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2024[ to top ]

[1]
S. Beddar-Wiesing, “Weisfeiler–Lehman goes dynamic: An analysis of the expressive power of Graph Neural Networks for attributed and dynamic graphs”, Neural Networks, vol. 173, p. 106213, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.neunet.2024.106213.
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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a large class of relational models for graph processing. Recent theoretical studies on the expressive power of GNNs have focused on two issues. On the one hand, it has been proven that GNNs are as powerful as the Weisfeiler–Lehman test (1-WL) in their ability to distinguish graphs. Moreover, it has been shown that the equivalence enforced by 1-WL equals unfolding equivalence. On the other hand, GNNs turned out to be universal approximators on graphs modulo the constraints enforced by 1-WL/unfolding equivalence. However, these results only apply to Static Attributed Undirected Homogeneous Graphs (SAUHG) with node attributes. In contrast, real-life applications often involve a much larger variety of graph types. In this paper, we conduct a theoretical analysis of the expressive power of GNNs for two other graph domains that are particularly interesting in practical applications, namely dynamic graphs and SAUGHs with edge attributes. Dynamic graphs are widely used in modern applications; hence, the study of the expressive capability of GNNs in this domain is essential for practical reasons and, in addition, it requires a new analyzing approach due to the difference in the architecture of dynamic GNNs compared to static ones. On the other hand, the examination of SAUHGs is of particular relevance since they act as a standard form for all graph types: it has been shown that all graph types can be transformed without loss of information to SAUHGs with both attributes on nodes and edges. This paper considers generic GNN models and appropriate 1-WL tests for those domains. Then, the known results on the expressive power of GNNs are extended to the mentioned domains: it is proven that GNNs have the same capability as the 1-WL test, the 1-WL equivalence equals unfolding equivalence and that GNNs are universal approximators modulo 1-WL/unfolding equivalence. Moreover, the proof of the approximation capability is mostly constructive and allows us to deduce hints on the architecture of GNNs that can achieve the desired approximation.
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D. Botache, “Enhancing Multi-Objective Optimization through Machine Learning-Supported Multiphysics Simulation”, arXiv e-prints, p. arXiv:2309.13179v2, 2024, [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.13179
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This paper presents a methodological framework for training, self-optimising, and self-organising surrogate models to approximate and speed up multiobjective optimisation of technical systems based on multiphysics simulations. At the hand of two real-world datasets, we illustrate that surrogate models can be trained on relatively small amounts of data to approximate the underlying simulations accurately. Including explainable AI techniques allow for highlighting feature relevancy or dependencies and supporting the possible extension of the used datasets. One of the datasets was created for this paper and is made publicly available for the broader scientific community. Extensive experiments combine four machine learning and deep learning algorithms with an evolutionary optimisation algorithm. The performance of the combined training and optimisation pipeline is evaluated by verifying the generated Pareto-optimal results using the ground truth simulations. The results from our pipeline and a comprehensive evaluation strategy show the potential for efficiently acquiring solution candidates in multiobjective optimisation tasks by reducing the number of simulations and conserving a higher prediction accuracy, i.e., with a MAPE score under 5% for one of the presented use cases.
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A. Dannenberg, “The Effects of Norms on Environmental Behavior”, Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, vol. 18, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2024.
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C. Draude, “Conceptual Mapping of Controversies”, Conceptual Knowledge Structures, vol. 14914, pp. 201–216, 2024, doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-67868-4_14.
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With our work, we contribute towards a qualitative analysis of the discourse on controversies in online news media. For this, we employ Formal Concept Analysis and the economics of conventions to derive conceptual controversy maps. In our experiments, we analyze two maps from different news journals with methods from ordinal data science. We show how these methods can be used to assess the diversity, complexity and potential bias of controversies. In addition to that, we discuss how the diagrams of concept lattices can be used to navigate between news articles.
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B. Elsaka, “Casimir Effect in MEMS: Materials, Geometries, and Metrologies—A Review”, Materials, vol. 17, no. 14, Art. no. 14, 2024, doi: 10.3390/ma17143393.
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Casimir force densities, i.e., force per area, become very large if two solid material surfaces come closer together to each other than 10 nm. In most cases, the forces are attractive. In some cases, they can be repulsive depending on the solid materials and the fluid medium in between. This review provides an overview of experimental and theoretical studies that have been performed and focuses on four main aspects: (i) the combinations of different materials, (ii) the considered geometries, (iii) the applied experimental measurement methodologies and (iv) a novel self-assembly methodology based on Casimir forces. Briefly reviewed is also the influence of additional parameters such as temperature, conductivity, and surface roughness. The Casimir effect opens many application possibilities in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), where an overview is also provided. The knowledge generation in this fascinating field requires interdisciplinary approaches to generate synergetic effects between technological fabrication metrology, theoretical simulations, the establishment of adequate models, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. Finally, multiple applications are addressed as a research roadmap.
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L. Funke, “Capturing Nonlinear Electron Dynamics with Fully Characterised Attosecond X-ray Pulses”, arXiv e-prints, p. arXiv:2408.03858, 2024, [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.03858
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Attosecond X-ray pulses are the key to studying electron dynamics at their natural time scale involving specific electronic states. They are promising to build the conceptual bridge between physical and chemical photo-reaction processes. Free-electron lasers have demonstrated their capability of generating intense attosecond X-ray pulses. However, harnessing them for time-resolving experiments and investigations of nonlinear X-ray absorption mechanisms remains a cutting-edge challenge. We have characterised X-ray pulses with durations of down to 700attoseconds and peak powers up to 200GW at ∼ 1keV photon energy via angular streaking at the SQS instrument of the European XFEL. As direct application, we present results of nonlinear X-ray-matter interaction via state-specific spectroscopy on a transient system. Using the derived spectral and temporal information of each pulse, we deliberately steer the probability for formation of double-core vacancies in neon gas atoms through excitation or ionisation of the second inner-shell electron after K-shell ionisation. Our results advance the field of attosecond science with highly intense and fully characterised X-ray pulses to the site-specific investigation of electronic motion in transient media.
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C. Geminn and A. Roßnagel, “The GDPR five years on. A retrospective from the viewpoint of consumers”, Revue européenne de droit de la consommation / European Journal of Consumer Law, pp. 109–129, 2024.
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C. Geminn, M. Terada, and T. Tatsumi, “Die Verwaltung in der Pandemie. Bewältigungsstrategien in Japan und Deutschland”, Die Öffentliche Verwaltung, 2024.
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C. Gilga, T. Panahi, and S. Schindler, “Politisches Microtargeting – Rechtsfragen personalisierter politischer Werbung”, Computer und Recht, pp. 416–424, 2024.
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Y. He, Z. Huang, S. Vogt, and B. Sick, “PrOuD: Probabilistic Outlier Detection Solution for Time Series Analysis on Real-world Photovoltaic Inverters”, Energies (MDPI), vol. 17, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2024, doi: 10.3390/en17010064.
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Anomaly detection methods applied to time series are mostly viewed as a black box, which solely provides a deterministic answer to the detected target. Without a convincing explanation, domain experts can hardly trust the detection results and conduct a further time series diagnosis in real-world applications. To overcome the challenge, we mathematically analyzed the sources of anomalies and novelties in multivariate time series as well as their relationships from the perspective of Gaussian-distributed non-stationary noise. Furthermore, we proposed mathematical methods to generate artificial time series and synthetic anomalies, with the goal of solving the problem that it is difficult to train and evaluate models in real-world applications due to the lack of sufficient data. In addition, we designed extbfProbabilistic extbfOutlier extbfDetection (PrOuD), which is a general solution to provide interpretable detection results to assist domain experts in time series analysis. PrOuD can convert a predictive uncertainty of a trained model about a time series value into an estimated uncertainty of the detected outlier through Monte Carlo Estimation. The experimental results obtained on both artificial time series and real-world photovoltaic inverter data demonstrated that the proposed solution could detect emerging anomalies accurately and quickly. The implemented PrOuD demo case shows the potential to makes the detection results of the existing detection methods more convincing so that domain experts can more efficiently complete their tasks, such as time series diagnosis and anomalous pattern clustering.
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F. Heidecker, A. El-Khateeb, M. Bieshaar, and B. Sick, “Criteria for Uncertainty-based Corner Cases Detection in Instance Segmentation”, arXiv e-prints, p. arXiv:2404.11266, 2024, [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.11266
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The operating environment of a highly automated vehicle is subject to change, e.g., weather, illumination, or the scenario containing different objects and other participants in which the highly automated vehicle has to navigate its passengers safely. These situations must be considered when developing and validating highly automated driving functions. This already poses a problem for training and evaluating deep learning models because without the costly labeling of thousands of recordings, not knowing whether the data contains relevant, interesting data for further model training, it is a guess under which conditions and situations the model performs poorly. For this purpose, we present corner case criteria based on the predictive uncertainty. With our corner case criteria, we are able to detect uncertainty-based corner cases of an object instance segmentation model without relying on ground truth (GT) data. We evaluated each corner case criterion using the COCO and the NuImages dataset to analyze the potential of our approach. We also provide a corner case decision function that allows us to distinguish each object into True Positive (TP), localization and/or classification corner case, or False Positive (FP). We also present our first results of an iterative training cycle that outperforms the baseline and where the data added to the training dataset is selected based on the corner case decision function.
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J. T. Helmke, “Lootboxen in Videospielen aus jugendschutzrechtlicher Perspektive - Wie kann das Jugendschutzrecht seinem Namen gerecht werden?”, Computer und Recht, pp. 254–261, 2024.
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J. Hennrich, E. Ritz, P. Hofmann, and N. Urbach, “Capturing artificial intelligence applications’ value proposition in healthcare – a qualitative research study”, Capturing artificial intelligence applications’ value proposition in healthcare – a qualitative research study, vol. 2024, 2024, doi: 10.1186/s12913-024-10894-4.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) applications pave the way for innovations in the healthcare (HC) industry. However, their adoption in HC organizations is still nascent as organizations often face a fragmented and incomplete picture of how they can capture the value of AI applications on a managerial level. To overcome adoption hurdles, HC organizations would benefit from understanding how they can capture AI applications’ potential. We conduct a comprehensive systematic literature review and 11 semi-structured expert interviews to identify, systematize, and describe 15 business objectives that translate into six value propositions of AI applications in HC. Our results demonstrate that AI applications can have several business objectives converging into risk-reduced patient care, advanced patient care, self-management, process acceleration, resource optimization, and knowledge discovery. We contribute to the literature by extending research on value creation mechanisms of AI to the HC context and guiding HC organizations in evaluating their AI applications or those of the competition on a managerial level, to assess AI investment decisions, and to align their AI application portfolio towards an overarching strategy.
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M. Herde, L. Lührs, D. Huseljic, and B. Sick, “Annot-Mix: Learning with Noisy Class Labels from Multiple Annotators via a Mixup Extension”, arXiv e-prints, p. arXiv:2405.0338, 2024, [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.03386
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Training with noisy class labels impairs neural networks' generalization performance. In this context, mixup is a popular regularization technique to improve training robustness by making memorizing false class labels more difficult. However, mixup neglects that, typically, multiple annotators, e.g., crowdworkers, provide class labels. Therefore, we propose an extension of mixup, which handles multiple class labels per instance while considering which class label originates from which annotator. Integrated into our multi-annotator classification framework annot-mix, it performs superiorly to eight state-of-the-art approaches on eleven datasets with noisy class labels provided either by human or simulated annotators. Our code is publicly available through our repository at this https://github.com/ies-research/annot-mix..
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J. Hirth, V. Horn, G. Stumme, and T. Hanika, “Ordinal motifs in lattices”, Information Sciences, vol. 659, p. 120009, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2023.120009.
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V. Horn and C. Draude, “The Ladder of Data Citizen Participation: A Sociotechnical Lens for Designing Democratic Digital Services in the Data Economy”, Interacting with Computers, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.1093/iwc/iwae038.
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G. Hornung, J.-P. Muttach, and T. Schaller, “Richtlinie über die Resilienz kritischer Einrichtungen: neue Pflichten für Unternehmen und Umsetzungsbedarf in Deutschland”, Computer und Recht, pp. 229–237, 2024.
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G. Hornung, T. Schaller, A. Selzer, and S. Stummer, “Rechtliche und technische Herausforderungen von Privatheit in Big-Data-Verarbeitungssystemen”, Kommunikation & Recht 2024, pp. 187–192, 2024.
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D. Huseljic, M. Herde, Y. Nagel, L. Rauch, P. Strimaitis, and B. Sick, “The Interplay of Uncertainty Modeling and Deep Active Learning: An Empirical Analysis in Image Classification”, Transactions on Machine Learning Research, 2024, [Online]. Available: https://openreview.net/forum?id=KLBD13bsVl
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Deep active learning (AL) seeks to reduce the annotation costs required for training deep neural networks (DNNs). Often, deep AL strategies focus on instances where the predictive uncertainty of a DNN is high. Furthermore, Bayesian concepts to model uncertainty are frequently adopted. Despite considerable research, a detailed analysis of the role of uncertainty in deep AL is still missing, especially regarding aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty, both related to predictive uncertainty. This article provides an in-depth empirical study analyzing the interplay of uncertainty and deep AL in image classification. Our study investigates four hypotheses that provide an intuitive understanding of the effects of accurately estimating aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty on existing uncertainty-based AL strategies but also, in the opposite direction, the impact of uncertainty-based AL on the quality of uncertainty estimates that are needed in many applications. By analyzing these hypotheses on synthetic and real-world data, we find that accurate aleatoric estimates can even impair instance selection, while accurate epistemic estimates have negligible effects. Moreover, we provide a publicly available toolbox for deep AL with various models and strategies to facilitate further research and practical applications. Code is available at https://github.com/dhuseljic/dal-toolbox.
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M. Kohpeiß and T. Schaller, “Systeme zur Angriffserkennung nach dem neuen EU-Cybersicherheitsrahmen – Hochrisiko-Systeme der KI-Verordnung?”, Computer und Recht, pp. 22–29, 2024.
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M. M. Li, I. Nikishina, Özge Sevgili, and M. Semmann, “Wiping out the limitations of Large Language Models - A Taxonomy for Retrieval Augmented Generation”, 2024, doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2408.02854.
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Current research on RAGs is distributed across various disciplines, and since the technology is evolving very quickly, its unit of analysis is mostly on technological innovations, rather than applications in business contexts. Thus, in this research, we aim to create a taxonomy to conceptualize a comprehensive overview of the constituting characteristics that define RAG applications, facilitating the adoption of this technology in the IS community. To the best of our knowledge, no RAG application taxonomies have been developed so far. We describe our methodology for developing the taxonomy, which includes the criteria for selecting papers, an explanation of our rationale for employing a Large Language Model (LLM)-supported approach to extract and identify initial characteristics, and a concise overview of our systematic process for conceptualizing the taxonomy. Our systematic taxonomy development process includes four iterative phases designed to refine and enhance our understanding and presentation of RAG’s core dimensions. We have developed a total of five meta-dimensions and sixteen dimensions to comprehensively capture the concept of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) applications. When discussing our findings, we also detail the specific research areas and pose key research questions to guide future information system researchers as they explore the emerging topics of RAG systems.
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E. Ritz, A. Joas, T. Wambsganss, R. Rietsche, and J. M. Leimeister, “How a Swiss luxury retailer implements process mining to improve data-driven customer excellence”, Journal of Information Technology Teaching Cases, pp. 1–9, 2024, doi: 10.1177/20438869241261399.
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T. Schaller and H.-H. Schild, “Die Verarbeitung von Beschäftigtendaten in Systemen zur Angriffserkennung”, Neue Zeitschrift für Arbeitsrecht, pp. 505–513, 2024.
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H.-H. Schild, “Vorschlag der EU-Kommission zur Beschleunigung der Beschwerdeverfahren bei Grenzüberschreitungen”, Datenschutz Nachrichten, pp. 13–16, 2024.
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H.-H. Schild, “Scorewert der SCHUFA als automatisierte Entscheidung nach Art. 22 DS-GVO, Anmerkung zu EuGH, Urteil vom 7.12.2023 – C-634/21”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, pp. 157–166, 2024.
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H.-H. Schild, “DS-GVO gilt auch für Untersuchungsausschüsse, Anmerkung zu EuGH, Urteil vom 16.1.2024 – C-33/22”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, pp. 269–273, 2024.
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H.-H. Schild, “Speicherdauer personenbezogener Daten in Wirtschaftsauskunfteien, Anmerkung zu EuGH, Urteil vom 7.12.2023 – C-26/22 und C-64/22”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, pp. 166–173, 2024.
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H.-H. Schild, “Die zuständige Datenschutzaufsichtsbehörde für die Justiz”, Datenschutz Nachrichten, pp. 16–20, 2024.
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H.-H. Schild, “Informationsanspruch der Personalvertretung nach IFG/Beteiligungsfähigkeit, Anmerkung zu OVG Berlin-Brandenburg, Beschluss v. 11.1.2024, 12 N 71/22”, ZfPR, pp. 36–38, 2024.
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H.-H. Schild and B. P. Paal, “Hat der EuGH den Schufascore für unzulässig erklärt? Eine Bewertung aus der Perspektive des vorlegenden Gerichts und der Wissenschaft”, Privacy in Germany, pp. 90–97, 2024.
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T. Wambsganss, A. Janson, M. Söllner, K. Koedinger, and J. M. Leimeister, “Improving Students’ Argumentation Skills Using Dynamic Machine-Learning–Based Modeling”, Information Systems Research (ISR), 2024, doi: 10.1287/isre.2021.0615.
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Argumentation is an omnipresent rudiment of daily communication and thinking. The ability to form convincing arguments is not only fundamental to persuading an audience of novel ideas but also plays a major role in strategic decision making, negotiation, and constructive, civil discourse. However, humans often struggle to develop argumentation skills, owing to a lack of individual and instant feedback in their learning process, because providing feedback on the individual argumentation skills of learners is time-consuming and not scalable if conducted manually by educators. Grounding our research in social cognitive theory, we investigate whether dynamic technology-mediated argumentation modeling improves students’ argumentation skills in the short and long term. To do so, we built a dynamic machine-learning (ML)–based modeling system. The system provides learners with dynamic writing feedback opportunities based on logical argumentation errors irrespective of instructor, time, and location. We conducted three empirical studies to test whether dynamic modeling improves persuasive writing performance more so than the benchmarks of scripted argumentation modeling (H1) and adaptive support (H2). Moreover, we assess whether, compared with adaptive support, dynamic argumentation modeling leads to better persuasive writing performance on both complex and simple tasks (H3). Finally, we investigate whether dynamic modeling on repeated argumentation tasks (over three months) leads to better learning in comparison with static modeling and no modeling (H4). Our results show that dynamic behavioral modeling significantly improves learners’ objective argumentation skills across domains, outperforming established methods like scripted modeling, adaptive support, and static modeling. The results further indicate that, compared with adaptive support, the effect of the dynamic modeling approach holds across complex (large effect) and simple tasks (medium effect) and supports learners with lower and higher expertise alike. This work provides important empirical findings related to the effects of dynamic modeling and social cognitive theory that inform the design of writing and skill support systems for education. This paper demonstrates that social cognitive theory and dynamic modeling based on ML generalize outside of math and science domains to argumentative writing.

2023[ to top ]

[1]
C. Anderson, “Toward Social Role-Based Interruptibility Management”, IEEE Pervasive Computing, vol. 22, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2023.
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D. Beinert, C. Holzhüter, J. Thomas, and S. Vogt, “Power flow forecasts at transmission grid nodes using Graph Neural Networks”, Energy and AI, vol. 14, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.egyai.2023.100262.
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The increasing share of renewable energy in the electricity grid and progressing changes in power consumption have led to fluctuating, and weather-dependent power flows. To ensure grid stability, grid operators rely on power forecasts which are crucial for grid calculations and planning. In this paper, a Multi-Task Learning approach is combined with a Graph Neural Network (GNN) to predict vertical power flows at transformers connecting high and extra-high voltage levels. The proposed method accounts for local differences in power flow characteristics by using an Embedding Multi-Task Learning approach. The use of a Bayesian embedding to capture the latent node characteristics allows to share the weights across all transformers in the subsequent node-invariant GNN while still allowing the individual behavioral patterns of the transformers to be distinguished. At the same time, dependencies between transformers are considered by the GNN architecture which can learn relationships between different transformers and thus take into account that power flows in an electricity network are not independent from each other. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through evaluation on two real-world data sets provided by two of four German Transmission System Operators, comprising large portions of the operated German transmission grid. The results show that the proposed Multi-Task Graph Neural Network is a suitable representation learner for electricity networks with a clear advantage provided by the preceding embedding layer. It is able to capture interconnections between correlated transformers and indeed improves the performance in power flow prediction compared to standard Neural Networks. A sign test shows that the proposed model reduces the test RMSE on both data sets compared to the benchmark models significantly.
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Y. Berkle, “Measuring university students’ ability to recognize argument structures and fallacies”, Frontiers in Psychology (Front. Psychol.), vol. 14, no. 1270931, Art. no. 1270931, 2023, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1270931.
