learning and Collaboration of Smart Technical Systems in Open-Ended Environments -- Opportunistic Collaborative Interactive Learning.Bahle, G.; Calma, A.; Leimeister, J. M.; Lukowicz, P.; Oeste-Reiss, S.; Reitmaier, T.; Schmidt, A.; Sick, B.; Stumme, G.; Zweig, K. A. In Workshop on Self-Improving System Integration (SISSY), ICAC, bll 1–10. IEEE, Würzburg, Germany, 2016.
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@inproceedings{bahle2016lifelong, address = {W{\"u}rzburg, Germany}, author = {Bahle, G. and Calma, A. and Leimeister, J. M. and Lukowicz, P. and Oeste-Rei\ss, S. and Reitmaier, T. and Schmidt, A. and Sick, B. and Stumme, G. and Zweig, K. A.}, booktitle = {Workshop on Self-Improving System Integration (SISSY), ICAC}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {1–10}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Lifelong Learning and Collaboration of Smart Technical Systems in Open-Ended Environments – Opportunistic Collaborative Interactive Learning}, year = 2016 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 bahle2016lifelong %A Bahle, G. %A Calma, A. %A Leimeister, J. M. %A Lukowicz, P. %A Oeste-Reiss, S. %A Reitmaier, T. %A Schmidt, A. %A Sick, B. %A Stumme, G. %A Zweig, K. A. %B Workshop on Self-Improving System Integration (SISSY), ICAC %C Würzburg, Germany %D 2016 %I IEEE %P 1--10 %R 10.1109/icac.2016.36 %T Lifelong Learning and Collaboration of Smart Technical Systems in Open-Ended Environments -- Opportunistic Collaborative Interactive Learning
Probabilistic Obsoleteness Detection for Gaussian Mixture Models.Gruhl, C. In Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2016, S. Tomforde, B. Sick (reds.), bll 45–56. kassel university press, Kassel, Germany, 2016.
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@incollection{gruhl2016probabilistic, address = {Kassel, Germany}, author = {Gruhl, C.}, booktitle = {Organic Computing – Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2016}, editor = {Tomforde, S. and Sick, B.}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {45–56}, publisher = {kassel university press}, title = {Probabilistic Obsoleteness Detection for Gaussian Mixture Models}, year = 2016 }
%0 Book Section %1 gruhl2016probabilistic %A Gruhl, C. %B Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2016 %C Kassel, Germany %D 2016 %E Tomforde, S. %E Sick, B. %I kassel university press %P 45--56 %T Probabilistic Obsoleteness Detection for Gaussian Mixture Models
Trajectory Prediction of Cyclists Using a Physical Model and an Artificial Neural Network.Zernetsch, S.; Kohnen, S.; Goldhammer, M.; Doll, K.; Sick, B. In IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), bll 833–838. IEEE, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2016.
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@inproceedings{zernetsch2016trajectory, address = {Gothenburg, Sweden}, author = {Zernetsch, S. and Kohnen, S. and Goldhammer, M. and Doll, K. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {833–838}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Trajectory Prediction of Cyclists Using a Physical Model and an {Artificial Neural Network}}, year = 2016 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 zernetsch2016trajectory %A Zernetsch, S. %A Kohnen, S. %A Goldhammer, M. %A Doll, K. %A Sick, B. %B IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV) %C Gothenburg, Sweden %D 2016 %I IEEE %P 833--838 %R 10.1109/ivs.2016.7535484 %T Trajectory Prediction of Cyclists Using a Physical Model and an Artificial Neural Network
Towards Autonomous Self-tests at Runtime.Heck, H.; Wacker, A.; Rudolph, S.; Gruhl, C.; Sick, B.; Tomforde, S. In IEEE International Workshop on Quality Assurance for Self-Adaptive, Self-Organising Systems (QA4SASO), FAS*W, bll 98–99. IEEE, 2016.
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@inproceedings{heck2016towards, author = {Heck, H. and Wacker, A. and Rudolph, S. and Gruhl, C. and Sick, B. and Tomforde, S.}, booktitle = {IEEE International Workshop on Quality Assurance for Self-Adaptive, Self-Organising Systems (QA4SASO), FAS*W}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {98–99}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Towards Autonomous Self-tests at Runtime}, year = 2016 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 heck2016towards %A Heck, H. %A Wacker, A. %A Rudolph, S. %A Gruhl, C. %A Sick, B. %A Tomforde, S. %B IEEE International Workshop on Quality Assurance for Self-Adaptive, Self-Organising Systems (QA4SASO), FAS*W %D 2016 %I IEEE %P 98--99 %R 10.1109/fas-w.2016.32 %T Towards Autonomous Self-tests at Runtime
Towards Self-Improving Activity Recognition Systems based on Probabilistic, Generative Models.Jänicke, M.; Tomforde, S.; Sick, B. In Workshop on Self-Improving System Integration (SISSY), ICAC, bll 285–291. IEEE, Würzburg, Germany, 2016.
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- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{jaenicke2016towards, address = {W{\"u}rzburg, Germany}, author = {J{\"a}nicke, M. and Tomforde, S. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {Workshop on Self-Improving System Integration (SISSY), ICAC}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {285–291}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Towards Self-Improving Activity Recognition Systems based on Probabilistic, Generative Models}, year = 2016 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 jaenicke2016towards %A Jänicke, M. %A Tomforde, S. %A Sick, B. %B Workshop on Self-Improving System Integration (SISSY), ICAC %C Würzburg, Germany %D 2016 %I IEEE %P 285--291 %R 10.1109/icac.2016.22 %T Towards Self-Improving Activity Recognition Systems based on Probabilistic, Generative Models

2015[ to top ]

