Introduction to the methods of qualitative reconstructive research
This section offers the perfect introduction to qualitative research for students interested in
empirical research methods in sociology. Qualitative methods are examined against the
background of their methodological and scientific-theoretical prerequisites. Comparisons are
made with quantitative methods in order to highlight the differences and similarities. Overall,
the approaches taught are characterized by a close interlocking of theory and empiricism.
Historical background
Since the 1970s, methods have been explicitly identified as “qualitative” and differentiated
from the so-called standardized methods of quantitative social research. While quantitative
methods use mathematical standards, the sociological standards of qualitative methods are
developed in close cooperation with the natural standards and routines of communication.
One speaks of qualitative-reconstructive methods because the sociological standards are
created on the basis of the empirical reconstruction of research practice. For this reason, the
mathematical standards of quantitative social research are independent of the research
practice, while the sociological standards of qualitative social research can be designed
differently for each method and its respective research practice.
Application of empirical research methods in sociology
With the emergence of mixed methods and multi-method research, empirical research
methods are being discussed beyond the classical dualism of quantitative and qualitative. The
section is located in these current discussions and contributes to the further development of
the interpretative paradigm. Unlike the term “qualitative”, the interpretative paradigm is much
older and provides a point of reference for many empirical methods. Following Max Weber,
for example, research methods can aim to understand social action through interpretation in
order to explain it.
The section works empirically in the following research fields:
- Habits: Less-than-conscious habits stabilize society and create social order. Social
transformation presupposes a transformation of habits.
- Human-animal and human-technology relationships: Video hermeneutics is suitable for
analyzing the material and bodily functional relationships between humans, animals and
technology.
- Communitization through religion: Religious communities create collective identities and
support individuals in coping with social crises.
Conclusion
The consistent application of empirical research methods offers students a practical approach
to sociology. Tailored to the specific topics in social work, individual methods are tested and
discussed together. The idea of research-based learning is pursued by supporting students in
developing and implementing their own project ideas.