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Theory: Argumentation is crucial for all academic disciplines. Nevertheless, a lack of argumentation skills among students is evident. Two core aspects of argumentation are the recognition of argument structures (e.g., backing up claims with premises, according to the Toulmin model) and the recognition of fallacies. As both aspects may be related to content knowledge, students studying different subjects might exhibit different argumentation skills depending on whether the content is drawn from their own or from a foreign subject. Therefore, we developed an instrument to measure the recognition of both argument structures and fallacies among the groups of preservice teachers and business economics students in both their respective domains (pedagogy and economics), and a neutral domain (sustainability). For the recognition of fallacies, we distinguished between congruent and incongruent fallacies. In congruent fallacies, the two aspects of argument quality, i.e., deductive validity and inductive strength, provide converging evidence against high argument quality. In incongruent fallacies, these two aspects diverge. Based on dual process theories, we expected to observe differences in the recognition of congruent and incongruent fallacies. Aims: We investigated whether these two abilities are domain-specific and whether the recognition of fallacies depends on the congruence of two aspects of argument quality. Methods: 267 preservice teachers and 56 business economics students participated in the study. For the recognition of argument structures, participants assigned the five statements constituting one argument to the corresponding component according to the Toulmin model. For the recognition of fallacies, we created arguments and incorporated a common fallacy into some of them: formal fallacy, overgeneralization, irrelevance, or circularity. Participants rated whether the argument was cogent or not, which was followed by a brief justification. Results: Domain specificity could not be found for either of both abilities. For the recognition of fallacies, two dimensions were found: a congruent dimension (formal fallacies and overgeneralizations) and an incongruent dimension (irrelevance and circularity). Discussion: The instrument measures the recognition of both argument structures and fallacies in these two groups across domains. The recognition of fallacies differs depending on whether the deductive validity and the inductive strength of the argument are equally indicative of argument quality or not.
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D. Botache, K. Dingel, R. Huhnstock, A. Ehresmann, and B. Sick, “Unraveling the Complexity of Splitting Sequential Data: Tackling Challenges in Video and Time Series Analysis”, arXiv e-prints, p. arXiv:2307.14294, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.14294
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Splitting of sequential data, such as videos and time series, is an essential step in various data analysis tasks, including object tracking and anomaly detection. However, splitting sequential data presents a variety of challenges that can impact the accuracy and reliability of subsequent analyses. This concept article examines the challenges associated with splitting sequential data, including data acquisition, data representation, split ratio selection, setting up quality criteria, and choosing suitable selection strategies. We explore these challenges through two real-world examples: motor test benches and particle tracking in liquids.
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J. Breyer and H.-H. Schild, “Auslage von Betriebsvereinbarungen mit vertraulichen Daten im Betrieb”, Der Betrieb, vol. 2023, pp. 2501–2503, 2023.
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K. B. Budde, “Divergent selection in a Mediterranean pine on local spatial scales”, Journal of Ecology, vol. n/a, no. n/a, Art. no. n/a, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14231.
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Abstract The effects of selection on an organism's genome are hard to detect on small spatial scales, as gene flow can swamp signatures of local adaptation. Therefore, most genome scans to detect signatures of environmental selection are performed on large spatial scales; however, divergent selection on the local scale (e.g. between contrasting soil conditions) has also been demonstrated, in particular for herbaceous plants. Here, we hypothesised that in topographically complex landscapes, microenvironment variability is strong enough to leave a selective footprint in the genomes of long-lived organisms. To test this, we investigated paired south- versus north-facing Pinus pinaster stands on the local scale, with trees growing in close vicinity (≤820 m distance between paired south- and north-facing stands), in a Mediterranean mountain area. While trees on north-facing slopes experience less radiation, trees on south-facing slopes suffer from especially harsh conditions, particularly during the dry summer season. Two outlier analyses consistently revealed five putatively adaptive loci (out of 4034), in candidate genes two of which encoded non-synonymous substitutions. Additionally, one locus showed consistent allele frequency differences in all three stand pairs indicating divergent selection despite high gene flow on the local scale. Permutation tests demonstrated that our findings were robust. Functional annotation of these candidate genes revealed biological functions related to abiotic stress response, such as water availability, in other plant species. Synthesis. Our study highlights how divergent selection in heterogeneous microenvironments shapes and maintains the functional genetic variation within populations of long-lived forest tree species, being the first to focus on adaptive genetic divergence between south- and north-facing slopes within continuous forest stands. This is especially relevant in the current context of climate change, as this variation is at the base of plant population responses to future climate.
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M. Büscher, “Abschreckungseffekte und Überwachungsgefühl im Datenschutzrecht. Auswirkungen auf betroffene Personen”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, vol. 2023, pp. 503–512, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://link.springer.com/epdf/10.1007/s11623-023-1807-8?sharing_token=ye3g57bmyc3nNFpN4GF8D_e4RwlQNchNByi7wbcMAY7CLuAY9IlLI_xFfMfu3NbnN-yIUJck6RwV2ONAfs2dRSOHCfcCKwXm_X5VIG_AMmtuO7y1i19cy3mnj7Oq7je7tXpdD8rhCINOCFYBu9GT7fVpMiGrDaBuOMMcucrwcUk%3D
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K. David, A. Al-Dulaimi, H. Haas, and R. Hu, “6G Fabric Compiles Microdomains for Sophisticated Service Delivery”, IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, pp. 16–18, Mar. 2023.
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R. Deinzer, “It is the habit not the handle that affects tooth brushing. Results of a randomised counterbalanced cross over study”, Research Square, 2023, doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3491691/v1.
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Objective: To assess the effect of the toothbrush handle on video-observed toothbrushing behaviour and toothbrushing effectiveness Methods: This is a randomized counterbalanced cross-over study. N = 50 university students brushed their teeth at two occasions, one week apart, using either a commercial ergonomically designed manual toothbrush (MT) or Brushalyze V1 (BV1), a manual toothbrush with a thick cylindrical handle without any specific ergonomic features. Brushing behaviour was video-analysed. Plaque was assessed at the second occasion immediately after brushing. Participants directly compared the two brushes regarding their handling and compared them to the brushed they used at home. Results: The study participants found the BV1 significantly more cumbersome than the M1 or their brush at home. (p < 0.05). However, correlation analyses revealed a strong consistency of brushing behavior with the two brushes (0.71 < r < 0.91). Means differed only slightly (all d < 0.36). These differences became statistically significant only for the brushing time at inner surfaces (d = 0.31 p = 0.03) and horizontal movements at inner surfaces (d = 0.35, p = 0.02). Plaque levels at the gingival margins did not differ while slightly more plaque persisted at the more coronal aspects of the crown after brushing with BV1 (d = 0.592; p 0.042) Discussion: The results of the study indicate that the brushing handle does not play a major role in brushing behavior or brushing effectiveness.
[1]
D. Dürrschnabel, T. Hanika, and G. Stumme, “Drawing Order Diagrams Through Two-Dimension Extension”, Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications, vol. 27, no. 9, Art. no. 9, 2023, doi: 10.7155/jgaa.00645.
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[1]
M. Eider, B. Sick, and A. Berl, “Context-aware recommendations for extended electric vehicle battery lifetime”, Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems (SUSCOM), vol. 37, p. 100845, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.suscom.2022.100845.
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Electric vehicles are a means of reducing CO2 emissions in transportation. However, the sustainability of electric vehicle batteries is affected by battery health degradation, which decreases their overall lifetime. This results in a substantial amount of depleted batteries due to replacements. Users have a major impact on battery health degradation through their actions while handling electric vehicles, such as the use of fast charging. To mitigate this problem, this article presents a methodology to generate user guidance for batteryfriendly actions in the upcoming use. Therefore, we first identify general recommendations from related work and combine them with the vehicle context in order to define context-aware recommendations in the form of if–then rules. These context-aware recommendations are then used to generate user advice. Second, the article covers how to predict the vehicle context in order to determine necessary recommendations. Third, a prescriptive recommendation system architecture is proposed, which takes vehicle context information, and produces user guidance. Finally, we test the proposed architecture using fuzzy logic as decision system. Overall, the architecture provides satisfactory user advice
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E. Elshan, P. A. Ebel, M. Söllner, and J. M. Leimeister, “Leveraging Low Code Development of Smart Personal Assistants: An Integrated Design Approach with the SPADE Method”, Journal of Management Information Systems (JMIS), vol. 40, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2023, [Online]. Available: http://pubs.wi-kassel.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/JML_927.pdf
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Smart personal assistants (SPAs) promise individualized user interactions owing to their varying interaction possibilities, knowledgeability, and human-like behaviors. To support the widespread adoption and use of SPAs, organizations such as Google or Amazon provide low code environments that support the development of SPAs (e.g., for Google Home or Amazon’s Alexa). These so-called low code platforms enable domain experts (e.g., business users without programming skills or experience) to develop SPAs for their purposes. However, using these platforms alone does not guarantee a useful and good conversation with novel SPAs due to non-intuitive design choices. Following a design science research approach, we propose the Smart Personal Assistant for Domain Experts (SPADE) method to address the missing link. This method supports domain experts in the development and contextualization of sophisticated SPAs for various application scenarios and focuses especially on conversational and anthropomorphic design steps. Our proof of concept and proof of value results show that SPADE is useful for supporting domain experts to create effective SPAs in different domains beyond private set-ups.
[1]
C. Engel, E. Elshan, P. Ebel, and J. M. Leimeister, “Stairway to heaven or highway to hell: A model for assessing cognitive automation use cases”, Journal of Information Technology (JIT), 2023, doi: 10.1177/02683962231185599.
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Cognitive automation (CA) moves beyond rule-based business process automation to target cognitive knowledge and service work. This allows the automation of tasks and processes, for which automation seemed unimaginable a decade ago. To organizations, these CA use cases offer vast opportunities to gain a significant competitive advantage. However, CA imposes novel challenges on organizations’ decisions regarding the automation potential of use cases, resulting in low adoption and high project failure rates. To counteract this, we draw on an action research study with a leading European manufacturing company to develop and test a model for assessing use cases’ amenability to CA. The proposed model comprises four dimensions: cognition, data, relationship, and transparency requirements. The model proposes that a use case is less (more) amenable to CA if these requirements are high (low). To account for the model’s industry-agnostic generalizability, we draw on an internal evaluation within the action research company and three additional external evaluations undertaken by independent project teams in three distinct industries. From a practice perspective, the model will help organizations make more informed decisions in selecting use cases for CA and planning their respective initiatives. From a research perspective, the identified determinants affecting use cases’ amenability to CA will enhance our understanding of CA in particular and artificial intelligence as the driving force behind CA in general.
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A. Engelhardt, “On the Reliability of Automated Analysis of Fracture Surfaces Using a Novel Computer Vision-Based Tool”, Advanced Engineering Materials, vol. 25, no. 21, Art. no. 21, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202300876.
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Fracture surface analysis is of utmost importance with respect to structural integrity of metallic materials. This especially holds true for additively manufactured materials. Despite an increasing trend of automatization of testing methods, the analysis and classification of fatigue fracture surface images is commonly done manually by experts. Although this leads to correct results in most cases, it has several disadvantages, e.g., the need of a huge knowledge base to interpret images correctly. In present work, an unsupervised tool for analysis of overview images of fatigue fracture surface images is developed to support nonexperienced users to identify the origin of the fracture. The tool is developed using fracture surface images of additively manufactured Ti6Al4V specimens fatigued in the high-cycle-fatigue regime and is based on the identification of river marks. Several recording parameters seem to have no significant influence on the results as long as preprocessing settings are adapted. Moreover, it is possible to analyze images of other materials with the tool as long as the fracture surfaces contain river marks. However, special features like multiple origins or origins located in direct vicinity to the surface, e.g., caused by increased plastic strains, require a further tool development or alternative approaches.
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J. Funk and L. Schmidt, “Vergleichende Evaluation von Explorationsarten in interaktiven 3D-360°-Anwendungen: Einsatz von explorativem Lernen zur Vorbereitung von Handwerkern auf Vor-Ort-Termine beim Kunden”, Medienpädagogik : Zeitschrift für Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung, no. 51, Art. no. 51, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.21240/mpaed/51/2023.01.22.X
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Die vorliegende Studie vergleicht drei Arten des explorativen Lernens mit interaktiven 3D-360°-Anwendungen. Als Szenarien für die Anwendung werden simulierte Vor-Ort-Ter-mine von Handwerkern beim Kunden verwendet. In den Handwerksszenarien «Maler», «Elektriker» und «Klempner» sollen handwerksübliche Arbeitsaufgaben zur Vorbereitung auf reale Vor-Ort-Termine mit verschiedenen Explorationsarten durchgeführt werden. In Art A werden Arbeitsabläufe von einer Fachperson im Video durchgeführt und vom Nutzer beobachtet. In Art B werden arbeitsaufgabenrelevante Stellen in der gezeigten Umgebung durch «!»-Symbole markiert. In Art C werden keine Markierungen eingesetzt, relevante Stellen müssen vom Nutzer entdeckt werden. Die Studie mit 30 Teilnehmern im Within-Subject-Design prüft unter anderem die Hypothesen, ob sich die Explorationsart auf die Gebrauchstauglichkeit (SUS), das Benutzungserlebnis (UEQ) und die eingenomme-ne Rolle der nutzenden Person (aktiv/passiv) auswirkt. Bei allen Explorationsarten liegt eine vergleichbar hohe Gebrauchstauglichkeit vor. Das Benutzungserlebnis ist sowohl in Art B als auch in Art C signifikant höher als in Art A. In Art C wird die eigene Nutzerrolle aktiver eingeschätzt als in Art A und B. Art B ist wiederum aktiver als Art A. Das bessere Benutzungserlebnis und die aktivere Rolle der nutzenden Person bei gleichbleibend ho-her Gebrauchstauglichkeit machen die Explorationsarten B (markierte Stellen) und C (un-markierte Umgebung) interessant für die Wissensvermittlung von praktischen Inhalten
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C. Geminn, “Australien: Neue Befugnisse der Datenschutzaufsicht”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 3, 01052, Art. no. 3, 01052, 2023.
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C. Geminn, “Indien: Der neue Digital Personal Data Protection Act”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 19, 01404, Art. no. 19, 01404, 2023.
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[1]
C. Geminn, P. C. Johannes, J. Müller, and M. Nebel, “Alternative Daten-Governance – Länderreporte für Deutschland, die USA, Kenia und Indien”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 5, 01102, Art. no. 5,01102, 2023.
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[1]
C. Geminn and T. T. H. Pham, “Das vietnamesische Datenschutzrecht – Neuerungen durch das Dekret Nr. 13/2023/ND-CP”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, no. 8, Art. no. 8, 2023.
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[1]
C. Geminn, T. Tatsumi, and M. Terada, “Digitalisierung der Verwaltung – Ein Blick auf Deutschland und Japan”, Die Öffentliche Verwaltung, vol. 76, no. 20, Art. no. 20, 2023.
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[1]
F. Heidecker, M. Bieshaar, and B. Sick, “Corner Cases in Machine Learning Processes”, AI Perspectives & Advances, vol. 6, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2023, doi: 10.1186/s42467-023-00015-y.
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Applications using machine learning (ML), such as highly autonomous driving, depend highly on the performance of the ML model. The data amount and quality used for model training and validation are crucial. If the model cannot detect and interpret a new, rare, or perhaps dangerous situation, often referred to as a corner case, we will likely blame the data for not being good enough or too small in number. However, the implemented ML model and its associated architecture also influence the behavior. Therefore, the occurrence of prediction errors resulting from the ML model itself is not surprising. This work addresses a corner case definition from an ML model's perspective to determine which aspects must be considered. To achieve this goal, we present an overview of properties for corner cases that are beneficial for the description, explanation, reproduction, or synthetic generation of corner cases. To define ML corner cases, we review different considerations in the literature and summarize them in a general description and mathematical formulation, whereby the expected relevance-weighted loss is the key to distinguishing corner cases from common data. Moreover, we show how to operationalize the corner case characteristics to determine the value of a corner case. To conclude, we present the extended taxonomy for ML corner cases by adding the input, model, and deployment levels, considering the influence of the corner case properties.
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F. Heidecker, A. El-Khateeb, and B. Sick, “Sampling-based Uncertainty Estimation for an Instance Segmentation Network”, arXiv e-prints, p. arXiv:2305.14977, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.14977
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The examination of uncertainty in the predictions of machine learning (ML) models is receiving increasing attention. One uncertainty modeling technique used for this purpose is Monte-Carlo (MC)-Dropout, where repeated predictions are generated for a single input. Therefore, clustering is required to describe the resulting uncertainty, but only through efficient clustering is it possible to describe the uncertainty from the model attached to each object. This article uses Bayesian Gaussian Mixture (BGM) to solve this problem. In addition, we investigate different values for the dropout rate and other techniques, such as focal loss and calibration, which we integrate into the Mask-RCNN model to obtain the most accurate uncertainty approximation of each instance and showcase it graphically.
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R. Heinrich, C. Scholz, S. Vogt, and M. Lehna, “Targeted Adversarial Attacks on Wind Power Forecasts”, Machine Learning, vol. 113, no. 2, Art. no. 2, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s10994-023-06396-9.
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In recent years, researchers proposed a variety of deep learning models for wind power forecasting. These models predict the wind power generation of wind farms or entire regions more accurately than traditional machine learning algorithms or physical models. However, latest research has shown that deep learning models can often be manipulated by adversarial attacks. Since wind power forecasts are essential for the stability of modern power systems, it is important to protect them from this threat. In this work, we investigate the vulnerability of two different forecasting models to targeted, semi-targeted, and untargeted adversarial attacks. We consider a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network for predicting the power generation of individual wind farms and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for forecasting the wind power generation throughout Germany. Moreover, we propose the Total Adversarial Robustness Score (TARS), an evaluation metric for quantifying the robustness of regression models to targeted and semi-targeted adversarial attacks. It assesses the impact of attacks on the model's performance, as well as the extent to which the attacker's goal was achieved, by assigning a score between 0 (very vulnerable) and 1 (very robust). In our experiments, the LSTM forecasting model was fairly robust and achieved a TARS value of over 0.78 for all adversarial attacks investigated. The CNN forecasting model only achieved TARS values below 0.10 when trained ordinarily, and was thus very vulnerable. Yet, its robustness could be significantly improved by adversarial training, which always resulted in a TARS above 0.46.
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J. T. Helmke and H. Link, “Das Verhältnis von Art. 6 Abs. 2 und 3 DSGVO”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, vol. 2023, pp. 708–714, 2023.
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[1]
J. T. Helmke, H. Link, and H.-H. Schild, “Zertifizierungskriterien für Verarbeitungstätigkeiten. Luxemburg prescht vor – Eine Analyse”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, vol. 2023, pp. 100–107, 2023.
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[1]
M. Herde, D. Huseljic, and B. Sick, “Multi-annotator Deep Learning: A Probabilistic Framework for Classification”, Transactions on Machine Learning Research, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://openreview.net/forum?id=MgdoxzImlK
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Solving complex classification tasks using deep neural networks typically requires large amounts of annotated data. However, corresponding class labels are noisy when provided by error-prone annotators, e.g., crowdworkers. Training standard deep neural networks leads to subpar performances in such multi-annotator supervised learning settings. We address this issue by presenting a probabilistic training framework named multi-annotator deep learning (MaDL). A downstream ground truth and an annotator performance model are jointly trained in an end-to-end learning approach. The ground truth model learns to predict instances' true class labels, while the annotator performance model infers probabilistic estimates of annotators' performances. A modular network architecture enables us to make varying assumptions regarding annotators' performances, e.g., an optional class or instance dependency. Further, we learn annotator embeddings to estimate annotators' densities within a latent space as proxies of their potentially correlated annotations. Together with a weighted loss function, we improve the learning from correlated annotation patterns. In a comprehensive evaluation, we examine three research questions about multi-annotator supervised learning. Our findings show MaDL's state-of-the-art performance and robustness against many correlated, spamming annotators.
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J. Hirth, V. Horn, G. Stumme, and T. Hanika, “Ordinal Motifs in Lattices”, Information Sciences, p. 120009, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2023.120009.
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Lattices are a commonly used structure for the representation and analysis of relational and ontological knowledge. In particular, the analysis of these requires a decomposition of a large and high-dimensional lattice into a set of understandably large parts. With the present work we propose /ordinal motifs/ as analytical units of meaning. We study these ordinal substructures (or standard scales) through (full) scale-measures of formal contexts from the field of formal concept analysis. We show that the underlying decision problems are NP-complete and provide results on how one can incrementally identify ordinal motifs to save computational effort. Accompanying our theoretical results, we demonstrate how ordinal motifs can be leveraged to retrieve basic meaning from a medium sized ordinal data set.
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G. Hornung, “Datenschutzkonforme Digitalisierung in Schulen. Die Zertifizierung schulischer Informationssysteme als Chance für den Beschäftigtendatenschutz”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutzrecht, vol. 2023, pp. 311–316, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://www.uni-kassel.de/fb07/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=5868&token=be91967bc3c64065b7bafe4c35a7c771e1682889
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[1]
A. Janson, “How to leverage anthropomorphism for chatbot service interfaces: The interplay of communication style and personification”, Computers in Human Behavior, no. December, Art. no. December, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107954.