Horizontal Integration of Organic Computing and Control Theory Concepts.Calma, A.; Jänicke, M.; Kantert, J.; Kopal, N.; Siefert, F.; Tomforde, S. In Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2015, S. Tomforde, B. Sick (reds.), bll 157–164. kassel university press, Kassel, Germany, 2015.
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- [ EndNote ]
@incollection{calma2015horizontal, address = {Kassel, Germany}, author = {Calma, A. and J{\"a}nicke, M. and Kantert, J. and Kopal, N. and Siefert, F. and Tomforde, S.}, booktitle = {Organic Computing – Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2015}, editor = {Tomforde, S. and Sick, B.}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {157–164}, publisher = {kassel university press}, title = {Horizontal Integration of Organic Computing and Control Theory Concepts}, year = 2015 }
%0 Book Section %1 calma2015horizontal %A Calma, A. %A Jänicke, M. %A Kantert, J. %A Kopal, N. %A Siefert, F. %A Tomforde, S. %B Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2015 %C Kassel, Germany %D 2015 %E Tomforde, S. %E Sick, B. %I kassel university press %P 157--164 %T Horizontal Integration of Organic Computing and Control Theory Concepts
The Responsibility Weighted Mahalanobis Kernel for Semi-Supervised Training of Support Vector Machines for Classification.Reitmaier, T.; Sick, B. In Information Sciences, 323, bll 179–198. Elsevier, 2015.
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- [ EndNote ]
@article{reitmaier2015responsibility, author = {Reitmaier, T. and Sick, B.}, journal = {Information Sciences}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {179–198}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {The Responsibility Weighted {M}ahalanobis Kernel for Semi-Supervised Training of Support Vector Machines for Classification}, volume = 323, year = 2015 }
%0 Journal Article %1 reitmaier2015responsibility %A Reitmaier, T. %A Sick, B. %D 2015 %I Elsevier %J Information Sciences %P 179--198 %R 10.1016/j.ins.2015.06.027 %T The Responsibility Weighted Mahalanobis Kernel for Semi-Supervised Training of Support Vector Machines for Classification %V 323
Track-Based Forecasting of Pedestrian Behavior by Polynomial Approximation and Multilayer Perceptions.Goldhammer, M.; Köhler, S.; Doll, K.; Sick, B. In SAI Intelligent Systems Conference (IntelliSys), Studies in Computational Intelligence, bll 259–279. Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 2015.
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- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{goldhammer2015track, address = {Cham, Switzerland}, author = {Goldhammer, M. and K{\"o}hler, S. and Doll, K. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {SAI Intelligent Systems Conference (IntelliSys)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {259–279}, publisher = {Springer}, series = {Studies in Computational Intelligence}, title = {Track-Based Forecasting of Pedestrian Behavior by Polynomial Approximation and Multilayer Perceptions}, year = 2015 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 goldhammer2015track %A Goldhammer, M. %A Köhler, S. %A Doll, K. %A Sick, B. %B SAI Intelligent Systems Conference (IntelliSys) %C Cham, Switzerland %D 2015 %I Springer %P 259--279 %R 10.1007/978-3-319-33386-1_13 %T Track-Based Forecasting of Pedestrian Behavior by Polynomial Approximation and Multilayer Perceptions
Using Ontology-Based Similarity Measures to Find Training Data for Problems with Sparse Data.Kalkowski, E.; Sick, B. In IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC), bll 1693–1699. IEEE, Hongkong, China, 2015.
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- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{kalkowski2015using, address = {Hongkong, China}, author = {Kalkowski, E. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {1693–1699}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Using Ontology-Based Similarity Measures to Find Training Data for Problems with Sparse Data}, year = 2015 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 kalkowski2015using %A Kalkowski, E. %A Sick, B. %B IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC) %C Hongkong, China %D 2015 %I IEEE %P 1693--1699 %R 10.1109/smc.2015.298 %T Using Ontology-Based Similarity Measures to Find Training Data for Problems with Sparse Data
Fast Feature Extraction for Time Series Analysis Using Least-squares Approximations with Orthogonal Basis Functions.Gensler, A.; Gruber, T.; Sick, B. In International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME), bll 29–37. IEEE, Kassel, Germany, 2015.
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- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{gensler2015fast, address = {Kassel, Germany}, author = {Gensler, A. and Gruber, T. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {29–37}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Fast Feature Extraction for Time Series Analysis Using Least-squares Approximations with Orthogonal Basis Functions}, year = 2015 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 gensler2015fast %A Gensler, A. %A Gruber, T. %A Sick, B. %B International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME) %C Kassel, Germany %D 2015 %I IEEE %P 29--37 %R 10.1109/time.2015.21 %T Fast Feature Extraction for Time Series Analysis Using Least-squares Approximations with Orthogonal Basis Functions
Transductive active learning -- A new semi-supervised learning approach based on iteratively refined generative models to capture structure in data.Reitmaier, T.; Calma, A.; Sick, B. In Information Sciences, 293, bll 275–298. Elsevier, 2015.
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- [ EndNote ]
@article{reitmaier2015transductive, author = {Reitmaier, T. and Calma, A. and Sick, B.}, journal = {Information Sciences}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {275–298}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {Transductive active learning – A new semi-supervised learning approach based on iteratively refined generative models to capture structure in data}, volume = 293, year = 2015 }
%0 Journal Article %1 reitmaier2015transductive %A Reitmaier, T. %A Calma, A. %A Sick, B. %D 2015 %I Elsevier %J Information Sciences %P 275--298 %R 10.1016/j.ins.2014.09.009 %T Transductive active learning -- A new semi-supervised learning approach based on iteratively refined generative models to capture structure in data %V 293