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Although chatbots are oftentimes used in customer service encounters, interactions are oftentimes perceived as not satisfactory. One key aspect for designing chatbots is the use of anthropomorphic design elements. In this experimental study, we examine the two anthropomorphic chatbot design elements of personification, which includes a human-like appearance, and social orientation of communication style, which means a more sensitive and extensive communication. We tested the influence of the two design elements on social presence, satisfaction, trust and empathy towards a chatbot. First, the results show a significant influence of both anthropomorphic design elements on social presence. Second, our findings illustrate that social presence influences trusting beliefs, empathy, and satisfaction. Third, social presence acts as a mediator for both anthropomorphic design elements for satisfaction with a chatbot. Our implications provide a better understanding of anthropomorphic chatbot design elements when designing chatbots for short-term interactions, and we offer actionable implications for practice that enable more effective chatbot implementations.
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A. Janson, M. Schmidt-Kraepelin, S. Schöbel, and A. Sunyaev, “Special Issue Editorial: Adaptive and Intelligent Gamification Design”, AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction (THCI), vol. 15, no. 2, Art. no. 2, 2023, doi: 10.17705/1thci.00186.
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This editorial provides an overview of the three accepted papers for the AIS THCI special issue on adaptive and intelligent gamification designs. The first paper examines conversational agents and how one can use gamification to make the design more engaging. The second study focuses on mobile fitness apps and analyzes the role that personality plays in apps and game designs. Finally, the third paper examines gamification in a virtual laboratory environment. Aligned with current work, we present future research directions that involve generative AI, the metaverse, and a shift in gamification research and practice in the future.
[1]
P. C. Johannes and C. Geminn, “Anonymisierung von Patientendaten durch Fremdlabore für Dritte – Zur anonymisierenden Wirkung der Pseudonymisierung; datenschutzrechtliche Darstellung anhand eines Fallbeispiels”, Medizinrecht, no. 5, Art. no. 5, 2023.
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[1]
P. C. Johannes, C. Geminn, and M. Nebel, “Learning Analytics nach Satzung – Rechtssicherer Einsatz durch Hochschulen”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, pp. 715–720, 2023.
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[1]
S. Klee and A. Janson, “Investigating Relevant Data in Automotive Procurement Departments: External Shocks as Transparency Creator for Data Deficits in Decision-Making”, Information Systems Frontiers (Inf Syst Front), 2023, doi: 10.1007/s10796-023-10444-z.
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Uncertainty becomes the new normal for organizations worldwide. Many organizations are dependent on complex global supply chains. COVID-19, but also environmental disasters or the war in Ukraine, demonstrate the volatility of supply chains. Procurement departments are the central interface between internal and external stakeholders and must manage the supply chain stability what requires fast and accurate decision-making. External shocks and sudden disruptions of central supply chains illustrated that data analytics could not prevent disruptions, although sound research on competitive advantages and numerous investments should have enabled organizations to data-driven decision-making. Rather, it became transparent, that there are numerous data deficits in organizations. We did an interview-based study with 23 procurement and supply chain experts about relevant data sets and the status of its usability. We contribute to theory and practice by uncovering relevant aspects of data and provide theoretical propositions on how decision-making can be improved in automotive procurement departments.
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M. Kohpeiß, “Verpflichtung zur intelligenten Angriffserkennung?”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, vol. 2023, pp. 220–224, 2023.
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[1]
M. Kohpeiß and T. Schaller, “Systeme zur Angriffserkennung nach § 8a Abs. 1a BSIG”, Computer und Recht, vol. 2023, pp. 589–595, 2023.
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[1]
J. Lamla, “Kritische Kompetenzen für die post-digitale (Politik der) Lebensführung”, forum für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, vol. 13, no. 3+4, Art. no. 3+4, 2023.
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[1]
M. M. Li, P. Reinhard, S. Oeste-Reiss, C. Peters, and J. M. Leimeister, “A Value Co-Creation Perspective on Data Labeling in Hybrid Intelligence Systems: A Design Study”, Information Systems (IS), p. 102311, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.is.2023.102311.
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The adoption of innovative technologies confronts IT-Service-Management (ITSM) with an increasing volume and variety of requests. Artificial intelligence (AI) possesses the potential to augment customer service employees. However, the training data for AI systems are annotated by domain experts with little interest in labeling correctly due to their limited perceived value. Ultimately, insufficient labeled data leads to diminishing returns in AI performance. Following a design science research approach, we provide a novel human-in-the-loop (HIL) design for ITSM support ticket recommendations by incorporating a value co-creation perspective. The design incentivizes ITSM agents to provide labels during their everyday ticket-handling procedures. We develop a functional prototype based on 17,120 support tickets provided by a pilot partner as an instantiation and evaluate the design through accuracy metrics and user evaluations. Our evaluation revealed that recommendations after label improvement showed increased user ratings, and users are willing to contribute their domain knowledge. The improved labels can be utilized to continuously enhance the AI system as rewards showed increasing growth with decreasing marginal returns. Overall, our results emphasize agents' need for value-in-use by providing better results if they improve the labeling of support tickets pre-labeled by AI. Thus, we provide prescriptive knowledge of a novel HIL design that enables efficient and interactive labeling in the context of diverse applications of reinforcement learning systems.
[1]
L. Lorenz, “Neue „Digitale DNA“ der EU oder nur ein (weiterer) Schritt politischen Symbolcharakters? – Teil I”, E-Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsrecht und Digitalisierung (LRZ), vol. 2023, no. Rn., Art. no. Rn., 2023, [Online]. Available: https://lrz.legal/de/lrz/neue-digitale-dna-der-eu-oder-nur-ein-weiterer-schritt-politischen-symbolcharakters-teil-i
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L. Lorenz, “Die Berliner „Kirchensteuer-Rasterfahndung“ auf dem (gerichtlichen) Prüfstand”, Die Öffentliche Verwaltung, vol. 2023, pp. 55–66, 2023.
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L. Lorenz, “Die „ePA für alle“ zwischen Gesundheits- und Datenschutz (Teil 2) – Das für die elektronische Patientenakte angekündigte opt-out-Modell auf dem verfassungs- und EU-datenschutzrechtlichen Prüfstand”, Zeitschrift für Gesundheit und Pflege, vol. 2023, pp. 165–183, 2023.
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[1]
L. Lorenz, “Selbstständige Evangelisch-Lutherischen Kirche (SELK) unterfällt DS-GVO, Anmerkung zu VG Hannover, Urteil v. 30.11.2022 – 10 A 1195/21”, Neue Zeitschrift für Verwaltungsrecht, vol. 2023, pp. 1027–1032, 2023.
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[1]
L. Lorenz, “Neue „Digitale DNA“ der EU oder nur ein (weiterer) Schritt politischen Symbolcharakters? – Teil III”, E-Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsrecht und Digitalisierung (LRZ), vol. 2023, no. Rn., Art. no. Rn., 2023, [Online]. Available: https://lrz.legal/de/lrz/neue-digitale-dna-der-eu-oder-nur-ein-weiterer-schritt-po-litischen-symbolcharakters-teil-iii
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[1]
L. Lorenz, “Die „ePA für alle“ zwischen Gesundheits- und Datenschutz (Teil 1) – Das für die elektronische Patientenakte angekündigte opt-out-Modell auf dem verfassungs- und EU-datenschutzrechtlichen Prüfstand”, Zeitschrift für Gesundheit und Pflege, vol. 2023, pp. 132–154, 2023.
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[1]
L. Lorenz, “Koordinierungsrechtliche Betrachtung der Indexierung mitgliedstaatlicher Familienleistungen, speziell des deutschen Kindergeldes”, Neue Zeitschrift für Familienrecht, vol. 2023, pp. 97–109, 2023.
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[1]
L. Lorenz, “Neue „Digitale DNA“ der EU oder nur ein (weiterer) Schritt politischen Symbolcharakters? – Teil II”, E-Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsrecht und Digitalisierung (LRZ), vol. 2023, no. Rn., Art. no. Rn., 2023, [Online]. Available: https://lrz.legal/de/lrz/neue-digitale-dna-der-eu-oder-nur-ein-weiterer-schritt-politischen-symbolcharakters-teil-ii
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[1]
L. Lorenz, “Weiterleitung von Daten der Jugendhilfe eines unbegleiteten minderjährigen Flüchtlings im Rahmen des Asylverfahrens, Anmerkung zu VG München, Urt. v. 22.9.2022 – M 10 K 21.30727”, Neue Zeitschrift für Familienrecht, vol. 2023, p. 335, 2023.
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[1]
L. Lorenz and H.-H. Schild, “Datenübermittlung an GKV-Spitzenverband im Datentransparenzverfahren, Anmerkung zu SG Frankfurt am Main, Beschluss v. 01.06.2022 – S 25 KR 932/22 DS ER”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, vol. 2023, pp. 167–171, 2023.
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[1]
B. M. Magnussen, C. Stern, and B. Sick, “Continuous Feature Networks: A Novel Method to Process Irregularly and Inconsistently Sampled Data With Position-Dependent Features”, International Journal On Advances in Intelligent Systems, vol. 16, no. 3 & 4, Art. no. 3&4, 2023, [Online]. Available: http://www.thinkmind.org/index.php?view=article&articleid=intsys_v16_n34_2023_3
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Continuous Kernels have been a recent development in convolutional neural networks. Such kernels are used to process data sampled at different resolutions as well as irregularly and inconsistently sampled data. Convolutional neural networks have the property of translational invariance (e.g., features are detected regardless of their position in the measurement domain), which is unsuitable if the position of detected features is relevant for the prediction task. However, the capabilities of continuous kernels to process irregularly sampled data are still desired. This article introduces the continuous feature network, a novel method utilizing continuous kernels, for detecting global features at absolute positions in the data domain. Through a use case in processing multiple spatially resolved reflection spectroscopy data, which is sampled irregularly and inconsistently, we show that the proposed method is capable of processing such data directly without additional preprocessing or augmentation as is needed using comparable methods. In addition, we show that the proposed method is able to achieve a higher prediction accuracy than a comparable network on a dataset with position-dependent features. Furthermore, a higher robustness to missing data compared to a benchmark network using data interpolation is observed, which allows the network to adapt to sensors with a failure of individual light emitters or detectors without the need for retraining. The article shows how these capabilities stem from the continuous kernels used and how the number of available kernels to be trained affects the model. Finally, the article proposes a method to utilize the introduced method as a base for an interpretable model usable for explainable AI.
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D. Meier, “Reconstruction of incomplete X-ray diffraction pole figures of oligocrystalline materials using deep learning”, Scientific Reports, vol. 13, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2023, doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31580-1.
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X‑ray diffraction crystallography allows non‑destructive examination of crystal structures. Furthermore, it has low requirements regarding surface preparation, especially compared to electron backscatter diffraction. However, up to now, X‑ray diffraction has been highly time‑ consuming in standard laboratory conditions since intensities on multiple lattice planes have to be recorded by rotating and tilting. Furthermore, examining oligocrystalline materials is challenging due to the limited number of diffraction spots. Moreover, commonly used evaluation methods for crystallographic orientation analysis need multiple lattice planes for a reliable pole figure reconstruction. In this article, we propose a deep‑learning‑based method for oligocrystalline specimens, i.e., specimens with up to three grains of arbitrary crystal orientations. Our approach allows faster experimentation due to accurate reconstructions of pole figure regions, which we did not probe experimentally. In contrast to other methods, the pole figure is reconstructed based on only a single incomplete pole figure. To speed up the development of our proposed method and for usage in other machine learning algorithms, we introduce a GPU‑based simulation for data generation. Furthermore, we present a pole widths standardization technique using a custom deep learning architecture that makes algorithms more robust against influences from the experiment setup and material.
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J.-P. Muttach, M. Köppel, and G. Hornung, “Google Topics als Ausweg aus dem Cookie-Dilemma? Rechtliche Anforderungen an die technische Alternative zur individualisierten Werbung im Internet”, Computer und Recht, vol. 2023, pp. 644–655, 2023.
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[1]
J.-P. Muttach and H. Link, “Verarbeitung personenbezogener Daten in KI-Reallaboren nach dem KI-VO-E – Eine Herausforderung für den datenschutzrechtlichen Zweckbindungsgrundsatz”, Computer und Recht, vol. 2023, pp. 725–731, 2023.
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[1]
C. P. Nivarthi, S. Vogt, and B. Sick, “Multi-Task Representation Learning for Renewable-Power Forecasting: A Comparative Analysis of Unified Autoencoder Variants and Task-Embedding Dimensions”, Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction (MAKE), vol. 5, no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2023, doi: 10.3390/make5030062.
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Typically, renewable-power-generation forecasting using machine learning involves creating separate models for each photovoltaic or wind park, known as single-task learning models. However, transfer learning has gained popularity in recent years, as it allows for the transfer of knowledge from source parks to target parks. Nevertheless, determining the most similar source park(s) for transfer learning can be challenging, particularly when the target park has limited or no historical data samples. To address this issue, we propose a multi-task learning architecture that employs a Unified Autoencoder (UAE) to initially learn a common representation of input weather features among tasks and then utilizes a Task-Embedding layer in a Neural Network (TENN) to learn task-specific information. This proposed UAE-TENN architecture can be easily extended to new parks with or without historical data. We evaluate the performance of our proposed architecture and compare it to single-task learning models on six photovoltaic and wind farm datasets consisting of a total of 529 parks. Our results show that the UAE-TENN architecture significantly improves power-forecasting performance by 10 to 19% for photovoltaic parks and 5 to 15% for wind parks compared to baseline models. We also demonstrate that UAE-TENN improves forecast accuracy for a new park by 19% for photovoltaic parks, even in a zero-shot learning scenario where there is no historical data. Additionally, we propose variants of the Unified Autoencoder with convolutional and LSTM layers, compare their performance, and provide a comparison among architectures with different numbers of task-embedding dimensions. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of trained task embeddings for interpretation and visualization purposes.
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F. Ohde, B. Blättel-Mink, C. Draude, and I. Spiecker gen. Döhmann, “Geschlechtergerechtigkeit im Spannungsfeld von nachhaltiger und digitaler Transformation – eine interdisziplinäre Annäherung”, GENDER – Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, vol. 15, no. 2, Art. no. 2, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.3224/gender.v15i2.10.
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Die Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) der Vereinten Nationen streben anhand von SDG 5 danach, die Gleichheit der Geschlechter im globalen Kontext herzustellen. Wir zeigen, dass der aktuelle, global angelegte Nachhaltigkeitsdiskurs nicht nur blinde Flecken im Hinblick auf die konsequente Bekämpfung geschlechtsspezifischer Ungleichheiten aufweist, sondern auch einen wenig reflektierten Umgang mit der digitalen Transformation pflegt. Mögliche Ansätze zur Bewältigung des identifizierten Spannungsfeldes sehen wir in einer gendersensiblen IT-Gestaltung, einem digitalen Gleichstellungsgesetz und der konsequenten Bewertung von Folgen der globalen Nachhaltigkeitspolitik und -forschung im Hinblick auf Diskriminierung.
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S. Ohly and L. Bastin, “Effects of task interruptions caused by notifications from communication applications on strain and performance”, Journal of Occupational Health, vol. 65, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2023.
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T. Panahi, “Gesetz gegen digitale Gewalt – auf Kollisionskurs mit dem DSA? Rechtliche Stellungnahme und Änderungsvorschläge zum BMJ-Eckpunktepapier”, Multimedia und Recht, vol. 2023, pp. 556–562, 2023.
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M. T. Pham, “Active Label Refinement for Semantic Segmentation of Satellite Images”, arXiv e-prints, p. arXiv:2309.06159, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.06159
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Remote sensing through semantic segmentation of satellite images contributes to the understanding and utilisation of the earth's surface. For this purpose, semantic segmentation networks are typically trained on large sets of labelled satellite images. However, obtaining expert labels for these images is costly. Therefore, we propose to rely on a low-cost approach, e.g. crowdsourcing or pretrained networks, to label the images in the first step. Since these initial labels are partially erroneous, we use active learning strategies to cost-efficiently refine the labels in the second step. We evaluate the active learning strategies using satellite images of Bengaluru in India, labelled with land cover and land use labels. Our experimental results suggest that an active label refinement to improve the semantic segmentation network's performance is beneficial.
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K. Reinke, L. Niederkrome, and S. Ohly, “Boundary work tactics and their effects on information and communication technology use after hours and recovery: Taking action when boundaries are blurring.”, Journal of Personnel Psychology, 2023.
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C. Richter and C. Draude, “Erfahrungswissen in der Pflege – Chancen partizipativer Aktionsforschung und diskriminierungssensibler Technikentwicklung”, Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Organisationspsychologie (GIO), Apr. 2023, doi: 10.1007/s11612-023-00672-x.
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E. Ritz, R. Rietsche, and J. M. Leimeister, “How to Support Students’ Self-Regulated Learning in Times of Crisis: An Embedded Technology-Based Intervention in Blended Learning Pedagogies”, Academy of Management Learning & Education (AMLE), vol. 22, no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2023, doi: 10.5465/amle.2022.0188.
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With the increasing prevalence of technology-enhanced learning environments, self-regulated learning (SRL) has become a crucial skill for management students and graduates in the 21st century. Self-regulated learners can take control of their own learning process by setting learning objectives and selecting appropriate learning strategies. As a result of the recent COVID-19 crisis, universities were compelled to shift to online course delivery, which greatly reduced social interaction between educators and learners and challenged educators’ feedback practices. To address this issue, we developed and embedded a technology-based intervention with temporal-proximate and regular formative feedback assessments in a large-scale management course to promote graduate students’ SRL practices. We evaluated the intervention in a quasi-experiment, which found that students with the embedded SRL intervention had higher self-assessment and learning outcome scores and lower absolute self-assessment deviation. Our study makes at least three contributions. First, we shed light on students’ SRL strategies in times of emergency remote learning, highlighting their extensive need for social support and comparison. Second, we extend the literature on SRL and social-cognitive theory by unveiling a hidden effect when embedding temporal-proximate and regular interventions. Third, we contribute an empirically evaluated intervention to foster students’ SRL in blended learning and online pedagogies.
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D. Sandvoß and H.-H. Schild, “Neue Entwicklungen des Beschäftigtendatenschutzes im Lichte der Rechtsprechung des EUGH vom 30.3.2023”, Neue Juristische Online-Zeitschrift, vol. 2023, pp. 1056–1063, 2023.
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B. Schäfermeier, J. Hirth, and T. Hanika, “Research Topic Flows in Co-Authorship Networks”, Scientometrics, vol. 128, no. 9, Art. no. 9, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.1007/s11192-022-04529-w.
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In scientometrics, scientific collaboration is often analyzed by means of co-authorships. An aspect which is often overlooked and more difficult to quantify is the flow of expertise between authors from different research topics, which is an important part of scientific progress. With the Topic Flow Network (TFN) we propose a graph structure for the analysis of research topic flows between scientific authors and their respective research fields. Based on a multi-graph and a topic model, our proposed network structure accounts for intratopic as well as intertopic flows. Our method requires for the construction of a TFN solely a corpus of publications (i.e., author and abstract information). From this, research topics are discovered automatically through non-negative matrix factorization. The thereof derived TFN allows for the application of social network analysis techniques, such as common metrics and community detection. Most importantly, it allows for the analysis of intertopic flows on a large, macroscopic scale, i.e., between research topic, as well as on a microscopic scale, i.e., between certain sets of authors. We demonstrate the utility of TFNs by applying our method to two comprehensive corpora of altogether 20 Mio. publications spanning more than 60 years of research in the fields computer science and mathematics. Our results give evidence that TFNs are suitable, e.g., for the analysis of topical communities, the discovery of important authors in different fields, and, most notably, the analysis of intertopic flows, i.e., the transfer of topical expertise. Besides that, our method opens new directions for future research, such as the investigation of influence relationships between research fields.
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H.-H. Schild, “EuGH: Datenverarbeitung im Beschäftigungskontext, Anmerkung zu EuGH, Urteil v. 30.3.2023 – C-34/21”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, vol. 2023, pp. 376–382, 2023.
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H.-H. Schild, “Livestream-Unterricht an Schulen ohne Einwilligung der Lehrkräfte, Anmerkung zu EuGH, Urteil v. 30.3.2023 – C-34/21”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, vol. 2023, pp. 391–396, 2023.
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H.-H. Schild, “Unterlassungsanspruch nach der DS-GVO? – Zugleich Besprechung von OLG Frankfurt, Urt. v. 30.03.2023 – 16 U 22/22”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, vol. 2023, pp. 513–518, 2023.
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H.-H. Schild, “Durchsetzung der DSGVO bei grenzüberschreitenden Datenschutzbeschwerden. Anmerkung zu dem vorgelegten Verordnungsentwurf der EU-Kommission”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, vol. 2023, pp. 565–570, 2023.
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H.-H. Schild, “Der Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Novellierung des Hessischen Personalvertretungsrechts – eine Betrachtung einzelner Änderungsvorhaben”, Zeitschrift für Personalvertretungsrecht, vol. 2023, pp. 24–27, 2023.