Generative Exponential Smoothing Models for Rate Forecasting with Uncertainty Estimation.Kalkowski, E.; Sick, B. In International Work-Conference on Time Series (ITISE), bll 806–817. Granada, Spain, 2015.
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- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{kalkowski2015generative, address = {Granada, Spain}, author = {Kalkowski, E. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {International Work-Conference on Time Series (ITISE)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {806–817}, title = {Generative Exponential Smoothing Models for Rate Forecasting with Uncertainty Estimation}, year = 2015 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 kalkowski2015generative %A Kalkowski, E. %A Sick, B. %B International Work-Conference on Time Series (ITISE) %C Granada, Spain %D 2015 %P 806--817 %T Generative Exponential Smoothing Models for Rate Forecasting with Uncertainty Estimation
On the Application Possibilities of Organic Computing Principles in Socio-technical Systems.Heck, H.; Edenhofer, S.; Gruhl, C.; Lund, A.; Shuka, R.; Hähner, J. In Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2015, S. Tomforde, B. Sick (reds.), bll 165–170. kassel university press, Kassel, Germany, 2015.
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- [ EndNote ]
@incollection{heck2015application, address = {Kassel, Germany}, author = {Heck, H. and Edenhofer, S. and Gruhl, C. and Lund, A. and Shuka, R. and H{\"a}hner, J.}, booktitle = {Organic Computing – Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2015}, editor = {Tomforde, S. and Sick, B.}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {165–170}, publisher = {kassel university press}, title = {On the Application Possibilities of Organic Computing Principles in Socio-technical Systems}, year = 2015 }
%0 Book Section %1 heck2015application %A Heck, H. %A Edenhofer, S. %A Gruhl, C. %A Lund, A. %A Shuka, R. %A Hähner, J. %B Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2015 %C Kassel, Germany %D 2015 %E Tomforde, S. %E Sick, B. %I kassel university press %P 165--170 %T On the Application Possibilities of Organic Computing Principles in Socio-technical Systems
Effiziente Bewertung des Anschlu\ss{}potentials von Niederspannungsnetzen für dezentrale Erzeugungsanlagen: Klassifikation mit Methoden der Computational Intelligence.Breker, S.; Sick, B. In Tagung Nachhaltige Energieversorgung und Integration von Speichern (NEIS), bll 51–56. Hamburg, Germany, 2015.
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- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{breker2015effiziente, address = {Hamburg, Germany}, author = {Breker, S. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {Tagung Nachhaltige Energieversorgung und Integration von Speichern (NEIS)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {51–56}, title = {{Effiziente Bewertung des Anschlu\ss{}potentials von Niederspannungsnetzen f{\"u}r dezentrale Erzeugungsanlagen: Klassifikation mit Methoden der Computational Intelligence}}, year = 2015 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 breker2015effiziente %A Breker, S. %A Sick, B. %B Tagung Nachhaltige Energieversorgung und Integration von Speichern (NEIS) %C Hamburg, Germany %D 2015 %P 51--56 %R 10.1007/978-3-658-10958-5_8 %T Effiziente Bewertung des Anschlu\ss{}potentials von Niederspannungsnetzen für dezentrale Erzeugungsanlagen: Klassifikation mit Methoden der Computational Intelligence
Self-adapting Multi-Sensor System Using Classifiers Based on Gaussian Mixture Models.Jänicke, M. In Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2015, S. Tomforde, B. Sick (reds.), bll 109–120. kassel university press, Kassel, Germany, 2015.
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- [ EndNote ]
@incollection{jaenicke2015self, address = {Kassel, Germany}, author = {J{\"a}nicke, M.}, booktitle = {Organic Computing – Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2015}, editor = {Tomforde, S. and Sick, B.}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {109–120}, publisher = {kassel university press}, title = {Self-adapting Multi-Sensor System Using Classifiers Based on Gaussian Mixture Models}, year = 2015 }
%0 Book Section %1 jaenicke2015self %A Jänicke, M. %B Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2015 %C Kassel, Germany %D 2015 %E Tomforde, S. %E Sick, B. %I kassel university press %P 109--120 %T Self-adapting Multi-Sensor System Using Classifiers Based on Gaussian Mixture Models
Runtime Self-Integration as Key Challenge for Mastering Interwoven Systems.Hähner, J.; Brinkschulte, U.; Lukowicz, P.; Mostaghim, S.; Sick, B.; Tomforde, S. In International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS), bll 1–8. VDE, Porto, Portugal, 2015.
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- [ URL ]
@inproceedings{haehner2015runtime, address = {Porto, Portugal}, author = {H{\"a}hner, J. and Brinkschulte, U. and Lukowicz, P. and Mostaghim, S. and Sick, B. and Tomforde, S.}, booktitle = {International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {1–8}, publisher = {VDE}, title = {Runtime Self-Integration as Key Challenge for Mastering Interwoven Systems}, year = 2015 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 haehner2015runtime %A Hähner, J. %A Brinkschulte, U. %A Lukowicz, P. %A Mostaghim, S. %A Sick, B. %A Tomforde, S. %B International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS) %C Porto, Portugal %D 2015 %I VDE %P 1--8 %T Runtime Self-Integration as Key Challenge for Mastering Interwoven Systems %U https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7107107
Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2015. Tomforde, S.; Sick, B. In Vol. 7Intelligent Embedded Systems. kassel university press, 2015.
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- [ EndNote ]
@book{tomforde2015organic, editor = {Tomforde, S. and Sick, B.}, keywords = {imported}, publisher = {kassel university press}, series = {Intelligent Embedded Systems}, title = {Organic Computing – Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2015}, volume = 7, year = 2015 }
%0 Book %1 tomforde2015organic %B Intelligent Embedded Systems %D 2015 %E Tomforde, S. %E Sick, B. %I kassel university press %R 10.19211/KUP9783737600293 %T Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2015 %V 7

2014[ to top ]

Resp-kNN: A Semi-Supervised kNN-Classifier for Sparsely Labeled Data in the Field of Organic Computing.Reitmaier, T.; Calma, A. In Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2014, S. Tomforde, B. Sick (reds.), bll 85–97. kassel university press, Kassel, Germany, 2014.
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- [ EndNote ]
@incollection{reitmaier2014resp, address = {Kassel, Germany}, author = {Reitmaier, T. and Calma, A.}, booktitle = {Organic Computing – Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2014}, editor = {Tomforde, S. and Sick, B.}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {85–97}, publisher = {kassel university press}, title = {Resp-{kNN}: A Semi-Supervised {kNN}-Classifier for Sparsely Labeled Data in the Field of Organic Computing}, year = 2014 }
%0 Book Section %1 reitmaier2014resp %A Reitmaier, T. %A Calma, A. %B Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2014 %C Kassel, Germany %D 2014 %E Tomforde, S. %E Sick, B. %I kassel university press %P 85--97 %T Resp-kNN: A Semi-Supervised kNN-Classifier for Sparsely Labeled Data in the Field of Organic Computing
Self-Adapting Multi-sensor Systems: A Concept for Self-Improvement and Self-Healing Techniques.Jänicke, M.; Sick, B.; Lukowicz, P.; Bannach, D. In Workshop on Self-Improving System Integration (SISSY), SASO, bll 128–136. IEEE, London, UK, 2014.
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{jaenicke2014self, address = {London, UK}, author = {J{\"a}nicke, M. and Sick, B. and Lukowicz, P. and Bannach, D.}, booktitle = {Workshop on Self-Improving System Integration (SISSY), SASO}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {128–136}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Self-Adapting Multi-sensor Systems: A Concept for Self-Improvement and Self-Healing Techniques}, year = 2014 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 jaenicke2014self %A Jänicke, M. %A Sick, B. %A Lukowicz, P. %A Bannach, D. %B Workshop on Self-Improving System Integration (SISSY), SASO %C London, UK %D 2014 %I IEEE %P 128--136 %R 10.1109/sasow.2014.22 %T Self-Adapting Multi-sensor Systems: A Concept for Self-Improvement and Self-Healing Techniques
Dealing with human variability in motion based, wearable activity recognition.Kreil, M.; Sick, B.; Lukowicz, P. In Symposium on Activity and Context Modeling and Recognition (ACOMORE), PerCom, bll 36–40. IEEE, Budapest, Hungary, 2014.
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@inproceedings{kreil2014dealing, address = {Budapest, Hungary}, author = {Kreil, M. and Sick, B. and Lukowicz, P.}, booktitle = {Symposium on Activity and Context Modeling and Recognition (ACOMORE), PerCom}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {36–40}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Dealing with human variability in motion based, wearable activity recognition}, year = 2014 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 kreil2014dealing %A Kreil, M. %A Sick, B. %A Lukowicz, P. %B Symposium on Activity and Context Modeling and Recognition (ACOMORE), PerCom %C Budapest, Hungary %D 2014 %I IEEE %P 36--40 %R 10.1109/percomw.2014.6815161 %T Dealing with human variability in motion based, wearable activity recognition
Self-Adapting Generative Modeling Techniques -- A Basic Building Block for Many Organic Computing Techniques.Gruhl, C. In Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2014, S. Tomforde, B. Sick (reds.), bll 99–109. kassel university press, Kassel, Germany, 2014.
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@incollection{gruhl2014self, address = {Kassel, Germany}, author = {Gruhl, C.}, booktitle = {Organic Computing – Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2014}, editor = {Tomforde, S. and Sick, B.}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {99–109}, publisher = {kassel university press}, title = {Self-Adapting Generative Modeling Techniques – A Basic Building Block for Many Organic Computing Techniques}, year = 2014 }
%0 Book Section %1 gruhl2014self %A Gruhl, C. %B Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2014 %C Kassel, Germany %D 2014 %E Tomforde, S. %E Sick, B. %I kassel university press %P 99--109 %T Self-Adapting Generative Modeling Techniques -- A Basic Building Block for Many Organic Computing Techniques
Self-Extending Training Sets: Using Ontologies to Improve Machine Learning Performance.Kalkowski, E. In Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2014, S. Tomforde, B. Sick (reds.), bll 111–125. kassel university press, Kassel, Germany, 2014.
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
@incollection{kalkowski2014self, address = {Kassel, Germany}, author = {Kalkowski, E.}, booktitle = {Organic Computing – Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2014}, editor = {Tomforde, S. and Sick, B.}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {111–125}, publisher = {kassel university press}, title = {Self-Extending Training Sets: Using Ontologies to Improve Machine Learning Performance}, year = 2014 }
%0 Book Section %1 kalkowski2014self %A Kalkowski, E. %B Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2014 %C Kassel, Germany %D 2014 %E Tomforde, S. %E Sick, B. %I kassel university press %P 111--125 %T Self-Extending Training Sets: Using Ontologies to Improve Machine Learning Performance
Temporal data analytics based on eigenmotif and shape space representations of time series.Gensler, A.; Sick, B.; Willkomm, J. In IEEE China Summit and International Conference on Signal and Information Processing (ChinaSIP), bll 753–757. IEEE, Xian, China, 2014.
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- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{gensler2014temporal, address = {Xian, China}, author = {Gensler, A. and Sick, B. and Willkomm, J.}, booktitle = {IEEE China Summit and International Conference on Signal and Information Processing (ChinaSIP)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {753–757}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Temporal data analytics based on eigenmotif and shape space representations of time series}, year = 2014 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 gensler2014temporal %A Gensler, A. %A Sick, B. %A Willkomm, J. %B IEEE China Summit and International Conference on Signal and Information Processing (ChinaSIP) %C Xian, China %D 2014 %I IEEE %P 753--757 %R 10.1109/chinasip.2014.6889345 %T Temporal data analytics based on eigenmotif and shape space representations of time series
SMART-iBrush -- Individuelle Unterstützung der Zahnreinigung durch Messung von Bewegung und Druck mit einer intelligenten Zahnbürste.Al-Falouji, G.; Prestel, D.; Scharfenberg, G.; Mandl, R.; Deinzer, A.; Halang, W.; Margraf-Stiksrud, J.; Sick, B.; Deinzer, R. In Transdisziplinäre Konferenz zum Thema "Technische Unterstützungssysteme, die die Menschen wirklich wollen", bll 315–327. 2014.
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- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{alfalouji2014smart, author = {Al-Falouji, G. and Prestel, D. and Scharfenberg, G. and Mandl, R. and Deinzer, A. and Halang, W. and Margraf-Stiksrud, J. and Sick, B. and Deinzer, R.}, booktitle = {Transdisziplin{\"a}re Konferenz zum Thema "Technische Unterst{\"u}tzungssysteme, die die Menschen wirklich wollen"}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {315–327}, title = {{SMART-iBrush – Individuelle Unterst{\"u}tzung der Zahnreinigung durch Messung von Bewegung und Druck mit einer intelligenten Zahnb{\"u}rste}}, year = 2014 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 alfalouji2014smart %A Al-Falouji, G. %A Prestel, D. %A Scharfenberg, G. %A Mandl, R. %A Deinzer, A. %A Halang, W. %A Margraf-Stiksrud, J. %A Sick, B. %A Deinzer, R. %B Transdisziplinäre Konferenz zum Thema "Technische Unterstützungssysteme, die die Menschen wirklich wollen" %D 2014 %P 315--327 %T SMART-iBrush -- Individuelle Unterstützung der Zahnreinigung durch Messung von Bewegung und Druck mit einer intelligenten Zahnbürste
Pedestrian’s Trajectory Forecast in Public Traffic with Artificial Neural Networks.Goldhammer, M.; Doll, K.; Brunsmann, U.; Gensler, A.; Sick, B. In International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), bll 4110–4115. IEEE, Stockholm, Sweden, 2014.