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H.-H. Schild, “Der schwierige Weg zum Hinweisgeberschutz – eine nicht so leicht zu erfassende Regelungsmaterie”, Zeitschrift für Personalvertretungsrecht, vol. 2023, pp. 53–57, 2023.
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H.-H. Schild, “Stärkung des Rechts auf Auskunft von Empfängerdaten nach DSGVO, Anmerkung zu EuGH, Urt. v. 12.01.2023 – C-154/21”, Verbraucher und Recht, vol. 2023, pp. 188–193, 2023.
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H.-H. Schild, “Automatischer Abgleich von Fluggastdaten mit Fahndungsdatenbanken, Anmerkung zu VG Wiesbaden, Urteil v. 6.12.2022 – 6 K 805/19.WI”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, vol. 2023, pp. 240–244, 2023.
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A. Schmitt, N. Zierau, A. Janson, and J. M. Leimeister, “The Role of AI-Based Artifacts’ Voice Capabilities for Agency Attribution”, Journal of the Association for Information Systems (JAIS), vol. 24, no. 4, Art. no. 4, 2023, doi: 10.17705/1jais.00827.
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The pervasiveness and increasing sophistication of artificial intelligence (AI)-based artifacts within private, organizational, and social realms change how humans interact with machines. Theorizing about the way humans perceive AI-based artifacts is crucial to understanding why and to what extent humans deem these as competent for, i.e., decision-making, yet has traditionally taken a modality-agnostic view. In this paper, we theorize about a particular case of interaction, namely that of voice-based interaction with AI-based artifacts. The capabilities and perceived naturalness of such artifacts, fueled by continuous advances in natural language processing, induce users to deem an artifact as able to act autonomously in a goal-oriented manner. We argue that there is a positive direct relationship between the voice capabilities of an artifact and users’ agency attribution, ultimately obscuring the artifact’s true nature and competencies. This relationship is further moderated by an artifact’s actual agency, uncertainty, and user characteristics.
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S. Schöbel and J. M. Leimeister, “Metaverse Platform Ecosystems”, Electronic Markets (Electron Markets), vol. 33, no. 12, Art. no. 12, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s12525-023-00623-w.
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Traditionally, the metaverse has been defined as a virtual reality space in which users can interact with a computer-generated environment and other users. Nowadays, it is much more than that—the metaverse can be described as a variety of digital platforms and ecosystems, with each ecosystem as an independent universe with its own material, complementors, and functionalities. Creating metaverse ecosystems and integrated platforms results in different roles and responsibilities for complementors, consumers, platform owners, and orchestrators. The term metaverse platforms is further structured and clarified by four perspectives: innovation, production, transaction, and social interaction. Consequently, this fundamental paper defines it as: “A Metaverse is a massively scaled and interoperable meta-ecosystem of other digital ecosystems of real-time rendered 3D virtual worlds which can be experienced synchronously and persistently by an unlimited number of complementors and consumers with an increased user experience caused by a creativity-guided co-creation of goods managed by orchestrators and supported by platform owners.” Consequently, the metaverse offers vast opportunities for digital innovations beyond traditional social media or computer games and creates new infrastructures for add-on innovations in all areas of the digital economy.
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S. Schöbel, A. Schmitt, D. Benner, M. Saqr, A. Janson, and J. M. Leimeister, “Charting the Evolution and Future of Conversational Agents: A Research Agenda Along Five Waves and New Frontiers”, Information Systems Frontiers, vol. 26, pp. 729–754, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s10796-023-10375-9.
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Conversational agents (CAs) have come a long way from their first appearance in the 1960s to today's generative models. Continuous technological advancements such as statistical computing and large language models allow for an increasingly natural and effortless interaction, as well as domain-agnostic deployment opportunities. Ultimately, this evolution begs multiple questions: How have technical capabilities developed? How is the nature of work changed through humans' interaction with conversational agents? How has research framed dominant perceptions and depictions of such agents? And what is the path forward? To address these questions, we conducted a bibliometric study including over 5000 research articles on CAs. Based on a systematic analysis of keywords, topics, and author networks, we derive "five waves of CA research" that describe the past, present, and potential future of research on CAs. Our results highlight fundamental technical evolutions and theoretical paradigms in CA research. Therefore, we discuss the moderating role of big technologies, and novel technological advancements like OpenAI GPT or BLOOM NLU that mark the next frontier of CA research. We contribute to theory by laying out central research streams in CA research, and offer practical implications by highlighting the design and deployment opportunities of CAs.
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S. Schöbel and F. Tingelhoff, “Overcoming Challenges to Enable the Potential of Metaverse Platforms”, AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction (THCI), vol. 15, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2023, doi: 10.17705/1thci.00181.
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Metaverse is the buzzword of modern society. Practitioners and researchers have discussed metaverse platforms extensively, but the potential and meaning of the metaverse remain controversial. In this paper, we investigate and identify challenges that enable the potential of metaverse platforms. If these challenges are overcome, there will be value creation for practitioners, organizations, and society. We used a qualitative approach whereby we interviewed 34 metaverse experts to identify the challenges, potential, and value associated with the metaverse. Our results demonstrate that technical and societal challenges obstruct the ability to handle user-related and organizational challenges. If these challenges can be overcome, we can use the opportunities that our participants identified to create functional, social, and emotional value. Our work theoretically contributes to current knowledge on metaverse platforms by elaborating on handling metaverse platform ecosystems and determining instrumental challenges in their realization. With our qualitative approach, we provide room and directions for future research to develop a better understanding of the role and meaning of value creation in the metaverse. Our findings are useful to practitioners by presenting challenges organizations must overcome to create metaverse platforms or participate in a metaverse ecosystem. Furthermore, we present opportunities for vendors of metaverse platforms and organizations by identifying relevant processes that can be transferred into the metaverse.
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J. Schreiber and B. Sick, “Model selection, adaptation, and combination for transfer learning in wind and photovoltaic power forecasts”, Energy and AI, vol. 14, p. 100249, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.egyai.2023.100249.
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There is recent interest in using model hubs – a collection of pre-trained models – in computer vision tasks. To employ a model hub, we first select a source model and then adapt the model for the target to compensate for differences. There still needs to be more research on model selection and adaption for renewable power forecasts. In particular, none of the related work examines different model selection and adaptation strategies for neural network architectures. Also, none of the current studies investigates the influence of available training samples and considers seasonality in the evaluation. We close these gaps by conducting the first thorough experiment for model selection and adaptation for transfer learning in renewable power forecast, adopting recent developments from the field of computer vision on 667 wind and photovoltaic parks from six datasets. We simulate different amounts of training samples for each season to calculate informative forecast errors. We examine the marginal likelihood and forecast error for model selection for those amounts. Furthermore, we study four adaption strategies. As an extension of the current state of the art, we utilize a Bayesian linear regression for forecasting the response based on features extracted from a neural network. This approach outperforms the baseline with only seven days of training data and shows that fine-tuning is not beneficial with less than three months of data. We further show how combining multiple models through ensembles can significantly improve the model selection and adaptation approach such that we have a similar mean error with only 30 days of training data which is otherwise only possible with an entire year of training data. We achieve a mean error of 9.8 and 14 percent for the most realistic dataset for PV and wind with only seven days of training data.
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J. Smith, G. Klumbytė, and R. L. Britton, “From ‘if-then’ to ‘what if?’ Rethinking healthcare algorithmics with posthuman speculative ethics”, Nursing Philosophy, 2023, doi: 10.1111/nup.12447.
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This article discusses the role that algorithmic thinking and management play in health care and the kind of exclusions this might create. We argue that evidence-based medicine relies on research and data to create pathways for patient journeys. Coupled with data-based algorithmic prediction tools in health care, they establish what could be called health care algorithmics—a mode of management of healthcare that produces forms of algorithmic governmentality. Relying on a critical posthumanist perspective, we show how healthcare algorithmics is contingent on the way authority over bodies is produced and how predictive health care algorithms can reproduce inequalities of the worlds from which they are made, centreing possible futures on existing normativities regulated through algorithmic biopower. In contrast to that, we explore posthuman speculative ethics as a way to challenge understanding of ‘ethics’ and ‘care’ in healthcare algorithmics. We suggest some possible avenues towards working speculative ethics into health care while still being critically attentive to algorithmic modes of management and prediction in health care.
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J. B. Smith, “We all care, ALL the time”, Nursing Inquiry, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.1111/nin.12572.
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M. Stubbemann, T. Hanika, and F. M. Schneider, “Intrinsic Dimension for Large-Scale Geometric Learning”, Transactions on Machine Learning Research, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://openreview.net/forum?id=85BfDdYMBY
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G. Stumme, D. Dürrschnabel, and T. Hanika, “Towards Ordinal Data Science”, Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge, vol. 1, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2023, doi: 10.4230/TGDK.1.1.6.
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M. Thiel de Gafenco, T. Weinert, A. Janson, J. Klusmeyer, and J. M. Leimeister, “Shared digital artifacts – Co-creators as beneficiaries in microlearning development”, Education and Information Technologies (Educ Inf Technol), 2023, doi: 10.1007/s10639-023-12074-z.
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Continuing vocational training benefits from the employees’ ability to share individual experience and expertise with their co-workers, as these assets constitute competitive advantages for companies. IT-supported systems can facilitate processes of knowledge elicitation (e. g. as part of collaborative co-creation) to ensure retainment of preferred qualitative characteristics of the resulting knowledge artifacts and provide ample opportunities to manage and configure a growing number of such artifacts in a company’s repository. It remains unclear however, how such collaborative and digital co-creation processes can benefit the individual co-creators’ expertise development. To address this gap in research and practice, an IT-supported co-creation system for microlearnings is designed and evaluated with master craftsman trainees of an inter-company vocational training center. With the deployment of the co-creation system, knowledge elaboration was examined via a qualitative evaluation of concept maps. By applying categories of the maps’ semantic properties and comparing features of expert knowledge derived from expertise research and concept mapping literature, we evaluate the process’ function to support expert knowledge elaboration as a desirable learning outcome for co-creators of shared digital artifacts. Analysis of the concept maps shows an absence of theoretical reasoning and an emphasis on contextual factors with minute details of work processes, indicating more practical than expert knowledge formation when co-creating shared digital artifacts. To improve the IT system’s effective support for expert knowledge elicitation, adjustments to the structured procedure are discussed and future research directions and limitations of this study are addressed.
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J. Thomas, A. Moallemy-Oureh, S. Beddar-Wiesing, and C. Holzhüter, “Graph Neural Networks Designed for Different Graph Types: A Survey”, Transactions on Machine Learning Research, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://openreview.net/pdf?id=h4BYtZ79uy
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Graphs are ubiquitous in nature and can therefore serve as models for many practical but also theoretical problems. For this purpose, they can be defined as many different types which suitably reflect the individual contexts of the represented problem. To address cutting-edge problems based on graph data, the research field of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) has emerged. Despite the field’s youth and the speed at which new models are developed, many recent surveys have been published to keep track of them. Nevertheless, it has not yet been gathered which GNN can process what kind of graph types. In this survey, we give a detailed overview of already existing GNNs and, unlike previous surveys, categorize them according to their ability to handle different graph types and properties. We consider GNNs operating on static and dynamic graphs of different structural constitutions, with or without node or edge attributes. Moreover, we distinguish between GNN models for discrete-time or continuous-time dynamic graphs and group the models according to their architecture. We find that there are still graph types that are not or only rarely covered by existing GNN models. We point out where models are missing and give potential reasons for their absence.
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F. Tingelhoff and J. J. Marga, “Perspektiven auf das Metaverse: Der Zeitgeist des Internets der Zukunft”, Wirtschaftsinformatik & Management (Wirtsch Inform Manag), 2023, doi: 10.1365/s35764-023-00485-z.
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Seit Marc Zuckerberg im Oktober 2021 die Umbenennung seines Unternehmens Facebook in Meta bekannt gab, ist das Metaverse zum omnipräsenten Gesprächsthema avanciert. Allerdings scheint niemand mit Bestimmtheit sagen zu können, was es wirklich ist und wie es sich gestalten wird. Aber gerade dieses Verständnis ist die essenzielle Voraussetzung, um fundierte Entscheidungen bezüglich dieser neuen Technologie treffen zu können.

2022[ to top ]

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L. Athanasiadou, G. Klumbytė, and A. Rouvroy, “Re-Imagining a ’We’ Beyond the Gathering of Reductions. Propositions for the Three Ecologies”, FOOTPRINT, vol. 16, no. 1, Art. no. 1, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.7480/footprint.16.1.5933.
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In this article Lila Athanasiadou and Goda Klumbytė engage in a conversation with Antoinette Rouvroy to revisit Guattari’s "Three Ecologies" and discuss their dynamics in and for the digital age. While a lot of the discourses on algorithms and digital future invoke catastrophic imaginaries of totalizing control, this conversation works with a propositional format, teasing out affirmative politics by pointing to spaces of potentiality within the environmental, the social and the mental realm. Starting from the environmental ecology and thinking of data as a waste, Rouvroy discusses planetary exhaustion as the result of the depletion of natural resources, forced labour practices and the assumption that data hold the answers to the problems posed by global capital. Proposing a space for material experimentation, she speculates on the potential of emerging subjectivities that remain irreducible to data flows. Within social ecology, Rouvroy advocates for the urgency to center digital policy as the space in which the new forms of institutions emerge in order to reorient the power of computation towards the commons. Lastly, within the mental ecology, Rouvroy reconceptualizes the legal subject as a performance that operates within the proliferation of asignifying data signs, reimagining a “we” beyond the gathering of reductions.
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S. Beddar-Wiesing, “Weisfeiler-Lehman goes Dynamic: An Analysis of the Expressive Power of Graph Neural Networks for Attributed and Dynamic Graphs”, arXiv e-prints, p. arXiv:2210.03990, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.03990
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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a large class of relational models for graph processing. Recent theoretical studies on the expressive power of GNNs have focused on two issues. On the one hand, it has been proven that GNNs are as powerful as the Weisfeiler-Lehman test (1-WL) in their ability to distinguish graphs. Moreover, it has been shown that the equivalence enforced by 1-WL equals unfolding equivalence. On the other hand, GNNs turned out to be universal approximators on graphs modulo the constraints enforced by 1-WL/unfolding equivalence. However, these results only apply to Static Undirected Homogeneous Graphs with node attributes. In contrast, real-life applications often involve a variety of graph properties, such as, e.g., dynamics or node and edge attributes. In this paper, we conduct a theoretical analysis of the expressive power of GNNs for these two graph types that are particularly of interest. Dynamic graphs are widely used in modern applications, and its theoretical analysis requires new approaches. The attributed type acts as a standard form for all graph types since it has been shown that all graph types can be transformed without loss to Static Undirected Homogeneous Graphs with attributes on nodes and edges (SAUHG). The study considers generic GNN models and proposes appropriate 1-WL tests for those domains. Then, the results on the expressive power of GNNs are extended by proving that GNNs have the same capability as the 1-WL test in distinguishing dynamic and attributed graphs, the 1-WL equivalence equals unfolding equivalence and that GNNs are universal approximators modulo 1-WL/unfolding equivalence. Moreover, the proof of the approximation capability holds for SAUHGs, which include most of those used in practical applications, and it is constructive in nature allowing to deduce hints on the architecture of GNNs that can achieve the desired accuracy.
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D. Benner, S. Schöbel, A. Janson, and J. M. Leimeister, “How to Achieve Ethical Persuasive Design: A Review and Theoretical Propositions for Information Systems”, AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction (THCI), vol. 14, no. 4, Art. no. 4, 2022, doi: 10.17705/1thci.00179.
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Persuasive system design (PSD) is an umbrella term for designs in information systems (IS) that can influence people’s attitude, behavior, or decision making for better or for worse. On the one hand, PSD can improve users’ engagement and motivation to change their attitude, behavior, or decision making in a favorable way, which can help them achieve a desired outcome and, thus, improve their wellbeing. On the other hand, PSD misuse can lead to unethical and undesirable outcomes, such as disclosing unnecessary information or agreeing to terms that do not favor users, which, in turn, can negatively impact their wellbeing. These powerful persuasive designs can involve concepts such as gamification, gamblification, and digital nudging, which all have become prominent in recent years and have been implemented successfully across different sectors, such as education, e-health, e-governance, e-finance, and digital privacy contexts. However, such persuasive influence on individuals raises ethical questions as PSD can impair users’ autonomy or persuade them towards a third party’s goals and, hence, lead to unethical decision-making processes and outcomes. In human-computer interaction, recent advances in artificial intelligence have made this topic particularly significant. These novel technologies allow one to influence the decisions that users make, to gather data, and to profile and persuade users into unethical outcomes. These unethical outcomes can lead to psychological and emotional damage to users. To understand the role that ethics play in persuasive system design, we conducted an exhaustive systematic literature analysis and 20 interviews to overview ethical considerations for persuasive system design. Furthermore, we derive potential propositions for more ethical PSD and shed light on potential research gaps.
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M. S. Billert, T. Weinert, M. Thiel de Gafenco, A. Janson, J. Klusmeyer, and J. M. Leimeister, “Vocational Training with Microlearning - How Low-Immersive 360-Degree Learning Environments Support Work-Process-Integrated Learning”, IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, vol. 15, no. 5, Art. no. 5, 2022, doi: 10.1109/TLT.2022.3176777.
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In-company training is facing new challenges in preparing employees for the demands of digitalized and automated manufacturing. New training concepts like microlearning are necessary to support work-process-related learning. To handle the limitations of microlearning, we develop a 360-degree learning system to demonstrate a realistic work environment. Nonetheless, there is a lack of design knowledge supporting the motivation and performance of employees using the system. Based on a systematic literature review and semi-structured interviews, we have developed design requirements for interactive 360-degree learning environments. We used a workshop-based mixed-method approach with interviews, concept maps, and video analysis to evaluate the motivation and performance of precision mechanics within a prototypical work-process-oriented learning environment in an inter-company vocational training center. The results show a positive effect on learning outcomes and motivation. In addition, the ease of use and sense of presence while using the learning environment are rated as high. We contribute to theory by shedding new light on learners' motivation and performance within work-process-oriented interactive 360-degree learning environments. Furthermore, we offer guidelines for developing such interactive 360-degree learning environments.
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N. K. Dankwa, “Traversing the Insider’s Path toward Equitable Research Practices for Migrants”, Interactions, vol. 29, no. 2, Art. no. 2, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.1145/3512330.
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In this forum we explore different perspectives for how to apply intersectionality as a critical framework for design across multiple contexts. --- Yolanda A. Rankin and Jakita O. Thomas, Editors
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K. David, C. Dobbins, T. Okoshi, S. Ohly, and E. Peltonen, “EmotionAware 2022: Sixth International Workshop on Emotion Awareness for Pervasive Computing Beyond Traditional Approaches - Welcome and Committees”, 2022 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops and other Affiliated Events, PerCom Workshops 2022, p. i-ii, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1109/PerComWorkshops53856.2022.9767520.
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[1]
J. Decke, “Predicting flow stress behavior of an AA7075 alloy using machine learning methods”, Crystals, vol. 9, no. 12, Art. no. 12, 2022, doi: 10.3390/cryst12091281.
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This work focuses on the prediction of hot deformation behavior of thermo-mechanically processed precipitation hardenable aluminum alloy AA7075. Data available are focusing on a novel hot forming process at different tool temperatures ranging from 24°C to 350°C to set different cooling rates after solution-heat-treatment. Isothermal uniaxial tensile tests in the temperature range from 200°C to 400°C and at strain rates ranging from 0.001 s^-1 to 0.1 s^-1 were carried out on four different material conditions. The present paper mainly focuses on a comparative study of modeling techniques based on Machine Learning (ML) and the well-known Zerilli-Armstrong model (Z-A) as an empirically based reference. Work focused on predicting single data points of curves that the model was trained on. Due to the novel way data were split with respect to training and testing data, it becomes possible to predict entire stress-strain curves which leads to a reduction in the number of required laboratory experiments, finally saving costs and time in future experiments. While all investigated ML methods showed a higher performance than the Z-A model, the extreme Gradient Boosting model (XGB) showed the superior results, i.e., highest error reduction of 91% with respect to the Mean Squared Error.
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K. Dingel, “Artificial intelligence for online characterization of ultrashort X‑ray free‑electron laser pulses”, Scientific Reports, vol. 12, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2022, doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-21646-x.
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X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) as the world’s brightest light sources provide ultrashort X-ray pulses with a duration typically in the order of femtoseconds. Recently, they have approached and entered the attosecond regime, which holds new promises for single-molecule imaging and studying nonlinear and ultrafast phenomena such as localized electron dynamics. The technological evolution of XFELs toward well-controllable light sources for precise metrology of ultrafast processes has been, however, hampered by the diagnostic capabilities for characterizing X-ray pulses at the attosecond frontier. In this regard, the spectroscopic technique of photoelectron angular streaking has successfully proven how to non-destructively retrieve the exact time–energy structure of XFEL pulses on a single-shot basis. By using artificial intelligence techniques, in particular convolutional neural networks, we here show how this technique can be leveraged from its proof-of-principle stage toward routine diagnostics even at high-repetition-rate XFELs, thus enhancing and refining their scientific accessibility in all related disciplines.