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{goldhammer2014pedestrians, address = {Stockholm, Sweden}, author = {Goldhammer, M. and Doll, K. and Brunsmann, U. and Gensler, A. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {4110–4115}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Pedestrian's Trajectory Forecast in Public Traffic with Artificial Neural Networks}, year = 2014 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 goldhammer2014pedestrians %A Goldhammer, M. %A Doll, K. %A Brunsmann, U. %A Gensler, A. %A Sick, B. %B International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR) %C Stockholm, Sweden %D 2014 %I IEEE %P 4110--4115 %R 10.1109/icpr.2014.704 %T Pedestrian's Trajectory Forecast in Public Traffic with Artificial Neural Networks
Knowledge Fusion for Probabilistic Generative Classifiers with Data Mining Applications.Fisch, D.; Kalkowski, E.; Sick, B. In IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 26(3), bll 652–666. IEEE, 2014.
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
@article{fisch2014knowledge, author = {Fisch, D. and Kalkowski, E. and Sick, B.}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering}, keywords = {imported}, number = 3, pages = {652–666}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Knowledge Fusion for Probabilistic Generative Classifiers with Data Mining Applications}, volume = 26, year = 2014 }
%0 Journal Article %1 fisch2014knowledge %A Fisch, D. %A Kalkowski, E. %A Sick, B. %D 2014 %I IEEE %J IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering %N 3 %P 652--666 %R 10.1109/tkde.2013.20 %T Knowledge Fusion for Probabilistic Generative Classifiers with Data Mining Applications %V 26
Engineering and Mastering Interwoven Systems.Tomforde, S.; Hähner, J.; Seebach, H.; Reif, W.; Sick, B.; Wacker, A.; Scholtes, I. In International Workshop on Self-optimisation in Organic and Autonomic Computing Systems (SAOS), ARCS, bll 1–8. VDE, L"ubeck, Germany, 2014.
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{tomforde2014engineering, address = {L{"u}beck, Germany}, author = {Tomforde, S. and H{\"a}hner, J. and Seebach, H. and Reif, W. and Sick, B. and Wacker, A. and Scholtes, I.}, booktitle = {International Workshop on Self-optimisation in Organic and Autonomic Computing Systems (SAOS), ARCS}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {1–8}, publisher = {VDE}, title = {Engineering and Mastering Interwoven Systems}, year = 2014 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 tomforde2014engineering %A Tomforde, S. %A Hähner, J. %A Seebach, H. %A Reif, W. %A Sick, B. %A Wacker, A. %A Scholtes, I. %B International Workshop on Self-optimisation in Organic and Autonomic Computing Systems (SAOS), ARCS %C L"ubeck, Germany %D 2014 %I VDE %P 1--8 %T Engineering and Mastering Interwoven Systems
Location based learning of user behavior for proactive recommender systems in car comfort functions.Stone, T.; Birth, O.; Gensler, A.; Huber, A.; Jänicke, M.; Sick, B. In INFORMATIK 2014, bll 2121–2132. Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V., 2014.
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- [ EndNote ]
- [ URL ]
@inproceedings{stone2014location, author = {Stone, T. and Birth, O. and Gensler, A. and Huber, A. and J{\"a}nicke, M. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {INFORMATIK 2014}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {2121–2132}, publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.}, title = {Location based learning of user behavior for proactive recommender systems in car comfort functions}, year = 2014 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 stone2014location %A Stone, T. %A Birth, O. %A Gensler, A. %A Huber, A. %A Jänicke, M. %A Sick, B. %B INFORMATIK 2014 %D 2014 %I Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. %P 2121--2132 %T Location based learning of user behavior for proactive recommender systems in car comfort functions %U https://dl.gi.de/handle/20.500.12116/2842
Programmierkompetenz prüfen … am Beispiel der Vorlesung "Einführung in C" an der Universität Kassel.Herwig, B.; Frommann, U.; Gruber, T.; Sick, B. In Neues Handbuch Hochschullehre, bll 71–94. Raabe, 2014.
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- [ EndNote ]
@incollection{herwig2014programmierkompetenz, author = {Herwig, B. and Frommann, U. and Gruber, T. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {Neues Handbuch Hochschullehre}, keywords = {imported}, number = 64, pages = {71–94}, publisher = {Raabe}, title = {Programmierkompetenz pr{\"u}fen … am Beispiel der Vorlesung "Einf{\"u}hrung in C" an der Universit{\"a}t Kassel}, year = 2014 }
%0 Book Section %1 herwig2014programmierkompetenz %A Herwig, B. %A Frommann, U. %A Gruber, T. %A Sick, B. %B Neues Handbuch Hochschullehre %D 2014 %I Raabe %N 64 %P 71--94 %T Programmierkompetenz prüfen … am Beispiel der Vorlesung "Einführung in C" an der Universität Kassel
Interwoven Systems.Tomforde, S.; Hähner, J.; Sick, B. In Informatik Spektrum, 37(5), bll 483–487. Springer, 2014.
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- [ EndNote ]
@article{tomforde2014interwoven, author = {Tomforde, S. and H{\"a}hner, J. and Sick, B.}, journal = {Informatik Spektrum}, keywords = {imported}, number = 5, pages = {483–487}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Interwoven Systems}, volume = 37, year = 2014 }
%0 Journal Article %1 tomforde2014interwoven %A Tomforde, S. %A Hähner, J. %A Sick, B. %D 2014 %I Springer %J Informatik Spektrum %N 5 %P 483--487 %R 10.1007/s00287-014-0827-z %T Interwoven Systems %V 37
On General Purpose Time Series Similarity Measures and Their Use as Kernel Functions in Support Vector Machines.Pree, H.; Herwig, B.; Gruber, T.; Sick, B.; David, K.; Lukowicz, P. In Information Sciences, 281, bll 478–495. Elsevier, 2014.
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@article{pree2014general, author = {Pree, H. and Herwig, B. and Gruber, T. and Sick, B. and David, K. and Lukowicz, P.}, journal = {Information Sciences}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {478–495}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {On General Purpose Time Series Similarity Measures and Their Use as Kernel Functions in Support Vector Machines}, volume = 281, year = 2014 }
%0 Journal Article %1 pree2014general %A Pree, H. %A Herwig, B. %A Gruber, T. %A Sick, B. %A David, K. %A Lukowicz, P. %D 2014 %I Elsevier %J Information Sciences %P 478--495 %R 10.1016/j.ins.2014.05.025 %T On General Purpose Time Series Similarity Measures and Their Use as Kernel Functions in Support Vector Machines %V 281
Novel Criteria to Measure Performance of Time Series Segmentation Techniques.Gensler, A.; Sick, B.; Pankraz, V. In Workshop on Knowledge Discovery, Data Mining and Machine Learning (KDML), LWA, bll 192–204. Aachen, Germany, 2014.
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- [ URL ]
@inproceedings{gensler2014novel, address = {Aachen, Germany}, author = {Gensler, A. and Sick, B. and Pankraz, V.}, booktitle = {Workshop on Knowledge Discovery, Data Mining and Machine Learning (KDML), LWA}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {192–204}, title = {Novel Criteria to Measure Performance of Time Series Segmentation Techniques}, year = 2014 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 gensler2014novel %A Gensler, A. %A Sick, B. %A Pankraz, V. %B Workshop on Knowledge Discovery, Data Mining and Machine Learning (KDML), LWA %C Aachen, Germany %D 2014 %P 192--204 %T Novel Criteria to Measure Performance of Time Series Segmentation Techniques %U http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1226/paper31.pdf
Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2014. Tomforde, S.; Sick, B. In Vol. 4Intelligent Embedded Systems. kassel university press, 2014.
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- [ URL ]
@book{tomforde2014organic, editor = {Tomforde, S. and Sick, B.}, keywords = {imported}, publisher = {kassel university press}, series = {Intelligent Embedded Systems}, title = {Organic Computing – Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2014}, volume = 4, year = 2014 }
%0 Book %1 tomforde2014organic %B Intelligent Embedded Systems %D 2014 %E Tomforde, S. %E Sick, B. %I kassel university press %T Organic Computing -- Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2014 %U https://www.uni-kassel.de/ub/publizieren/kassel-university-press/verlagsprogramm?h=9783862198320 %V 4

2013[ to top ]

Let us know your decision: Pool-based active training of a generative classifier with the selection strategy 4DS.Reitmaier, T.; Sick, B. In Information Sciences, 230, bll 106–131. Elsevier, 2013.
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@article{reitmaier2013let, author = {Reitmaier, T. and Sick, B.}, journal = {Information Sciences}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {106–131}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {Let us know your decision: Pool-based active training of a generative classifier with the selection strategy {4DS}}, volume = 230, year = 2013 }
%0 Journal Article %1 reitmaier2013let %A Reitmaier, T. %A Sick, B. %D 2013 %I Elsevier %J Information Sciences %P 106--131 %R 10.1016/j.ins.2012.11.015 %T Let us know your decision: Pool-based active training of a generative classifier with the selection strategy 4DS %V 230

2012[ to top ]

Handedness Tests for Preschool Children: A Novel Approach Based on Graphics Tablets and Support Vector Machines.Gruber, T.; Meixner, B.; Prosser, J.; Sick, B. In Applied Soft Computing, 12(4), bll 1390–1398. Elsevier, 2012.
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@article{gruber2012handedness, author = {Gruber, T. and Meixner, B. and Prosser, J. and Sick, B.}, journal = {Applied Soft Computing}, keywords = {imported}, number = 4, pages = {1390–1398}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {Handedness Tests for Preschool Children: A Novel Approach Based on Graphics Tablets and Support Vector Machines}, volume = 12, year = 2012 }
%0 Journal Article %1 gruber2012handedness %A Gruber, T. %A Meixner, B. %A Prosser, J. %A Sick, B. %D 2012 %I Elsevier %J Applied Soft Computing %N 4 %P 1390--1398 %R 10.1016/j.asoc.2011.11.022 %T Handedness Tests for Preschool Children: A Novel Approach Based on Graphics Tablets and Support Vector Machines %V 12
Determination of Optimal CT Scan Parameters Using Radial Basis Function Neural Networks.Giedl-Wagner, R.; Miller, T.; Sick, B. In Conference on Industrial Computed Tomography (iCT), bll 221–228. Wels, Austria, 2012.
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@inproceedings{giedlwagner2012determination, address = {Wels, Austria}, author = {Giedl-Wagner, R. and Miller, T. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {Conference on Industrial Computed Tomography (iCT)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {221–228}, title = {Determination of Optimal {CT} Scan Parameters Using Radial Basis Function Neural Networks}, year = 2012 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 giedlwagner2012determination %A Giedl-Wagner, R. %A Miller, T. %A Sick, B. %B Conference on Industrial Computed Tomography (iCT) %C Wels, Austria %D 2012 %P 221--228 %T Determination of Optimal CT Scan Parameters Using Radial Basis Function Neural Networks %U https://www.ndt.net/article/ctc2012/papers/235.pdf
Forecasting exchange rates with ensemble neural networks and ensemble K-PLS: A case study for the US Dollar per Indian Rupee.Embrechts, M. J.; Gatti, C. J.; Linton, J. D.; Gruber, T.; Sick, B. In International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), bll 1–8. IEEE, Brisbane, Australia, 2012.
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@inproceedings{embrechts2012forecasting, address = {Brisbane, Australia}, author = {Embrechts, M. J. and Gatti, C. J. and Linton, J. D. and Gruber, T. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {1–8}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Forecasting exchange rates with ensemble neural networks and ensemble {K-PLS}: A case study for the {US Dollar per Indian Rupee}}, year = 2012 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 embrechts2012forecasting %A Embrechts, M. J. %A Gatti, C. J. %A Linton, J. D. %A Gruber, T. %A Sick, B. %B International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) %C Brisbane, Australia %D 2012 %I IEEE %P 1--8 %R 10.1109/ijcnn.2012.6252739 %T Forecasting exchange rates with ensemble neural networks and ensemble K-PLS: A case study for the US Dollar per Indian Rupee
Learning from others: Exchange of classification rules in intelligent distributed systems.Fisch, D.; Jänicke, M.; Kalkowski, E.; Sick, B. In Artificial Intelligence, 187--188, bll 90–114. Elsevier, 2012.
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@article{fisch2012learning, author = {Fisch, D. and J{\"a}nicke, M. and Kalkowski, E. and Sick, B.}, journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {90–114}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {Learning from others: Exchange of classification rules in intelligent distributed systems}, volume = {187–188}, year = 2012 }
%0 Journal Article %1 fisch2012learning %A Fisch, D. %A Jänicke, M. %A Kalkowski, E. %A Sick, B. %D 2012 %I Elsevier %J Artificial Intelligence %P 90--114 %R 10.1016/j.artint.2012.04.002 %T Learning from others: Exchange of classification rules in intelligent distributed systems %V 187--188
Techniques for knowledge acquisition in dynamically changing environments.Fisch, D.; Jänicke, M.; Kalkowski, E.; Sick, B. In ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems, 7(1), bl 16. ACM, 2012.
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@article{fisch2012techniques, author = {Fisch, D. and J{\"a}nicke, M. and Kalkowski, E. and Sick, B.}, journal = {{ACM} Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems}, keywords = {imported}, number = 1, pages = 16, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Techniques for knowledge acquisition in dynamically changing environments}, volume = 7, year = 2012 }
%0 Journal Article %1 fisch2012techniques %A Fisch, D. %A Jänicke, M. %A Kalkowski, E. %A Sick, B. %D 2012 %I ACM %J ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems %N 1 %P 16 %R 10.1145/2168260.2168276 %T Techniques for knowledge acquisition in dynamically changing environments %V 7