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C. Draude, “Social Machines”, Informatik Spektrum, vol. 45, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00287-021-01421-4.
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Social Machines sind ein Paradigma für die Gestaltung soziotechnischer Systeme, die unter Verwendung von Web- und Plattformlösungen das Potenzial digitaler Technologien mit der Eigenlogik sozialer Interaktion, Organisation und Struk- turbildung auf neue Weise zusammenführen. Im Folgenden diskutieren wir das Paradigma der Social Machine aus den Perspektiven der Informatik, der Wirtschaftsinformatik, der Soziologie und des Rechts, um Orientierungspunkte für seine Gestaltung zu identifizieren. Der Begriff ist in der Literatur jedoch bisher nicht abschließend definiert sondern nur durch Beispiele illustriert. In diesem Artikel stellen wir zunächst die folgende Definition zur Diskussion: Social Machines sind soziotechnische Sys- teme, in denen die Prozesse sozialer Interaktion hybrid zwischen menschlichen und maschinellen Akteuren ablaufen und teilweise algorithmisiert sind. Im Anschluss beleuchten wir drei aktuelle, sich gegenseitig bedingende Entwicklungen von Social Machines: die immer stärkere Verschmelzung von Sozialität und Maschine, die Vermessung von Nutzeraktivitäten als Grundstoff gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalts und die zunehmende Algorithmisierung gesellschaftlicher Prozesse. Ab- schließend diskutieren wir, dass eine teilhabeorientierte, demokratischen Werten folgende Gestaltung von Social Machines die Perspektiven der Nutzungsakzeptanz, der gesellschaftlichen Akzeptabilität und der nachhaltigen Wirtschaftlichkeit adressieren und umsetzen muss.
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K. Eilers, C. Peters, and J. M. Leimeister, “Why the agile mindset matters”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 179, no. 121650, Art. no. 121650, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121650.
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Volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA) are drivers in today's business world. To perform amid this accelerated change and the digitalization progress, organizations are implementing agility. However, such an implementation does not happen without stumbling blocks and some fail. One reason for this is actors’ agile mindset (AM), which is necessary to deal succefully within a VUCA environment. Knowledge of the AM is in its infancy and conceptualization and measuring tools for it are lacking. Furthermore, the relation of the AM in terms of strategic agility and performance is still unclear. Our study aims to close these gaps. We examine AM through 15 interviews and a survey (N = 449) to predict strategic agility and performance. As a result, we conceptualize AM as an attitude that comprises four dimensions: attitude towards 1) learning spirit, 2) collaborative exchange, 3) empowered self-guidance, and 4) customer co-creation. Furthermore, we describe how actors with an AM deal with new technologies. We found that AM affects organizational performance mediated by strategic agility. These findings contribute to the agility and management research by providing a conceptualization and measuring instrument for AM. Furthermore, its relevance for strategic agility is explained and its relationship with organizational performance outlined.
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E. Elshan, N. Zierau, C. Engel, A. Janson, and J. M. Leimeister, “Understanding the Design Elements Affecting User Acceptance of Intelligent Agents: Past, Present and Future”, Information Systems Frontiers (Inf Syst Front), vol. 24, no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s10796-021-10230-9.
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Intelligent agents (IAs) are permeating both business and society. However, interacting with IAs poses challenges moving beyond technological limitations towards the human-computer interface. Thus, the knowledgebase related to interaction with IAs has grown exponentially but remains segregated and impedes the advancement of the field. Therefore, we conduct a systematic literature review to integrate empirical knowledge on user interaction with IAs. This is the first paper to examine 107 Information Systems and Human-Computer Interaction papers and identified 389 relationships between design elements and user acceptance of IAs. Along the independent and dependent variables of these relationships, we span a research space model encompassing empirical research on designing for IA user acceptance. Further we contribute to theory, by presenting a research agenda along the dimensions of the research space, which shall be useful to both researchers and practitioners. This complements the past and present knowledge on designing for IA user acceptance with potential pathways into the future of IAs.
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C. Engel, P. Ebel, and J. M. Leimeister, “Cognitive automation”, Electronic Markets, vol. 32, no. 1, Art. no. 1, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s12525-021-00519-7.
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Facilitated by AI technology, the phenomenon of cognitive automation extends the scope of deterministic business process automation (BPA) through the probabilistic automation of knowledge and service work. By transforming work systems through cognitive automation, organizations are provided with vast strategic opportunities to gain business value. However, research lacks a unified conceptual lens on cognitive automation, which hinders scientific progress. Thus, based on a Systematic Literature Review, we describe the fundamentals of cognitive automation and provide an integrated conceptualization. We provide an overview of the major BPA approaches such as workflow management, robotic process automation, and Machine Learning-facilitated BPA while emphasizing their complementary relationships. Furthermore, we show how the phenomenon of cognitive automation can be instantiated by Machine Learning-facilitated BPA systems that operate along the spectrum of lightweight and heavyweight IT implementations in larger IS ecosystems. Based on this, we describe the relevance and opportunities of cognitive automation in Information Systems research.
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A. Englhardt, H. Trittenbach, D. Kottke, B. Sick, and K. Böhm, “Efficient SVDD sampling with approximation guarantees for the decision boundary”, Machine Learning, vol. 111, no. 4, Art. no. 4, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s10994-022-06149-0.
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Support Vector Data Description (SVDD) is a popular one-class classifier for anomaly and novelty detection. But despite its effectiveness, SVDD does not scale well with data size. To avoid prohibitive training times, sampling methods select small subsets of the training data on which SVDD trains a decision boundary hopefully equivalent to the one obtained on the full data set. According to the literature, a good sample should therefore contain so-called boundary observations that SVDD would select as support vectors on the full data set. However, non-boundary observations also are essential to not fragment contiguous inlier regions and avoid poor classification accuracy. Other aspects, such as selecting a sufficiently representative sample, are important as well. But existing sampling methods largely overlook them, resulting in poor classification accuracy. In this article, we study how to select a sample considering these points. Our approach is to frame SVDD sampling as an optimization problem, where constraints guarantee that sampling indeed approximates the original decision boundary. We then propose RAPID, an efficient algorithm to solve this optimization problem. RAPID does not require any tuning of parameters, is easy to implement and scales well to large data sets. We evaluate our approach on real-world and synthetic data. Our evaluation is the most comprehensive one for SVDD sampling so far. Our results show that RAPID outperforms its competitors in classification accuracy, in sample size, and in runtime.
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A. K. Faulhaber, “Development of a Passenger Assistance System to Increase the Attractiveness of Local Public Transport”, Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 7, Art. no. 7, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074151
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In this paper, we present a concept for an assistance system for public transport passengers currently being developed for Kassel, Germany, and its surrounding area. The assistance system aims at increasing the attractiveness of local public transport by reducing barriers to use, thus promoting sustainable travel behavior. Three main barriers were identified: crowded vehicles, missed connections, and inconveniences in the transportation of shopping bags and luggage. To tackle these issues, three assistance system services were conceptualized: the occupancy rate informing passengers about the occupancy level of vehicles, the transfer connection monitor and secure system giving passengers the option to communicate transfer connection requests, and the delivery service allowing the use of public transport while shopping without the need to transport purchased goods. The three services are presented in detail along with the user interfaces they will be integrated into. Moreover, for the further implementation of the assistance system, a user requirement analysis is outlined. We finally give an overview and outlook regarding the implementation and evaluation of the concept in laboratory studies and a one-year field study.
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A. K. Faulhaber, M. Hoppe, and L. Schmidt, “Evaluation of Priority-Dependent Notifications for Smart Glasses Based on Peripheral Visual Cues”, i-com - Zeitschrift für interaktive und kooperative Medien, vol. 21, no. 2, Art. no. 2, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1515/icom-2022-0022
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Smart glasses are increasingly commercialized and may replace or at least complement smartphones someday. Common smartphone features, such as notifications, should then also be available for smart glasses. However, notifications are of disruptive character given that even unimportant notifications frequently interrupt users performing a primary task. This often leads to distractions and performance degradation. Thus, we propose a concept for displaying notifications in the peripheral field of view of smart glasses and with different visualizations depending on the priority of the notification. We developed three icon-based notifications representing increasing priority: a transparent green icon continuously becoming more opaque (low priority), a yellow icon moving up and down (medium priority), and a red and yellow flashing icon (high priority). To evaluate the concept, we conducted a study with 24 participants who performed a primary task and should react to notifications at the same time using the Nreal Light smart glasses. The results showed that reaction times for the low-priority notification were significantly higher and it was ranked as the least distracting. The medium- and high-priority notifications did not show a clear difference in noticeability, distraction, or workload. We discuss implications of our results for the perception and visualization of notifications in the peripheral field of view of smart glasses and, more generally, for augmented reality applications.
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C. Geminn, “USA: Connecticut – Act Concerning Personal Data Privacy and Online Monitoring”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 01191, Oct. 2022.
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C. Geminn, “Zahlungsdaten im europäischen Datenwirtschaftsrecht”, Recht der Zahlungsdienste, pp. 148–155, Mar. 2022.
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C. Geminn, “Selbstbestimmung, Künstliche Intelligenz und Demokratie”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, pp. 327–328, 2022.
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C. Geminn, “Zur Institutionalisierung einer Überwachungsgesamtrechnung”, Die Öffentliche Verwaltung, vol. 75, no. 19, Art. no. 19, 2022.
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V. Gochmann, S. Ohly, and S. Kotte, “Diary Studies, a Double‐Edged Sword? An Experimental Exploration of Possible Distortions Due to Daily Reporting of Social Interactions”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2022.
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T. Guo, Z. Huang, and J. Cheng, “LwTool: A data processing toolkit for building a real-time pressure mapping smart textile software system”, Pervasive and Mobile Computing, vol. 80, p. 101540, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.sysarc.2021.102387.
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Pressure mapping smart textile is a new type of sensing modality that transforms the pressure distribution over surfaces into digital ”image” and ”video”, that has rich application scenarios in Human Activity Recognition (HAR), because all human activities are linked with force change over certain surfaces. To speed up its application exploration, we propose a toolkit named LwTool for the data processing, including: (a) a feature library, including 1830 ready-to-use temporal and spatial features, (b) a hierarchical feature selection framework that automatically picks out the best features for a new application from the feature library. As real-time processing capability is important for instant user feedback, we emphasize not only on good recognition result but also on reducing time cost when selecting features. Our library and algorithms are validated on Smart-Toy and Smart-Bedsheet applications, an 89.7% accuracy for Smart-Toy and an 83.8% accuracy for Smart-Bedsheet can be achieved (10-fold cross-validation) using our feature library. Adopting the feature selection algorithm, the processing speed is increased by more than 3 times while maintaining high accuracy for both two applications. We believe our method could be a general and powerful toolkit in building real-time recognition software systems for pressure mapping smart textile.
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T. Hanika and J. Hirth, “Knowledge cores in large formal contexts”, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence, vol. 90, no. 6, Art. no. 6, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s10472-022-09790-6.
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Knowledge computation tasks, such as computing a base of valid implications, are often infeasible for large data sets. This is in particular true when deriving canonical bases in formal concept analysis (FCA). Therefore, it is necessary to find techniques that on the one hand reduce the data set size, but on the other hand preserve enough structure to extract useful knowledge. Many successful methods are based on random processes to reduce the size of the investigated data set. This, however, makes them hardly interpretable with respect to the discovered knowledge. Other approaches restrict themselves to highly supported subsets and omit rare and (maybe) interesting patterns. An essentially different approach is used in network science, called k-cores. These cores are able to reflect rare patterns, as long as they are well connected within the data set. In this work, we study k-cores in the realm of FCA by exploiting the natural correspondence of bi-partite graphs and formal contexts. This structurally motivated approach leads to a comprehensible extraction of knowledge cores from large formal contexts.
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T. Hanika, F. M. Schneider, and G. Stumme, “Intrinsic dimension of geometric data sets”, Tohoku Mathematical Journal, vol. 74, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2022, doi: 10.2748/tmj.20201015a.
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The curse of dimensionality is a phenomenon frequently observed in machine learning (ML) and knowledge discovery (KD). There is a large body of literature investigating its origin and impact, using methods from mathematics as well as from computer science. Among the mathematical insights into data dimensionality, there is an intimate link between the dimension curse and the phenomenon of measure concentration, which makes the former accessible to methods of geometric analysis. The present work provides a comprehensive study of the intrinsic geometry of a data set, based on Gromov's metric measure geometry and Pestov's axiomatic approach to intrinsic dimension. In detail, we define a concept of geometric data set and introduce a metric as well as a partial order on the set of isomorphism classes of such data sets. Based on these objects, we propose and investigate an axiomatic approach to the intrinsic dimension of geometric data sets and establish a concrete dimension function with the desired properties. Our model for data sets and their intrinsic dimension is computationally feasible and, moreover, adaptable to specific ML/KD-algorithms, as illustrated by various experiments.
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C. Heissler, M. Kern, and S. Ohly, “When thinking about work makes employees reach for their devices: A longitudinal autoregressive diary study”, Journal of Business and Psychology, 2022.
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M. Herde, Z. Huang, D. Huseljic, D. Kottke, S. Vogt, and B. Sick, “Fast Bayesian Updates for Deep Learning with a Use Case in Active Learning”, arXiv e-prints, p. arXiv:2210.06112, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.06112
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Retraining deep neural networks when new data arrives is typically computationally expensive. Moreover, certain applications do not allow such costly retraining due to time or computational constraints. Fast Bayesian updates are a possible solution to this issue. Therefore, we propose a Bayesian update based on Monte-Carlo samples and a last-layer Laplace approximation for different Bayesian neural network types, i.e., Dropout, Ensemble, and Spectral Normalized Neural Gaussian Process (SNGP). In a large-scale evaluation study, we show that our updates combined with SNGP represent a fast and competitive alternative to costly retraining. As a use case, we combine the Bayesian updates for SNGP with different sequential query strategies to exemplarily demonstrate their improved selection performance in active learning.
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G. Hornung, “Künstliche Intelligenz zur Auswertung von Social Media Massendaten. Möglichkeiten und rechtliche Grenzen des Einsatzes KI-basierter Analysetools durch Sicherheitsbehörden”, Archiv des öffentlichen Rechts, no. 147, Art. no. 147, 2022.
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G. Hornung, M. Söllner, J.-P. Stroscher, and E.-M. Zahn, “Kollaboration im Datenschutz. Collaboration Engineering als Instrument zur partizipativen und nachhaltigen Gestaltung von Datenschutzprozessen”, DuD, pp. 384–389, 2022.
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G. Hornung, “KI-Regulierung im Mehrebenensystem. Der KI-Verordnungsentwurf und regulatorische Perspektiven der Mitgliedstaaten”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, pp. 561–566, 2022.
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G. Hornung and S. Schomberg, “Datensouveränität im Spannungsfeld zwischen Datenschutz und Datennutzung: das Beispiel des Data Governance Acts”, Computer und Recht, pp. 508–516, 2022.
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R. Huhnstock, “Three-dimensional close-to-substrate trajectories of magnetic microparticles in dynamically changing magnetic field landscapes”, Scientific Reports, vol. 12, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2022, doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-25391-z.
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The transport of magnetic particles (MPs) by dynamic magnetic field landscapes (MFLs) using magnetically patterned substrates is promising for the development of Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems. The inherent close-to-substrate MP motion is sensitive to changing particle–substrate interactions. Thus, the detection of a modified particle–substrate separation distance caused by surface binding of an analyte is expected to be a promising probe in analytics and diagnostics. Here, we present an essential prerequisite for such an application, namely the label-free quantitative experimental determination of the three-dimensional trajectories of superparamagnetic particles (SPPs) transported by a dynamically changing MFL. The evaluation of defocused SPP images from optical bright-field microscopy revealed a “hopping”-like motion of the magnetic particles, previously predicted by theory, additionally allowing a quantification of maximum jump heights. As our findings pave the way towards precise determination of particle–substrate separations, they bear deep implications for future LOC detection schemes using only optical microscopy.
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D. Huseljic, M. Herde, M. Muejde, and B. Sick, “A Review of Uncertainty Calibration in Pretrained Object Detectors”, arXiv e-prints, p. arXiv:2210.02935, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.02935
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In the field of deep learning based computer vision, the development of deep object detection has led to unique paradigms (e.g., two-stage or set-based) and architectures (e.g., Faster-RCNN or DETR) which enable outstanding performance on challenging benchmark datasets. Despite this, the trained object detectors typically do not reliably assess uncertainty regarding their own knowledge, and the quality of their probabilistic predictions is usually poor. As these are often used to make subsequent decisions, such inaccurate probabilistic predictions must be avoided. In this work, we investigate the uncertainty calibration properties of different pretrained object detection architectures in a multi-class setting. We propose a framework to ensure a fair, unbiased, and repeatable evaluation and conduct detailed analyses assessing the calibration under distributional changes (e.g., distributional shift and application to out-of-distribution data). Furthermore, by investigating the influence of different detector paradigms, post-processing steps, and suitable choices of metrics, we deliver novel insights into why poor detector calibration emerges. Based on these insights, we are able to improve the calibration of a detector by simply finetuning its last layer.
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P. C. Johannes, “TTDSG – ein Überblick mit Keksbeilage”, LRZ, 2022, [Online]. Available: /brokenurl#www.lrz.legal/2022Rn757
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P. C. Johannes, “Europäisches Datenrecht – ein Spickzettel”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 01166, 2022.
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P. C. Johannes, “Marktübersicht zu Schulungen Datenschutzbeauftragter”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 01115, 2022.
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P. C. Johannes, “Datenschutz und Datensicherheit in China Überblick zu PIPL und DSL”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, pp. 90–98, Feb. 2022.
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G. Klumbytė, “Almanac: Algorithmic Kinning”, Matter: Journal of New Materialist Research, vol. 3, no. 1, Art. no. 1, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.1344/jnmr.v3i1.38962.
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[1]
G. Klumbytė and C. Draude, “Prospects for a New Materialist Informatics: Introduction to a Special Issue”, Matter: Journal of New Materialist Research, vol. 3, no. 1, Art. no. 1, Feb. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1344/jnmr.v3i1.38955.
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[1]
V. Kress, F. Jeske, S. Zernetsch, K. Doll, and B. Sick, “Pose and Semantic Map Based Probabilistic Forecast of Vulnerable Road Users Trajectories”, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, vol. 8, no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2022, doi: 10.1109/TIV.2022.3149624.
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In this article, an approach for probabilistic trajectory forecasting of vulnerable road users (VRUs) is presented, taking into consideration past movements and the surrounding environment. Past movements are represented by 3D poses reflecting the posture and movements of individual body parts. The surrounding environment is modeled in the form of semantic maps showing, e.g., the course of streets, sidewalks, and the occurrence of obstacles. Forecasts are generated in grids discretizing the space and in the form of arbitrary discrete probability distributions. The distributions are evaluated for their reliability, sharpness, and positional accuracy. We compare our method with two approaches providing forecasts in the form of continuous probability distributions, and we discuss their respective advantages and disadvantages. We thereby investigate the impact of poses and semantic maps. Using a technique we refer to as spatial label smoothing, our approach is able to achieve reliable forecasts. Overall, the 3D poses have a positive impact on the forecasts. The semantic maps facilitate the adaptation of the probability distributions to the individual situation and prevent forecasts of trajectories leading through obstacles. Our method is evaluated on a dataset recorded in inner-city traffic using a research vehicle. The dataset has been made publicly available.
[1]
L. Löber, “Der Forschungsdatenzugang nach dem neuen Art. 40 Digital Services Act”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 01420, 2022.
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[1]
L. Löber, “Auf dem Weg zu einem Beschäftigtendatenschutzgesetz für das digitale Zeitalter?”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 01120, 2022.
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[1]
I. Loeser, M. Braun, C. Gruhl, J.-H. Menke, B. Sick, and S. Tomforde, “The Vision of Self-Management in Cognitive Organic Power Distribution Systems”, Energies, vol. 15, no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15030881.
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Due to the ongoing trend towards a decarbonisation of energy use, the power system is expected to become the backbone of all energy sectors and thus the fundamental critical infrastructure. High penetration with distributed energy resources demands the coordination of a large number of prosumers, partly controlled by home energy management systems (HEMS), to be designed in such a way that the power system’s operational limits are not violated. On the grid level, distribution management systems (DMS) seek to keep the power system in the normal operational state. On the prosumer level, distributed HEMS optimise the internal power flows by setpoint specification of batteries, photovoltaic generators, or flexible loads. The vision of the ODiS (Organic Distribution System) initiative is to develop an architecture to operate a distribution grid reliably, with high resiliency, and fully autonomously by developing “organic” HEMS and DMS which possess multiple self-x capabilities, collectively referred to as self-management. Thus, ODiS seeks answers to the following question: How can we create the most appropriate models, techniques, and algorithms to develop novel kinds of self-configuring, self-organising, self-healing, and self-optimising DMS that are integrally coupled with the distributed HEMS? In this concept paper, the vision of ODiS is presented in detail based on a thorough review of the state of the art.