2011[ to top ]

On-Line Intrusion Alert Aggregation With Generative Data Stream Modeling.Hofmann, A.; Sick, B. In IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, 8(2), bll 282–294. IEEE, 2011.
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@article{hofmann2011line, author = {Hofmann, A. and Sick, B.}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing}, keywords = {imported}, number = 2, pages = {282–294}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {On-Line Intrusion Alert Aggregation With Generative Data Stream Modeling}, volume = 8, year = 2011 }
%0 Journal Article %1 hofmann2011line %A Hofmann, A. %A Sick, B. %D 2011 %I IEEE %J IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing %N 2 %P 282--294 %R 10.1109/tdsc.2009.36 %T On-Line Intrusion Alert Aggregation With Generative Data Stream Modeling %V 8
Wissenschaftspropädeutisches Arbeiten im W-Seminar: Grundlagen -- Chancen -- Herausforderungen.Gottfried, T.; Fliege, R.; Frömberg, J.; Heckmann, G.; Sick, B.; Triller, U.; Wunsch, M. Munich, Germany, 2011.
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@misc{gottfried2011wissenschaftspropadeutisches, address = {Munich, Germany}, author = {Gottfried, T. and Fliege, R. and Fr{\"o}mberg, J. and Heckmann, G. and Sick, B. and Triller, U. and Wunsch, M.}, keywords = {imported}, title = {Wissenschaftsprop{\"a}deutisches {Arbeiten} im {W-Seminar}: Grundlagen – {Chancen} – {Herausforderungen}}, year = 2011 }
%0 Generic %1 gottfried2011wissenschaftspropadeutisches %A Gottfried, T. %A Fliege, R. %A Frömberg, J. %A Heckmann, G. %A Sick, B. %A Triller, U. %A Wunsch, M. %C Munich, Germany %D 2011 %T Wissenschaftspropädeutisches Arbeiten im W-Seminar: Grundlagen -- Chancen -- Herausforderungen
SwiftRule: Mining Comprehensible Classification Rules for Time Series Analysis.Fisch, D.; Gruber, T.; Sick, B. In IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 23(5), bll 774–787. IEEE, 2011.
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@article{fisch2011swiftrule, author = {Fisch, D. and Gruber, T. and Sick, B.}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering}, keywords = {imported}, number = 5, pages = {774–787}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {{SwiftRule}: Mining Comprehensible Classification Rules for Time Series Analysis}, volume = 23, year = 2011 }
%0 Journal Article %1 fisch2011swiftrule %A Fisch, D. %A Gruber, T. %A Sick, B. %D 2011 %I IEEE %J IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering %N 5 %P 774--787 %R 10.1109/tkde.2010.161 %T SwiftRule: Mining Comprehensible Classification Rules for Time Series Analysis %V 23
Divergence Measures as a Generalised Approach to Quantitative Emergence.Fisch, D.; Jänicke, M.; Müller-Schloer, C.; Sick, B. In Organic Computing -- A Paradigm Shift for Complex Systems, C. Müller-Schloer, H. Schmeck, T. Ungerer (reds.), bll 53–66. Springer, 2011.
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@inbook{fisch2011divergence, author = {Fisch, D. and J{\"a}nicke, M. and M{\"u}ller-Schloer, C. and Sick, B.}, booktitle = {Organic Computing – A Paradigm Shift for Complex Systems}, chapter = 1, editor = {M{\"u}ller-Schloer, C. and Schmeck, H. and Ungerer, T.}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {53–66}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Divergence Measures as a Generalised Approach to Quantitative Emergence}, year = 2011 }
%0 Book Section %1 fisch2011divergence %A Fisch, D. %A Jänicke, M. %A Müller-Schloer, C. %A Sick, B. %B Organic Computing -- A Paradigm Shift for Complex Systems %D 2011 %E Müller-Schloer, C. %E Schmeck, H. %E Ungerer, T. %I Springer %P 53--66 %R 10.1007/978-3-0348-0130-0_3 %T Divergence Measures as a Generalised Approach to Quantitative Emergence %& 1
In your interest: Objective interestingness measures for a generative classifier.Fisch, D.; Kalkowski, E.; Sick, B.; Ovaska, S. In International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART), bll 414–423. Rome, Italy, 2011.
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@inproceedings{fisch2011your, address = {Rome, Italy}, author = {Fisch, D. and Kalkowski, E. and Sick, B. and Ovaska, S.}, booktitle = {International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {414–423}, title = {In your interest: Objective interestingness measures for a generative classifier}, year = 2011 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 fisch2011your %A Fisch, D. %A Kalkowski, E. %A Sick, B. %A Ovaska, S. %B International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART) %C Rome, Italy %D 2011 %P 414--423 %R 10.5220/0003186404140423 %T In your interest: Objective interestingness measures for a generative classifier
Learning: Preface.Sick, B. In Organic Computing -- A Paradigm Shift for Complex Systems, C. Müller-Schloer, H. Schmeck, T. Ungerer (reds.), bll 235–236. Springer, 2011.
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@inbook{sick2011learning, author = {Sick, B.}, booktitle = {Organic Computing – A Paradigm Shift for Complex Systems}, chapter = 3, editor = {M{\"u}ller-Schloer, C. and Schmeck, H. and Ungerer, T.}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {235–236}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Learning: Preface}, year = 2011 }
%0 Book Section %1 sick2011learning %A Sick, B. %B Organic Computing -- A Paradigm Shift for Complex Systems %D 2011 %E Müller-Schloer, C. %E Schmeck, H. %E Ungerer, T. %I Springer %P 235--236 %R 10.1007/978-3-0348-0130-0 %T Learning: Preface %& 3