[1]
L. Lorenz, “Welcome back, QR-Code! – Teil II”, Zeitschrift zum Innovations- und Technikrecht 2022, pp. 16–22, 2022.
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[1]
L. Lorenz, “Anspruch auf Haushaltshilfe – Trägerschaft und Beschaffungsweg als (rechtliche) Fallstricke, Anmerkung zu LSG Hessen, Urteil vom 22. Juni 2021 – L 2 R 360/18”, reha-recht.de, no. 7-2022, Art. no. Beitrag A7-2022, Sep. 2022, [Online]. Available: https://www.reha-recht.de/fileadmin/user_upload/RehaRecht/Diskussionsforen/Forum_A/2022/A7-2022_LSG_Hessen_Haushaltshilfe.pdf
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[1]
L. Lorenz, “Umfang der Auskunftspflicht des Betreibers einer Social Media-Plattform nach § 21 II 2 TTDSG gegenüber einer minderjährigen Nutzerin, Anmerkung zu OLG Schleswig, Beschl. v. 23.3.2022 – 9 Wx 23/21”, Neue Zeitschrift für Familienrecht 2022, no. 524, Art. no. 524, 2022.
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[1]
L. Lorenz, “Zur Rechtskonformität des Erfordernisses eines Lichtbildes für die eGK unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Rechts auf informationelle Selbstbestimmung sowie der Vorgaben der DSGVO – Teil II”, Zeitschrift für Medizinrecht, vol. 2022, pp. 1000–1005, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00350-022-6356-x.pdf?pdf=button
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[1]
D. Meier, L. V. Ramirez, J. Völker, J. Viefhaus, B. Sick, and G. Hartmann, “Optimizing a superconducting radio-frequency gun using deep reinforcement learning”, Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, vol. 25, no. 10, Art. no. 10, 2022, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.25.104604.
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Superconducting photoelectron injectors are promising for generating highly brilliant pulsed electron beams with high repetition rates and low emittances. Experiments such as ultrafast electron diffraction, experiments at the Terahertz scale, and energy recovery linac applications require such properties. However, optimizing the beam properties is challenging due to the high number of possible machine parameter combinations. This article shows the successful automated optimization of beam properties utilizing an already existing simulation model. To reduce the required computation time, we replace the costly simulation with a faster approximation with a neural network. For optimization, we propose a reinforcement learning approach leveraging the simple computation of the derivative of the approximation. We prove that our approach outperforms standard optimization methods for the required function evaluations given a defined minimum accuracy.
[1]
A. Moallemy-Oureh, S. Beddar-Wiesing, R. Nather, and J. M. Thomas, “FDGNN: Fully Dynamic Graph Neural Network”, arXiv e-prints, p. arXiv:2206.03469, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.03469
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Dynamic Graph Neural Networks recently became more and more important as graphs from many scientific fields, ranging from mathematics, biology, social sciences, and physics to computer science, are dynamic by nature. While temporal changes (dynamics) play an essential role in many real-world applications, most of the models in the literature on Graph Neural Networks (GNN) process static graphs. The few GNN models on dynamic graphs only consider exceptional cases of dynamics, e.g., node attribute-dynamic graphs or structure-dynamic graphs limited to additions or changes to the graph's edges, etc. Therefore, we present a novel Fully Dynamic Graph Neural Network (FDGNN) that can handle fully-dynamic graphs in continuous time. The proposed method provides a node and an edge embedding that includes their activity to address added and deleted nodes or edges, and possible attributes. Furthermore, the embeddings specify Temporal Point Processes for each event to encode the distributions of the structure- and attribute-related incoming graph events. In addition, our model can be updated efficiently by considering single events for local retraining.
[1]
M. Morold, M. Bachmann, and K. David, “Towards Context Awareness for Cooperative VRU Collision Avoidance”, IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, vol. 17, no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2022.
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[1]
M. Morold, M. Bachmann, and K. David, “Toward Context Awareness for Cooperative Vulnerable Road User Collision Avoidance: Incorporating Related Contextual Information”, IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, vol. 17, no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=9787407
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[1]
H. Mucha, “Collaborative Speculations on Future Themes for Participatory Design in Germany”, i-com, vol. 21, no. 2, Art. no. 2, 2022, doi: 10.1515/icom-2021-0030.
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Participatory Design means recognizing that those who will be affected by a future technology should have an active say in its creation. Yet, despite continuous interest in involving people as future users and consumers into designing novel and innovative future technology, participatory approaches in technology design remain relatively underdeveloped in the German HCI community. This article brings together the diversity of voices, domains, perspectives, approaches, and methods that collectively shape Participatory Design in Germany. In the following, we (1) outline our understanding of participatory practice and how it is different from mere user involvement; (2) reflect current issues of participatory and fair technology design within the German Participatory Design community; and (3) discuss tensions relevant to the field, that we expect to arise in the future, and which we derived from our 2021 workshop through a speculative method. We contribute an introduction and an overview of current themes and a speculative outlook on future issues of Participatory Design in Germany. It is meant to inform, provoke, inspire and, ultimately, invite participation within the wider Computer Science community.
[1]
J. Müller, “AUDITOR: Zwischenstand im Forschungsprojekt „European Cloud Service Data Protection Certification“”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 01239, Art. no. 01239, 2022.
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[1]
M. Nebel, “Klarnamenpflicht nach DS-GVO und TTDSG”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 01077, 2022.
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[1]
C. Ochs, “Be-handeln und De-aktivieren : ein empirischer Beitrag zur Erweiterung soziomaterieller agency-Konzeptionen am Fall einer ‚Fitness-App‘”, BEHEMOTH A Journal on Civilisation, vol. 15, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/fedora/objects/freidok:229858/datastreams/FILE1/content
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Actor-Network-Theory (ANT) in many accounts is regarded as a forerunner of approaches summarized as ‘new materialism’. Similar to ANT New Materialism tends to conceive of material entities as having agency, i.e. as active contributors to processes of becoming. At the same time, however, criticisms have been raised against ANT as well as against New Materialism as to their undifferentiated conceptions of agency. Against this background, in this article I will contribute to the conceptual differentiation of agency by drawing on the case of a ‘fitness app’. I will do so by first providing a thick description of the app’s workings and the way it is syntagmatically networked in the technoeconomic frame of the data economy. Second, I will introduce Rammert’s and Schulz-Schaeffer’s gradual notion of agency to specify different types of agency performed by the app, including negative ones. Third, I will draw conceptual conclusions following from my analysis.
[1]
T. Pham, D. Kottke, G. Krempl, and B. Sick, “Stream-based active learning for sliding windows under the influence of verification latency”, Machine Learning, vol. 111, no. 6, Art. no. 6, 2022, doi: doi.org/10.1007/s10994-021-06099-z.
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Stream-based active learning (AL) strategies minimize the labeling effort by querying labels that improve the classifier's performance the most. So far, these strategies neglect the fact that an oracle or expert requires time to provide a queried label. We show that existing AL methods deteriorate or even fail under the influence of such verification latency. The problem with these methods is that they estimate a label's utility on the currently available labeled data. However, when this label would arrive, some of the current data may have gotten outdated and new labels have arrived. In this article, we propose to simulate the available data at the time when the label would arrive. Therefore, our method Forgetting and Simulating (FS) forgets outdated information and simulates the delayed labels to get more realistic utility estimates. We assume to know the label's arrival date a priori and the classifier's training data to be bounded by a sliding window. Our extensive experiments show that FS improves stream-based AL strategies in settings with both, constant and variable verification latency.
[1]
R. Rietsche, C. Dremel, S. Bosch, L. Steinacker, M. Meckel, and J. M. Leimeister, “Quantum computing”, Electronic Markets, vol. 32, no. 4, Art. no. 4, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s12525-022-00570-y.
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Quantum computing promises to be the next disruptive technology, with numerous possible applications and implications for organizations and markets. Quantum computers exploit principles of quantum mechanics, such as superposition and entanglement, to represent data and perform operations on them. Both of these principles enable quantum computers to solve very specific, complex problems significantly faster than standard computers. Against this backdrop, this fundamental gives a brief overview of the three layers of a quantum computer: hardware, system software, and application layer. Furthermore, we introduce potential application areas of quantum computing and possible research directions for the field of information systems.
[1]
A. Roßnagel, C. Geminn, P. C. Johannes, and J. Müller, “Auswirkungen ausländischer Gesetzgebung auf deutsche IT-Sicherheit”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, pp. 156–163, Mar. 2022.
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A. Roßnagel, C. Geminn, J. Müller, and P. Johannes, “Auswirkungen ausländischer Gesetzgebung auf die deutsche Cybersicherheit”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, pp. 156–163, Mar. 2022.
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T. Schaller, “Das Recht der IT-Sicherheit in der Stromversorgung. Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des IT-Sicherheitsgesetzes 2.0 und der neuen BSI-Kritisverordnung (BSI-KritisV)”, Computer und Recht 2022, pp. 635–643, 2022.
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[1]
H.-H. Schild, “Datenschutz vor Gericht - Eine Betrachtung des gerichtlichen Rechtsschutzes”, Datenschutz-Berater, pp. 332–335, 2022.
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[1]
H.-H. Schild, “Regelung der Verarbeitung von Beschäftigtendaten durch nationale Spezifizierung, Anmerkung zu EuGH, Schlussanträge v. 22.9.2022 – C-34/21”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, vol. 2022, pp. 664–666, 2022.
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[1]
H.-H. Schild, “Verarbeitung der PNR-Fluggastaten, Anmerkung zu EuGH, Urteil v. 21.06.2022 – C-819/19”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, vol. 2022, pp. 558–560, 2022.
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[1]
A. Schmitt, T. Wambsganss, and J. M. Leimeister, “Conversational Agents for Information Retrieval in the Education Domain: A User-Centered Design Investigation”, Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction (PACMHCI), vol. 6, no. 486, Art. no. 486, 2022, doi: 10.1145/3555587.
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Text-based conversational agents (CAs) are widely deployed across a number of daily tasks, including information retrieval. However, most existing agents follow a default design that disregards user needs and preferences, ultimately leading to a lack of usage and an unsatisfying user experience. To better understand how CAs can be designed in order to lead to effective system use, we deduced relevant design requirements from both literature and 13 user interviews. We built and tested a question-answering, text-based CA for an information retrieval task in an education scenario. Results from our experimental test with 41 students indicate that following a user-centered design has a significant positive effect on enjoyment and trust in a CA as opposed to deploying a default CA. If not designed with the user in mind, CAs are not necessarily more beneficial than traditional question-answering systems. Beyond practical implications for effective CA design, this paper points towards key challenges and potential research avenues when deploying social cues for CAs.
[1]
J. Schreiber and B. Sick, “Multi-Task Autoencoders and Transfer Learning for Day-Ahead Wind and Photovoltaic Power Forecasts”, Energies, vol. 15, no. 21, Art. no. 21, 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15218062.
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Integrating new renewable energy resources requires robust and reliable forecasts to ensure a stable electrical grid and avoid blackouts. Sophisticated representation learning techniques, such as autoencoders, play an essential role, as they allow for the extraction of latent features to forecast the expected generated wind and photovoltaic power for the next seconds up to days. Thereby, autoencoders reduce the required training time and the time spent in manual feature engineering and often improve the forecast error. However, most current renewable energy forecasting research on autoencoders focuses on smaller forecast horizons for the following seconds and hours based on meteorological measurements. At the same time, larger forecast horizons, such as day-ahead power forecasts based on numerical weather predictions, are crucial for planning loads and demands within the electrical grid to prevent power failures. There is little evidence on the ability of autoencoders and their respective forecasting models to improve through multi-task learning and time series autoencoders for day-ahead power forecasts. We can close these gaps by proposing a multi-task learning autoencoder based on the recently introduced temporal convolution network. This approach reduces the number of trainable parameters by 38 for photovoltaic data and 202 for wind data while having the best reconstruction error compared to nine other representation learning techniques. At the same time, this model decreases the day-ahead forecast error up to 18.3% for photovoltaic parks and 1.5% for wind parks. We round off these results by analyzing the influences of the latent size and the number of layers to fine-tune the encoder for wind and photovoltaic power forecasts.
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B. Simmert and C. Peters, “Faster, Better, Happier – Internal Crowd Work as Form of Structural Empowerment for Employee Empowerment and Success”, Die Unternehmung – Swiss Journal of Business Research and Practice, vol. 76, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2022, doi: 10.5771/0042-059X-2022-1-28.
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ICW is gaining increasing importance as an innovative concept of digital work organization. This study examines ICW and its role as a structural empowerment tool driving the psychological empowerment of employees. This is done by means of a case study on a telecommunications company that has been successfully using ICW for more than ten years. Using a mixed-method approach, a model for an in-depth understanding of empowerment in ICW is exploratively developed based on qualitative data. Furthermore, organizational enablers in ICW are identified as important prerequisites and success factors. Additionally, the study shows how ICW as structural empowerment promotes psychological empowerment and can lead to higher speed, increased synergies, and higher employee satisfaction. A quantitative deep-dive provides additional figures on the structural empowerment mechanisms in ICW as well as on employee perceptions.
[1]
M. Söllner, A. N. Mishra, J.-M. Becker, and J. M. Leimeister, “Use IT Again? Dynamic Roles of Habit, Intention and their Interaction on Continued System Use by Individuals in Utilitarian, Volitional Contexts”, European Journal of Information Systems (EJIS), 2022, doi: 10.1080/0960085X.2022.2115949.
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This paper employs a longitudinal perspective to examine continued system use (CSU) by individuals in utilitarian, volitional contexts when alternative systems are present . We focus on two key behavioural antecedents of CSU – habit and continuance intention – and theorise how the relationships between CSU and these antecedents evolve over time. In addition, we hypothesise how the interaction effect of habit and intention on CSU evolves temporally. Our theorising differs from extant literature in two important respects: 1) In contrast to the widespread acceptance of the diminishing effect of continuance intention on CSU in the information systems (IS) literature, we hypothesise that in our context, its impact increases with time; and 2) In contrast to the negative moderation effect of habit on the relationship between intention and CSU proposed in the literature, we posit a positive interaction effect. We collect longitudinal survey data on the use of a higher education IS from students in a European university. Our results suggest that the impact of continuance intention on CSU as well as the interaction effect between habit and intention are increasing over time. We further introduce a methodological innovation – the permutation approach to conduct the multi-group analysis with repeated measures – to the literature.
[1]
J. M. Thomas, A. Moallemy-Oureh, S. Beddar-Wiesing, and C. Holzhüter, “Graph Neural Networks Designed for Different Graph Types: A Survey”, arXiv e-prints, p. arXiv:2204.03080, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.03080
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Graphs are ubiquitous in nature and can therefore serve as models for many practical but also theoretical problems. Based on this, the young research field of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) has emerged. Despite the youth of the field and the speed in which new models are developed, many good surveys have been published in the last years. Nevertheless, an overview on which graph types can be modeled by GNNs is missing. In this survey, we give a detailed overview of already existing GNNs and, unlike previous surveys, categorize them according to their ability to handle different graph types and properties. We consider GNNs operating on static as well as on dynamic graphs of different structural constitutions, with or without node or edge attributes. Moreover in the dynamic case, we separate the models in discrete-time and continuous-time dynamic graphs based on their architecture. While ordering the existing GNN models, we find, that there are still graph types, that are not or only rarely covered by existing GNN models. We point out where models are missing and give potential reasons for their absence.
[1]
F. Tingelhoff, E. Elshan, and P. Ebel, “Designfaktoren zur Wertmaximierung von B2B Datenaustausch in datengetriebenen Plattform Ökosystemen”, HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik, vol. 59, no. 5, Art. no. 5, 2022, doi: 10.1365/s40702-022-00895-4.
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Datengetriebene Plattform Ökosysteme bilden eine Formalisierung und Automatisierung des Datenaustausches zwischen Unternehmen. Als solche stellen sie eine Technologie dar, durch dessen Verwendung Vorteile gegenüber eines herkömmlichen Datenaustausches (z. B. über Excel-Sheets und Emails) erzielt werden können. Jedoch sind Studien, die aus einer Ökosystem-Perspektive beleuchten, wie solche Plattformen mehrwert-optimiert gestaltet werden können, bislang unterrepräsentiert. Diese Forschungslücke soll innerhalb der vorliegenden Studie durch eine Datenerhebung in der Praxis geschlossen werden. In einer Interviewstudie mit 11 Vertretern aus deutschsprachigen, international tätigen Unternehmen wurden Organisationsteilnehmer des mittleren und gehobenen Managements zu ihrer Partizipation in datengetriebenen Plattformen befragt. Dabei liefert dieses Paper im Wesentlichen 3 Beiträge: 1. Designfaktoren zur Wertmaximierung der Plattform-Teilnehmer wurden aus einer Ökosystem-Perspektive herausgearbeitet. Zusätzlich wurde ein Framework zur Auflistung und Kategorisierung wichtiger Designfaktoren angefertigt. 2. Auf Grundlage der Literaturanalyse und Praxisdaten wurden zwei Thesen entwickelt, die spezifische Design-Anforderungen beschreiben, welchen im Rahmen der Datensammlung und -Auswertung besondere Beachtung zugesprochen wurde. 3. Das Verständnis von Wertbildung im digitalen Raum wurde auf Datenaustausch-Plattformen erweitert. Die ersten beiden Beiträge dieses Papers adressieren Praktiker. Unternehmen sollen ermächtigt werden, zielgerichtete und informierte Entscheidungen im Bezug zur wertmaximierenden Gestaltung inter-organisationalen Datenaustauschs treffen zu können. Gleichzeitig soll mittels der zwei Thesen zu datengetriebenen Austauschplattformen eine Diskussion über ihre Rolle in der Praxis angestoßen werden. Der dritte Beitrag dieser Studie widmet sich dem akademischen Diskurs, da über die Erweiterung des Verständnisses von Wertbildung im digitalen Raum auf Datenaustausch-Plattformen eine Grundlage für die weitergehende Erforschung dieses Plattform-Typs geschaffen werden soll.
[1]
T. Wambsganss, A. Janson, T. Käser, and J. M. Leimeister, “Improving Students Argumentation Learning with Adaptive Self-Evaluation Nudging”, Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction (PACMHCI), vol. 6, no. 520, Art. no. 520, 2022, doi: 10.1145/3555633.
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Recent advantages from computational linguists can be leveraged to nudge students with adaptive self evaluation based on their argumentation skill level. To investigate how individual argumentation self evaluation will help students write more convincing texts, we designed an intelligent argumentation writing support system called ArgumentFeedback based on nudging theory and evaluated it in a series of three qualitative and quaxntitative studies with a total of 83 students. We found that students who received a self-evaluation nudge wrote more convincing texts with a better quality of formal and perceived argumentation compared to the control group. The measured self-efficacy and the technology acceptance provide promising results for embedding adaptive argumentation writing support tools in combination with digital nudging in traditional learning settings to foster self-regulated learning. Our results indicate that the design of nudging-based learning applications for self-regulated learning combined with computational methods for argumentation self-evaluation has a beneficial use to foster better writing skills of students.
[1]
T. Wambsganss, A. Janson, and J. M. Leimeister, “Enhancing argumentative writing with automated feedback and social comparison nudging”, Computers & Education, vol. 191, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104644.
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The advantages offered by natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning enable students to receive automated feedback on their argumentation skills, independent of educator, time, and location. Although there is a growing amount of literature on formative argumentation feedback, empirical evidence on the effects of adaptive feedback mechanisms and novel NLP approaches to enhance argumentative writing remains scarce. To help fill this gap, the aim of the present study is to investigate whether automated feedback and social comparison nudging enable students to internalize and improve logical argumentation writing abilities in an undergraduate business course. We conducted a mixed-methods study to investigate the impact of argumentative writing on 71 students in a field experiment. Students in treatment group 1 completed their assignment while receiving automated feedback, whereas students in treatment group 2 completed the same assignment while receiving automated feedback with a social comparison nudge that indicated how other students performed on the same assignment. Students in the control group received generalized feedback based on rules of syntax. We found that participants who received automated argumentation feedback with a social comparison nudge wrote more convincing texts with higher-quality argumentation compared to the two benchmark groups (p < 0.05). The measured self-efficacy, perceived ease of use, and qualitative data provide valuable insights that help explain this effect. The results suggest that embedding automated feedback in combination with social comparison nudges enables students to increase their argumentative writing skills by triggering psychological processes. Receiving only automated feedback in the form of in-text argumentative highlighting without any further guidance appears not to significantly influence students’ writing abilities when compared to syntactic feedback.
[1]
T. Wambsganss, N. Zierau, M. Söllner, T. Käser, K. R. Koedinger, and J. M. Leimeister, “Designing Conversational Evaluation Tools: A Comparison of Text and Voice Modalities to Improve Response Quality in Course Evaluations”, Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction (PACMHCI), vol. 6, no. CSCW2, Art. no. CSCW2, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.1145/3555619.
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Conversational agents (CAs) provide opportunities for improving the interaction in evaluation surveys. To investigate if and how a user-centered conversational evaluation tool impacts users' response quality and their experience, we build EVA - a novel conversational course evaluation tool for educational scenarios. In a field experiment with 128 students, we compared EVA against a static web survey. Our results confirm prior findings from literature about the positive effect of conversational evaluation tools in the domain of education. Second, we then investigate the differences between a voice-based and text-based conversational human-computer interaction of EVA in the same experimental set-up. Against our prior expectation, the students of the voice-based interaction answered with higher information quality but with lower quantity of information compared to the text-based modality. Our findings indicate that using a conversational CA (voice and text-based) results in a higher response quality and user experience compared to a static web survey interface.
[1]
P. Yetton, S. Henningsson, M. Böhm, J. M. Leimeister, and H. Krcmar, “How IT carve-out project complexity influences divestor performance in M&As”, European Journal of Information Systems (EJIS), vol. 32, no. 6, Art. no. 6, 2022, doi: 10.1080/0960085X.2022.2085201.
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IT carve-out projects are complex and cost-intensive components of M&A transactions. Existing research sheds little light on the determinants of IT carve-out project complexity and/or its effects on divestor performance. Instead, research has focused on the post-acquisition IT integration project and acquirer performance. This paper presents the first divestor-centric model of IT transactions from the divestor to the acquirer when a Business Unit in a Multi-Business Organization (MBO) is carved out and integrated into another MBO. The model explains how divestor business and IT alignment pre-conditions contribute to increased IT carve-out project complexity. Such complexity increases IT carve-out project time to physical IT separation and creates IT stranded assets, which decrease post-divestment business, IT alignment and divestor performance. The current recommended strategy of adopting transitional service agreements (TSAs) to handle IT carve-out complexity is compared with two new proactive strategies derived from the model. TSA-based strategies restrict the divestor from both decommissioning IT stranded assets and reconfiguring its IT assets to support its new post-divestment business strategy. The two new strategies address IT carve-out complexity without incurring the negative effects from adopting TSAs.

2021[ to top ]

[1]
Y. Alhamwy, “Information Management for Multi-Agent Systems”, Electronic Communications of the EASST, vol. 80, 2021.
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[1]
C. Anderson, “Towards Social Role-Based Interruptibility Management”, CoRR, vol. abs/2106.04265, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.04265
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[1]
M. Bachmann, M. Morold, and K. David, “On the Required Movement Recognition Accuracy in Cooperative VRU Collision Avoidance Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 22, no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2021, doi: 10.1109/TITS.2020.2976593.
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[1]
K. Bellman, “Self-improving system integration: Mastering continuous change”, Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 117, pp. 29–46, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.future.2020.11.019.
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The research initiative “self-improving system integration” (SISSY) was established with the goal to master the ever-changing demands of system organisation in the presence of autonomous subsystems, evolving architectures, and highly-dynamic open environments. It aims to move integration-related decisions from design-time to run-time, implying a further shift of expertise and responsibility from human engineers to autonomous systems. This introduces a qualitative shift from existing self-adaptive and self-organising systems, moving from self-adaptation based on predefined variation types, towards more open contexts involving novel autonomous subsystems, collaborative behaviours, and emerging goals. In this article, we revisit existing SISSY research efforts and establish a corresponding terminology focusing on how SISSY relates to the broad field of integration sciences. We then investigate SISSY-related research efforts and derive a taxonomy of SISSY technology. This is concluded by establishing a research road-map for developing operational self-improving self-integrating systems.
[1]
A. Coban and K.-A. Wenten, “Who Cares for Agile Work? In/Visiblized Work Practices and their Emancipatory Potentials”, Nanoethics, vol. 15, pp. 15–70, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11569-021-00385-9
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[1]
K. Dingel, R. Huhnstock, A. Knie, A. Ehresmann, and B. Sick, “AdaPT: Adaptable particle tracking for spherical microparticles in lab on chip systems”, Computer Physics Communications, vol. 262, p. 107859, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.cpc.2021.107859.
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Due to its rising importance in science and technology in recent years, particle tracking in videos presents itself as a tool for successfully acquiring new knowledge in the field of life sciences and physics. Accordingly, different particle tracking methods for various scenarios have been developed. In this article, we present a particle tracking application implemented in Python for, in particular, spherical magnetic particles, including superparamagnetic beads and Janus particles. In the following, we distinguish between two sub-steps in particle tracking, namely the localization of particles in single images and the linking of the extracted particle positions of the subsequent frames into trajectories. We provide an intensity-based localization technique to detect particles and two linking algorithms, which apply either frame-by-frame linking or linear assignment problem solving. Beyond that, we offer helpful tools to preprocess images automatically as well as estimate parameters required for the localization algorithm by utilizing machine learning. As an extra, we have implemented a technique to estimate the current spatial orientation of Janus particles within the x-y-plane. Our framework is readily extendable and easy-to-use as we offer a graphical user interface and a command-line tool. Various output options, such as data frames and videos, ensure further analysis that can be automated.
[1]
K. Dingel, “Toward AI-enhanced online-characterization and shaping of ultrashort X-ray free-electron laser pulses”, arXiv e-prints, p. arXiv:2108.13979, 2021.
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X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) as the world`s most brilliant light sources provide ultrashort X-ray pulses with durations typically on the order of femtoseconds. Recently, they have approached and entered the attosecond regime, which holds new promises for single-molecule imaging and studying nonlinear and ultrafast phenomena like localized electron dynamics. The technological evolution of XFELs toward well-controllable light sources for precise metrology of ultrafast processes was, however, hampered by the diagnostic capabilities for characterizing X-ray pulses at the attosecond frontier. In this regard, the spectroscopic technique of photoelectron angular streaking has successfully proven how to non-destructively retrieve the exact time-energy structure of XFEL pulses on a single-shot basis. By using artificial intelligence algorithms, in particular convolutional neural networks, we here show how this technique can be leveraged from its proof-of-principle stage toward routine diagnostics at XFELs, thus enhancing and refining their scientific access in all related disciplines.
[1]
C. Draude, “Social Machines”, Informatik Spektrum, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s00287-021-01421-4.
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[1]
P. Frey, S. Schaupp, and K.-A. Wenten, “Towards Emancipatory Technology Studies”, Nanoethics, vol. 15, pp. 19–27, 2021.
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[1]
C. Geminn, “Kanada: Digital Charter Implementation Act”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, p. XVII-XVIII, Apr. 2021.
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[1]
C. Geminn, “Datenschutz bei Sprachassistenten – Herausforderungen heute und morgen”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, pp. 509–514, Aug. 2021.
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[1]
C. Geminn, “Japan: Nach der Reform ist vor der Reform”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2021.
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[1]
C. Geminn, “Die Regulierung Künstlicher Intelligenz – Anmerkungen zum Entwurf eines Artificial Intelligence Act”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, pp. 354–359, Jul. 2021.
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[1]
C. Geminn, “Fairness und Transparenz im Datenschutzrecht”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 20, Art. no. 20, 2021.
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[1]
C. Geminn, “Anonymisierung zur Förderung Künstlicher Intelligenz”, Oct. 2021, [Online]. Available: /brokenurl#www.forum-privatheit.de/blog
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[1]
C. Geminn, “Rechtsfragen eines offenen Web-Index – Freiheitsfördernde Infrastrukturen für die digitale Gesellschaft”, MultiMedia und Recht, pp. 16–19, Jan. 2021.
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[1]
C. Geminn and T. Bile, “Erfolgreicher Abschluss des Forschungsprojekts ‚Forum Privatheit: Selbstbestimmtes Leben in einer digitalen Welt”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 05139, Jun. 2021.
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[1]
C. Geminn, K. Erenli, and L. Pfeiffer, “Legal Challenges of an Open Web Index”, International Cybersecurity Law Review, pp. 183–194, Jan. 2021.
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[1]
C. Geminn, B. Ferrarese, M. Friedewald, and T. Bile, “Forum Privatheit: Renommiertes Forschungsprojekt wird verlängert und deutlich ausgebaut”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 05168, Aug. 2021.
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[1]
C. Geminn and P. Johannes, “Abwägung zur Sicherheit der Datenverarbeitung durch technische und organisatorische Maßnahmen – Zur Schwierigkeit der Bestimmung des ausreichenden datenschutzrechtlichen Schutzniveaus”, InTeR – Zeitschrift für Innovations- und Technikrecht, pp. 140–146, Mar. 2021.
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[1]
C. Geminn and P. Johannes, “LG Bonn: Authentifizierung im telefonischen Kontakt mit Kundencentern – 1&1”, MultiMedia und Recht, pp. 173–177, Feb. 2021.
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[1]
C. Geminn, F. Leon, and H. Karl-Raban, “Die Informationspräsentation im Datenschutzrecht – Auf der Suche nach Lösungen”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 14, Art. no. 14, 2021.
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[1]
C. Gilga, “AIFER: KI zur Analyse und Fusion von Erdbeobachtungs- und Internetdaten zur Unterstützung bei der Lageerfassung und -einschätzung”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 05218, 2021.
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[1]
C. Gilga, “Digitalisierung geschlechtergerecht gestalten - Das Zusammenspiel von Gleichstellung und Datenschutzrecht”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 05137, 2021.
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[1]
C. Gilga, “Automatisierte Kennzeichenerfassung in der Strafverfolgung - aktueller Regierungsentwurf”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 05041, 2021.
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[1]
C. Gruhl, B. Sick, and S. Tomforde, “Novelty detection in continuously changing environments”, Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 114, pp. 138–154, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.future.2020.07.037.
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Self-improving system integration (SISSY) aims at mastering the challenges of system organisation decisions for subsystems with highly dynamic behaviours. This is achieved by increased decision freedom of these subsystems, i.e., by moving the corresponding design decisions from design-time to run-time and from engineers to the systems themselves. As a result, a more robust and efficient constellation of the overall system organisation is maintained even under the presence of continuous change and disturbed conditions. Appropriate integration decisions require a solid foundation of assessing the current conditions and their dynamics using identifying triggers for a necessary evaluation of their own integration status. With this article, we present mCANDIES, a modular novelty detection technique especially suited for SISSY systems that fulfils exactly these identification tasks. mCANDIES tackles an anomaly or novelty detection problem in a modular way by combining the advantages of different detection approaches by exploiting locality in different regions of the input space — depending on, e.g. the density or location of expected observations. This is augmented with information about changes in the underlying model of the observations, i.e., mCANDIES identifies concept drifts. The corresponding information can then be used to trigger online learning behaviour. We analyse the behaviour of mCANDIES on artificial and real-world data sets and compare it to other techniques from the state of the art.
[1]
Y. He and B. Sick, “CLeaR: An adaptive continual learning framework for regression tasks”, AI Perspectives, vol. 3, no. 1, Art. no. 1, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1186/s42467-021-00009-8.
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Catastrophic forgetting means that a trained neural network model gradually forgets the previously learned tasks when being retrained on new tasks. Overcoming the forgetting problem is a major problem in machine learning. Numerous continual learning algorithms are very successful in incremental learning of classification tasks, where new samples with their labels appear frequently. However, there is currently no research that addresses the catastrophic forgetting problem in regression tasks as far as we know. This problem has emerged as one of the primary constraints in some applications, such as renewable energy forecasts. This article clarifies problem-related definitions and proposes a new methodological framework that can forecast targets and update itself by means of continual learning. The framework consists of forecasting neural networks and buffers, which store newly collected data from a non-stationary data stream in an application. The changed probability distribution of the data stream, which the framework has identified, will be learned sequentially. The framework is called CLeaR (Continual Learning for Regression Tasks), where components can be flexibly customized for a specific application scenario. We design two sets of experiments to evaluate the CLeaR framework concerning fitting error (training), prediction error (test), and forgetting ratio. The first one is based on an artificial time series to explore how hyperparameters affect the CLeaR framework. The second one is designed with data collected from European wind farms to evaluate the CLeaR framework's performance in a real-world application. The experimental results demonstrate that the CLeaR framework can continually acquire knowledge in the data stream and improve the prediction accuracy. The article concludes with further research issues arising from requirements to extend the framework.
[1]
J. Hegenberg and L. Schmidt, “Augmented-Reality-basierte Assistenz für das Anlernen manueller und roboterunterstützter Montageprozesse”, Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, vol. 75, no. 4, Art. no. 4, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41449-021-00278-3
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Durch eine zunehmend flexibilisierte Produktion und relativ hohe Personalfluktuation bei einfachen Tätigkeiten wird das Anlernen neuer Mitarbeitender bzw. für neue oder geänderte Produktionsprozesse zunehmend relevanter. Konventionelle Anlernmethoden, bspw. durch Demonstration oder Arbeitspläne, haben Schwächen (bspw. binden sie zusätzliche Arbeitskraft oder sind kognitiv anspruchsvoll), die durch ein Augmented-Reality-(AR-)basiertes Assistenzsystem kompensiert werden können. Ein AR-Assistenzsystem zum Anlernen eines tatsächlichen industriellen Montageprozesses wurde in einer vergleichenden Studie mit 16 Versuchspersonen gegenüber einer konventionellen Papieranleitung evaluiert. Bzgl. Gebrauchstauglichkeit und Beanspruchung deuten sich die Stärken des AR-Ansatzes an. In den Subskalen Anstrengung und Frustration zeigt sich eine statistisch signifikante Reduktion der Beanspruchung. Bezüglich der Montagezeiten konnten statistisch signifikante Vorteile erzielt werden. Ergänzend wurde in einer zweiten Studie eine Videoanleitung mit der AR-Anleitung verglichen. Praktische Relevanz: Die Digitalisierung der Produktion erlaubt nach Kundenwunsch individualisierte Produkte, die mit einer flexibilisierten Produktion einhergehen. Einfache Montageprozesse ändern sich daher häufiger vollständig oder in Teilen. Außerdem wechseln Mitarbeitende aufgrund der monotonen und repetitiven Tätigkeiten häufiger. All das führt zu einem Bedarf an regelmäßigen Anlernprozessen. Ein AR-Assistenzsystem erscheint als aussichtsreicher Ansatz, wobei die Gebrauchstauglichkeit besonders im Fokus stehen sollte, da wenig technische Kenntnisse vorausgesetzt werden können.
[1]
M. Herde, D. Huseljic, B. Sick, and A. Calma, “A Survey on Cost Types, Interaction Schemes, and Annotator Performance Models in Selection Algorithms for Active Learning in Classification”, IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 166970–166989, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3135514.
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Pool-based active learning (AL) aims to optimize the annotation process (i.e., labeling) as the acquisition of annotations is often time-consuming and therefore expensive. For this purpose, an AL strategy queries annotations intelligently from annotators to train a high-performance classification model at a low annotation cost. Traditional AL strategies operate in an idealized framework. They assume a single, omniscient annotator who never gets tired and charges uniformly regardless of query difficulty. However, in real-world applications, we often face human annotators, e.g., crowd or in-house workers, who make annotation mistakes and can be reluctant to respond if tired or faced with complex queries. Recently, many novel AL strategies have been proposed to address these issues. They differ in at least one of the following three central aspects from traditional AL: 1) modeling of (multiple) human annotators whose performances can be affected by various factors, such as missing expertise; 2) generalization of the interaction with human annotators through different query and annotation types, such as asking an annotator for feedback on an inferred classification rule; 3) consideration of complex cost schemes regarding annotations and misclassification. This survey provides an overview of these AL strategies and refers to them as real-world AL. Therefore, we introduce a general real-world AL strategy as part of a learning cycle and use its elements, e.g., the query and annotator selection algorithm, to categorize about 60 real-world AL strategies. Finally, we outline possible directions for future research in the field of AL.
[1]
A. S. Hernandez Bark, K. Seliverstova, and S. Ohly, “Getting credit for proactivity? The effects of gender”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 2021.
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[1]
G. Hornung and J.-P. Stroscher, “Datenschutz in der Katastrophe. Anwendbarkeit, Systematik und Kompetenzfragen - Teil 1”, Zeitschrift für das Gesamte Sicherheitsrecht, pp. 149–154, 2021.
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[1]
G. Hornung and J.-P. Stroscher, “Datenschutz in der Katastrophe. Zulässigkeitstatbestände und Vorgaben für die Datenverarbeitung zur Katastrophenvorsorge und -bekämpfung - Teil 2”, Zeitschrift für das Gesamte Sicherheitsrecht, pp. 185–191, 2021.
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[1]
G. Hornung, “Das IT-Sicherheitsgesetz 2.0: Kompetenzaufwuchs des BSI und neue Pflichten für Unternehmen”, Neue Juristische Wochenschrift 2021, pp. 1985–1991, 2021.
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[1]
G. Hornung and S. Schindler, “Datenschutz bei der biometrischen Gesichtserkennung. Künstliche Intelligenz und Mustererkennung als Herausforderung für das Recht, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit”, Schwerpunkt, pp. 515–521, Jul. 2021.
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[1]
R. Huhnstock, “Translatory and rotatory motion of exchange-bias capped Janus particles controlled by dynamic magnetic field landscapes”, Scientific Reports, vol. 11, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-01351-x.
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Magnetic Janus particles (MJPs), fabricated by covering a non-magnetic spherical particle with a hemispherical magnetic in-plane exchange-bias layer system cap, display an onion magnetization state for comparably large diameters of a few microns. In this work, the motion characteristics of these MJPs will be investigated when they are steered by a magnetic field landscape over prototypical parallel-stripe domains, dynamically varied by superposed external magnetic field pulse sequences, in an aqueous medium. We demonstrate, that due to the engineered magnetization state in the hemispherical cap, a comparably fast, directed particle transport and particle rotation can be induced. Additionally, by modifying the frequency of the applied pulse sequence and the strengths of the individual field components, we observe a possible separation between a combined or an individual occurrence of these two types of motion. Our findings bear importance for lab-on-a-chip systems, where particle immobilization on a surface via analyte bridges shall be used for low concentration analyte detection and a particle rotation over a defined position of a substrate may dramatically increase the immobilization (and therefore analyte detection) probability.
[1]
P. Johannes, “China: Zweiter Entwurf eines Datenschutzgesetzes veröffentlicht”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 05219, 2021.
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[1]
P. Johannes, “Quick Reference Guide to eIDAS-Regulation”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 910, Art. no. 910, 2021.
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[1]
P. Johannes and C. Geminn, “Die Beauftragung externer Gutachter durch die Medizinischen Dienste”, NZS, 2021.
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[1]
P. Johannes and C. Geminn, “Abwägung zur Sicherheit der Datenverarbeitung durch technische und organisatorische Maßnahmen”, InTeR – Zeitschrift für Innovations- und Technikrecht, pp. 140–146, 2021.
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[1]
S. Klee, A. Janson, and J. M. Leimeister, “How Data Analytics Competencies Can Foster Business Value – A Systematic Review and Way Forward”, Information Systems Management (ISM), vol. 38, no. 3, Art. no. 3, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1080/10580530.2021.1894515.
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Several authors have illustrated the benefits of data in organizations. For realizing benefits, we see two major challenges for organizations. First, there are necessary investments, which have to be justified. Second, adequate data analytics competencies can be seen as enablers for realizing benefits. We aim to support organizations by showing relevant competencies and achievable business values. We present theoretical propositions and a research agenda on how to move the field of data analytics competencies forward.
[1]
R. Knote, A. Janson, M. Söllner, and J. M. Leimeister, “Value Co-Creation in Smart Services: A Functional Affordances Perspective on Smart Personal Assistants”, Journal of the Association for Information Systems, vol. 22, no. 2, Art. no. 2, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.17705/1jais.00667.
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In the realm of smart services, smart personal assistants (SPAs) have become a popular medium for value co-creation between service providers and users. The market success of SPAs is largely based on their innovative material properties, such as natural language user interfaces, machine-learning-powered request handling and service provision, and anthropomorphism. In different combinations, these properties offer users entirely new ways to intuitively and interactively achieve their goals and, thus, co-create value with service providers. But how does the nature of the SPA shape value co-creation processes? In this paper, we look through a functional affordances lens to theorize about the effects of different types of SPAs (i.e., with different combinations of material properties) on users' value co-creation processes. Specifically, we collected SPAs from research and practice by reviewing scientific literature and web resources, developed a taxonomy of SPAs' material properties, and performed a cluster analysis to group SPAs of a similar nature. We then derived 2 general and 11 cluster-specific propositions on how different material properties of SPAs can yield different affordances for value co-creation. With our work, we point out that smart services require researchers and practitioners to fundamentally rethink value co-creation as well as revise affordances theory to address the dynamic nature of smart technology as a service counterpart.
[1]
T. Koopmann, “Proximity Dimensions and the Emergence of Collaboration: A HypTrails Study on German AI Research”, Scientometrics, vol. 126, no. 12, Art. no. 12, Mar. 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-021-03922-1.
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[1]
D. Kottke, “scikit-activeml: A Library and Toolbox for Active Learning Algorithms”, Preprints, p. 2021030194, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202103.0194/
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Machine learning applications often need large amounts of training data to perform well. Whereas unlabeled data can be easily gathered, the labeling process is difficult, time-consuming, or expensive in most applications. Active learning can help solve this problem by querying labels for those data points that will improve the performance the most. Thereby, the goal is that the learning algorithm performs sufficiently well with fewer labels. We provide a library called scikit-activeml that covers the most relevant query strategies and implements tools to work with partially labeled data. It is programmed in Python and builds on top of scikit-learn.
[1]
D. Kottke, M. Herde, C. Sandrock, D. Huseljic, G. Krempl, and B. Sick, “Toward optimal probabilistic active learning using a Bayesian approach”, Machine Learning, vol. 110, no. 6, Art. no. 6, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s10994-021-05986-9.