2010[ to top ]

Quantitative Emergence -- A Refined Approach Based on Divergence Measures.Fisch, D.; Jänicke, M.; Sick, B.; Müller-Schloer, C. In IEEE International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems (SASO), bll 94–103. IEEE, Budapest, Hungary, 2010.
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@inproceedings{fisch2010quantitative, address = {Budapest, Hungary}, author = {Fisch, D. and J{\"a}nicke, M. and Sick, B. and M{\"u}ller-Schloer, C.}, booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems (SASO)}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {94–103}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Quantitative Emergence – A Refined Approach Based on Divergence Measures}, year = 2010 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 fisch2010quantitative %A Fisch, D. %A Jänicke, M. %A Sick, B. %A Müller-Schloer, C. %B IEEE International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems (SASO) %C Budapest, Hungary %D 2010 %I IEEE %P 94--103 %R 10.1109/saso.2010.31 %T Quantitative Emergence -- A Refined Approach Based on Divergence Measures
Online Signature Verification With Support Vector Machines Based on LCSS Kernel Functions.Gruber, C.; Gruber, T.; Krinninger, S.; Sick, B. In IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), 40(4), bll 1088–1100. IEEE, 2010.
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@article{gruber2010online, author = {Gruber, C. and Gruber, T. and Krinninger, S. and Sick, B.}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics)}, keywords = {imported}, number = 4, pages = {1088–1100}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Online Signature Verification With Support Vector Machines Based on {LCSS} Kernel Functions}, volume = 40, year = 2010 }
%0 Journal Article %1 gruber2010online %A Gruber, C. %A Gruber, T. %A Krinninger, S. %A Sick, B. %D 2010 %I IEEE %J IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics) %N 4 %P 1088--1100 %R 10.1109/tsmcb.2009.2034382 %T Online Signature Verification With Support Vector Machines Based on LCSS Kernel Functions %V 40
Temporal Data Mining Using Shape Space Representations of Time Series.Fuchs, E.; Gruber, T.; Pree, H.; Sick, B. In Neurocomputing, 74(1--3), bll 379–393. Elsevier, 2010.
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@article{fuchs2010temporal, author = {Fuchs, E. and Gruber, T. and Pree, H. and Sick, B.}, journal = {Neurocomputing}, keywords = {imported}, number = {1–3}, pages = {379–393}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {Temporal Data Mining Using Shape Space Representations of Time Series}, volume = 74, year = 2010 }
%0 Journal Article %1 fuchs2010temporal %A Fuchs, E. %A Gruber, T. %A Pree, H. %A Sick, B. %D 2010 %I Elsevier %J Neurocomputing %N 1--3 %P 379--393 %R 10.1016/j.neucom.2010.03.022 %T Temporal Data Mining Using Shape Space Representations of Time Series %V 74
Online Segmentation of Time Series Based on Polynomial Least-Squares Approximations.Fuchs, E.; Gruber, T.; Nitschke, J.; Sick, B. In IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 32(12), bll 2232–2245. IEEE, 2010.
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@article{fuchs2010online, author = {Fuchs, E. and Gruber, T. and Nitschke, J. and Sick, B.}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence}, keywords = {imported}, number = 12, pages = {2232–2245}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Online Segmentation of Time Series Based on Polynomial Least-Squares Approximations}, volume = 32, year = 2010 }
%0 Journal Article %1 fuchs2010online %A Fuchs, E. %A Gruber, T. %A Nitschke, J. %A Sick, B. %D 2010 %I IEEE %J IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence %N 12 %P 2232--2245 %R 10.1109/tpami.2010.44 %T Online Segmentation of Time Series Based on Polynomial Least-Squares Approximations %V 32

2007[ to top ]

Towards an Automated Analysis of Neuroleptics’ Impact on Human Hand Motor Skills.Dose, Matthias; Gruber, Christian; Grunz, Ariane; Hook, Christian; Kempf, Jürgen; Scharfenberg, Georg; Sick, Bernhard. In IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (CIBCB), SSCI, bll 494–501. IEEE, 2007.
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- [ URL ]
@inproceedings{dose2007towards, author = {Dose, Matthias and Gruber, Christian and Grunz, Ariane and Hook, Christian and Kempf, J{\"{u}}rgen and Scharfenberg, Georg and Sick, Bernhard}, booktitle = {IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (CIBCB), SSCI}, keywords = {imported}, pages = {494–501}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Towards an Automated Analysis of Neuroleptics' Impact on Human Hand Motor Skills}, year = 2007 }
%0 Conference Paper %1 dose2007towards %A Dose, Matthias %A Gruber, Christian %A Grunz, Ariane %A Hook, Christian %A Kempf, Jürgen %A Scharfenberg, Georg %A Sick, Bernhard %B IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (CIBCB), SSCI %D 2007 %I IEEE %P 494--501 %T Towards an Automated Analysis of Neuroleptics' Impact on Human Hand Motor Skills %U http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4221261/

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