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Gathering labeled data to train well-performing machine learning models is one of the critical challenges in many applications. Active learning aims at reducing the labeling costs by an efficient and effective allocation of costly labeling resources. In this article, we propose a decision-theoretic selection strategy that (1) directly optimizes the gain in misclassification error, and (2) uses a Bayesian approach by introducing a conjugate prior distribution to determine the class posterior to deal with uncertainties. By reformulating existing selection strategies within our proposed model, we can explain which aspects are not covered in current state-of-the-art and why this leads to the superior performance of our approach. Extensive experiments on a large variety of datasets and different kernels validate our claims.
[1]
J. Lamla, L. Gertenbach, and S. Laser, “Eating ourselves out of industrial excess? Degrowth, multi-species conviviality and the micro-politics of cultured meat”, Anthropological Theory, vol. 21, no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2021, doi: 10.1177/1463499620981544.
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[1]
J. M. Leimeister, S. Stieglitz, M. Matzner, D. Kundisch, C. Flath, and M. Röglinger, “Quo Vadis Conferences in the Business and Information Systems Engineering (BISE) Community After Covid: What Can Stay, What Should Go, What Do We Need to Change for Our Future Scientific Conferences?”, Business & Information Systems Engineering (BISE), vol. 63, no. 6, Art. no. 6, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.17170/kobra-202112095208.
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The global Covid-19 pandemic has not only influenced the way we work and collaborate on our research but also how we present and exchange novel contributions at scientific conferences. Governmental lockdowns and (inter)-national travel restrictions have forced conference organizers to move from offline conference venues to virtual platforms quickly. Our discipline, the Business & Information Systems Engineering (BISE) community, is an interdisciplinary field involving the more conference-driven computer sciences and the more journal-oriented social science. Thus, the impact of Covid-19 on—and the (needed) experience with—new conference formats require a differentiated discourse on the role of the future of our scientific conferences. Hence, we aim to contribute to a discussion on (1) what can stay offline / as on-site conference formats, (2) what we can learn from the experience with (new) online formats, and (3) what do we need for our future scientific conferences in the BISE community?
[1]
L. Löber, “KI-Lösungen gegen Desinformation in Social Networks – Fragen des grundrechtskonformen und transparenten Einsatzes”, Oct. 2021, [Online]. Available: /brokenurl#www.forum-privatheit.de/blog
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[1]
L. Löber, “Digitales EU-COVID-Zertifikat und CovPass-App: Rückkehr zur Freiheit oder Überwachungsinstrument?”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 05220, 2021.
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[1]
L. Löber, A. Roßnagel, K. David, and S. Lange, “Datenschutzfreundliche Algorithmen. Datenminimierung in der Kontextverarbeitung”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, pp. 616–622, 2021.
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[1]
H. Lurtz and S. Schomberg, “Betriebliches Datenschutz-Paradox oder betrieblicher Datenschutz-Calculus?”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 05269, 2021.
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[1]
N. Maier-Reinhardt, “Nationale Akkreditierungsanforderungen nach Art. 43 Abs. 3 DS-GVO iVm Art. 57 Abs. 1 lit. p DS-GVO – Vergleich Dänemark und Niederlande”, ZD-Aktuell 2021, no. 20, Art. no. 20, 2021.
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[1]
N. Maier-Reinhardt, “Vergleich nationaler Akkreditierungsanforderungen nach Art. 43 Abs. 3 i.V.m. 57 Abs. 1 lit. p DS-GVO”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 8, Art. no. 8, 2021.
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[1]
V. Mrass, C. Peters, and J. M. Leimeister, “How Companies Can Benefit from Interlinking External Crowds and Internal Employees”, Management Information Systems Quarterly Executive (MISQE), vol. 20, no. 1, Art. no. 1, Mar. 2021, [Online]. Available: https://pubs.wi-kassel.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/JML_817_new.pdf
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Based on insights from an engineering design project conducted by Airbus and Local Motors, we describe how companies can leverage hybrid working by interlinking external crowds and internal employees, to increase the agility, quality and speed of product development. We identify the benefits and risks of hybrid working and describe the different ways of interlinking external crowds and internal employees. Finally, we provide recommendations for company executives who want to explore the use of hybrid working.
[1]
J. Müller, “Der „digitale Zwilling“”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 05096, 2021.
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[1]
J. Müller, “Pegasus und Smartphone: Formatierte Freiheit”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 05457, 2021.
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[1]
C. Ochs, “Kode als Kultur. Zur praktischen Strukturiertheit und Strukturierung von Praktiken durch Kode”, Kuckuck. Notizen zur Alltagskultur, vol. Code, no. 1/21, Art. no. 1/21, 2021.
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[1]
C. Ochs, “Lost in Transformation? Einige Hypothesen zur Systematik der Strukturtransformation informationeller Privatheit vom 18. Jh. bis heute”, Abschlussmagazin des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs 1681/2 "Privatheit & Digitalisierung, pp. 48–54, 2021.
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[1]
C. Ochs, “Digital Infrastructures suck: Zur digitalen Absorption des Sozialen”, Hamburger Journal für Kulturanthropologie (HJK), vol. 13, pp. 127–138, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/hjk/article/view/1728
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[1]
S. Oeste-Reiß, “Hybride Wissensarbeit”, Informatik Spektrum, vol. 44, no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s00287-021-01352-0.
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Aufgrund der Fortschritte im Bereich der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) ergeben sich neue Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten zur Reorganisation von Wissensarbeit an der Schnittstelle von Menschen und Maschine. Durch die Verschmelzung von menschlicher und künstlicher Intelligenz können komplementäre Stärken zum Lösen von Arbeitsaufgaben gebündelt werden. Neuartige Wissensarbeitssysteme sind erforderlich, die Wissensarbeitende sowohl bei der Ausübung von Routineaufgaben als auch Nichtroutineaufgaben unterstützen. Der Schlagwortartikel umreißt die Grundlagen von Wissensarbeit und arbeitet die Charakteristika von Routineaufgaben und Nichtroutineaufgaben innerhalb von Arbeitsprozessen auf. Es werden Grenzen klassischer IT-gestützter Wissensarbeitssysteme als Werkzeuge umrissen, die Wissensarbeitende im Arbeitsprozess unterstützen. Aufbauend darauf diskutiert der Artikel, dass technologische Fortschritte eine arbeitsprozessintegrierte und personalisierte Unterstützung von Wissensarbeitenden erlauben. Dazu verweist der Artikel auf die Charakteristika von kollaborativ interaktiv lernenden Systemen. Darauf aufbauend werden Hybride Wissensarbeitssysteme vorgestellt, die sowohl das KI-unterstützte menschliche Lernen als auch das Mensch-unterstützte maschinelle Lernen unterstützen. In diesem Zusammenhang beschreibt der Artikel definitorische Grundlagen von menschlicher, künstlicher und hybrider Intelligenz, stellt drei Archetypen von Mensch-Maschine-Aufgaben innerhalb von hybriden Wissensarbeitssystemen vor und umreißt drei Gestaltungsdimensionen solcher Systeme. Mittels eines Praxisbeispiels zum kollaborativen Schreiben von Journalist*innen beschreibt der Artikel exemplarisch die hybride Wissensarbeit. Der Artikel schließt mit einem Ausblick auf zukünftige Forschungsbedarfe.
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S. Ohly and C. Schneijderberg, “German professors’ motivation to act as peer reviewers in accreditation and evaluation procedures”, Minerva, vol. 59, pp. 217–236, 2021.
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[1]
C. Peters, S. Schmidt, M. Li, and J. M. Leimeister, “Hybrid intelligenter Service Support: Wie die Mitarbeitenden selbstbestimmt den IT-Support durch künstliche Intelligenz aufwerten”, Service Today, vol. 35, no. 1/21, Art. no. 1/21, Feb. 2021, [Online]. Available: http://pubs.wi-kassel.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/JML_816.pdf
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[1]
M. Reginka, “Transport efficiency of biofunctionalized magnetic particles tailored by surfactant concentration”, Langmuir, vol. 37, no. 28, Art. no. 28, 2021, doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00900.
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[1]
K. Reinke and S. Ohly, “Double-edged effects of work-related technology use after hours on employee well-being and recovery: The role of appraisal and its determinants”, German Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 35, no. 2, Art. no. 2, 2021.
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[1]
A. Roßnagel and C. Geminn, “Vertrauen in Anonymisierung – Regulierung der Anonymisierung zur Förderung Künstlicher Intelligenz”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, pp. 487–490, Sep. 2021.
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[1]
B. Schaefermeier, G. Stumme, and T. Hanika, “Topic space trajectories”, Scientometrics, vol. 126, no. 7, Art. no. 7, May 2021, doi: 10.1007/s11192-021-03931-0.
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The annual number of publications at scientific venues, for example, conferences and journals, is growing quickly. Hence, even for researchers it becomes harder and harder to keep track of research topics and their progress. In this task, researchers can be supported by automated publication analysis. Yet, many such methods result in uninterpretable, purely numerical representations. As an attempt to support human analysts, we present topic space trajectories, a structure that allows for the comprehensible tracking of research topics. We demonstrate how these trajectories can be interpreted based on eight different analysis approaches. To obtain comprehensible results, we employ non-negative matrix factorization as well as suitable visualization techniques. We show the applicability of our approach on a publication corpus spanning 50 years of machine learning research from 32 publication venues. In addition to a thorough introduction of our method, our focus is on an extensive analysis of the results we achieved. Our novel analysis method may be employed for paper classification, for the prediction of future research topics, and for the recommendation of fitting conferences and journals for submitting unpublished work. An advantage in these applications over previous methods lies in the good interpretability of the results obtained through our methods.
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B. Schaefermeier, G. Stumme, and T. Hanika, “Topological Indoor Mapping through WiFi Signals”, 2021, [Online]. Available: http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.09789
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The ubiquitous presence of WiFi access points and mobile devices capable of measuring WiFi signal strengths allow for real-world applications in indoor localization and mapping. In particular, no additional infrastructure is required. Previous approaches in this field were, however, often hindered by problems such as effortful map-building processes, changing environments and hardware differences. We tackle these problems focussing on topological maps. These represent discrete locations, such as rooms, and their relations, e.g., distances and transition frequencies. In our unsupervised method, we employ WiFi signal strength distributions, dimension reduction and clustering. It can be used in settings where users carry mobile devices and follow their normal routine. We aim for applications in short-lived indoor events such as conferences.
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N. Scheiner, F. Kraus, N. Appenrodt, J. Dickmann, and B. Sick, “Object Detection For Automotive Radar Point Clouds -- A Comparison”, AI Perspectives, vol. 3, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.1186/s42467-021-00012-z.
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[1]
S. Schindler, “EU-Kommission: Verordnungsentwurf zur Regulierung von KI - Das Ende polizeilicher Gesichtserkennung im öffentlichen Raum?”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 05221, 2021.
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S. Schindler, “Neues vom NetzDG”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 05097, 2021.
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S. Schindler and G. Hornung, “Datenschutz bei der biometrischen Gesichtserkennung. Künstliche Intelligenz und Mustererkennung als Herausforderung für das Recht”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, pp. 515–521, 2021.
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[1]
S. Schöbel, S. Mohammed, and A. Janson, “Two decades of game concepts in digital learning environments – A bibliometric study and research agenda”, Computers & Education, vol. 173, no. 104296, Art. no. 104296, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104296.
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In recent years, using game concepts for educational purposes in digital environments has become continually more popular and relevant. Games can be used to motivate and engage users in regular system use and, in the end, support learners in achieving better learning outcomes. In this context, different kinds of game concepts exist, such as gamification or serious games, each with a different perspective and usefulness in digital learning environments. Because developing and using with game concepts in digital learning environments has recently become more important, and developing them is still not fully established, questions arise about future research directions involving games in digital learning. Therefore, this study aims to identify the state of the field and determine what is relevant when using game concepts in digital learning. To achieve this goal, we present the results of a bibliometric analysis considering more than 10,000 articles between 2000 and 2019 and summarize them to develop a research agenda. This agenda supports researchers and practitioners in identifying avenues for future research. We contribute to theory by providing a detailed understanding of the relevance of game concepts in digital learning. We propose a research agenda to assist researchers in planning future approaches with and about gamification concepts in digital learning. Practical implications are proposed by demonstrating what should be considered when using game concepts in learning environments.
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S. Schomberg, “EU-Kommission: Entwurf eines Digital Markets Act”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 05042, 2021.
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S. Schomberg, “PRIDS: Forschungsprojekt zu den Auswirkungen von KI auf Privatheit, Demokratie und Selbstbestimmung”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 05270, 2021.
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S. Schomberg and J.-P. Stroscher, “Digitale Kontaktnachverfolgung per App – ist ein Ende der Zettelwirtschaft in Sicht?”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 05138, 2021.
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Schöbel S., M. Schmidt-Kraepelin, A. Janson, and A. Sunyaev, “Adaptive and Personalized Gamification Designs: Call for Action and Future Research”, AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction, vol. 13, no. 4, Art. no. 4, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.17705/1thci.00158.
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Gamification refers to the use of game-like elements in non-entertainment contexts to make activities more engaging and enjoyable to improve utilitarian outcomes. The gamification literature and the use of gamification in practice suggest that gamification can be a useful tool to support behavioral and psychological changes. Recent developments show that there is potential for new waves of gamification research. Therefore, we conducted a workshop at the International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI) 2021 to discuss the future of gamification with interested scholars. The discussion with 25 gamification experts led to a research agenda that supports the need for adaptive and personalized gamification designs. Together with the experts, we identify three clusters for future research: 1) the personalization of gamification concepts, 2) theories and concepts for gamified human-computer interaction, and 3) the “dark side” of gamification (e.g., addiction). We also address what the gamification concept means. Aligned with the three clusters, we provide valuable starting points for future research inquiries to help researchers better understand the nature of gamification. We also discuss the capabilities and limits of gamification.
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B. Simmert, C. Peters, and J. M. Leimeister, “Interne Crowd Work als innovative Form der Arbeitsorganisation”, Service today : das Magazin für Entscheider aus Service, Marketing, Logistik und Technik, vol. 35, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2021.
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[1]
M. Söllner, A. Janson, R. Rietsche, and M. Thiel de Gafenco, “Individualisierung in der beruflichen Bildung durch Hybrid Intelligence. Potentiale und Grenzen”, Zeitschrift für Berufs- und Wirtschaftspädagogik, vol. Beiheft 31, pp. 163–181, 2021, [Online]. Available: http://pubs.wi-kassel.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/JML_835.pdf
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Künstliche Intelligenz durchdringt immer stärker verschiedene Lebensbereiche und macht auch vor der beruflichen Bildung nicht halt. In diesem Zusammenhang gibt es derzeit vielfältige Diskussionen zur Rolle der menschlichen Intelligenz in zukünftigen Arbeitsprozessen und damit verknüpft Fragen zur Auswirkung auf die Aus- und Weiterbildung von Arbeitskräften. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es darzulegen, warum in den kommenden Jahrzehnten die effektive Kombination der komplementären Stärken von menschlicher und künstlicher Intelligenz im Sinne des Hybrid Intelligence (HI)-Gedankens im Vordergrund stehen wird. Anschließend werden Potentiale und Grenzen von HI im Kontext der beruflichen Aus- und Weiterbildung mit besonderem Fokus auf die Individualisierung von Lehr-/Lernprozessen diskutiert.
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T. Stein and L. Schmidt, “Vibrotaktile Codierung von Standardfunktionen einer Menüführung”, Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, vol. 75, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41449-020-00193-z
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Tactons sind taktile Nachrichten, die dem Nutzer Informationen über den haptischen Sinneskanal übermitteln, und können beispielsweise bei der Interaktion mit Touchscreens von Nutzen sein. In dieser Studie wird die systematische Erarbeitung eines Tacton-Sets für Standardfunktionen einer Menüführung (im Einzelnen die Funktionen Beenden, Bestätigen, Hauptmenü, Hilfe, Korrektur, Lauter, Leiser sowie Zurück) vorgestellt. Neben existierenden Erkenntnissen aus der Literatur wurden bei der Gestaltung des Tacton-Sets ebenfalls die Ergebnisse einer Gruppenbefragung berücksichtigt, in der die Teilnehmer Ideen zur konkreten Ausgestaltung der Tactons äußern konnten. Das zunächst entstandene Tacton-Set wurde unter drei standardisierten Versuchsbedingungen von 54 Probanden evaluiert und lieferte eine Gesamterkennungsrate von 0,70 ± 0,19. Die Ergebnisse der einzelnen Tactons wurden analysiert und Verbesserungen hinsichtlich deren Gestaltung umgesetzt. Anschließend wurde das weiterentwickelte Tacton-Set unter den gleichen Versuchsbedingungen wie zuvor erneut von 39 Probanden evaluiert. Die resultierende Gesamterkennungsrate verbesserte sich signifikant auf 0,79 ± 0,18. Praktische Relevanz In alltäglichen Umgebungen mit zunehmender Informationsdichte wird die Übermittlung von Informationen über den haptischen Sinneskanal immer wichtiger. Diese Studie beinhaltet wichtige Erkenntnisse für die Gestaltung und schrittweise Verbesserung von Tactons im Allgemeinen und liefert einen Vorschlag für die konkrete Umsetzung eines Tacton-Sets für genannte Standardfunktionen. Es wird zudem deutlich, dass weitere Forschung nötig ist, um den Einsatz von Tactons zu etablieren.
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J.-P. Stroscher, “IT-Sicherheitsgesetz 2.0 – Was gibt’s Neues?”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 05098, 2021.
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J.-P. Stroscher, “Telekommunikations-Telemedien-Datenschutzgesetz (TTDSG) – Was gibt es Neues?”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 05222, 2021.
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M. Stubbemann and G. Stumme, “The Mont Blanc of Twitter: Identifying Hierarchies of Outstanding Peaks in Social Networks”, arXiv preprint arXiv:2110.13774, 2021.
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M. Stubbemann and G. Stumme, “LG4AV: Combining Language Models and Graph Neural Networks for Author Verification”, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.01479
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J. M. Thomas, S. Beddar-Wiesing, A. Moallemy-Oureh, and R. Nather, “A Note on the Modeling Power of Different Graph Types”, arXiv e-prints, p. arXiv:2109.10708, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.10708
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Graphs can have different properties that lead to several graph types and may allow for a varying representation of diverse information. In order to clarify the modeling power of graphs, we introduce a partial order on the most common graph types based on an expressivity relation. The expressivity relation quantifies how many properties a graph type can encode compared to another type. Additionally, we show that all attributed graph types are equally expressive and have the same modeling power.
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O. Weigelt, A. Schmitt, C. J. Syrek, and S. Ohly, “Exploring the Engaged Worker over Time—A Week-Level Study of How Positive and Negative Work Events Affect Work Engagement”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 18, no. 13, Art. no. 13, 2021.
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[1]
L. Wessel, C. Peters, and F. Niederman, “Using ‘Panel Reports’ to Advance Scholarly Discourse: A Change in Editorial Policy and Guidelines for Authors of ‘Panel Reports’”, Communications of the Association for Information Systems (CAIS), 2021.
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‘Panel reports’ reflect a particular category of submissions that can be made to the Communications of the Association for Information Systems (CAIS). As stated online, panel reports differ from traditional research papers in that “CAIS is open to publishing reports of panels, debates, symposia, workshops and similar events. Such reports have to clearly position the matter of discussion at the event, highlight the relevance of event and topic and outline the different views on the topic that emanated at the events.” (https://aisel.aisnet.org/cais/panel_reports.pdf). While this definition has persisted for some time and still holds true, it leaves room for interpretation what constitutes a contribution and how one knows that a particular paper has made enough of one. The purpose of this editorial is to provide interpretation and elaboration of these principles based on our collective experience with such reports.
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R. Winkler, M. Söllner, and J. M. Leimeister, “Enhancing Problem-Solving Skills with Smart Personal Assistant Technology”, Computers & Education, vol. 165, May 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104148.
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Smart Personal Assistants (SPAs; such as Amazon’s Alexa or Google’s Assistant) let users interact with computers in a more natural and sophisticated way that was not possible before. Although there exists an increasing amount of research of SPA technology in education, empirical evidence of its ability to offer dynamic scaffolding to enhance students problem-solving skills is still scarce. To fill this gap, the aim of this paper is to find out whether interactions with scaffolding-based SPA technology enable students to internalize and apply problem-solving steps on their own in a 10th grade high school and a vocational business school class. Students in the experiment classes completed their assignments using Smart Personal Assistants, whereas students in the control classes completed the same assignments using traditional methods. This study used a mixed-method approach consisting of two field quasi-experiments and one post-experiment focus group discussion. The empirical results revealed that students in the experiment classes acquired significantly more problem-solving skills than those in the control classes (Study 1: p = 0.0396, study 2: p < 0.001), and also uncovered several changes in students’ learning processes. The findings provide first empirical evidence for the value of using SPA technology on skill development in general, and on problem-solving skill development in particular.

2020[ to top ]

[1]
R. Alt, J. M. Leimeister, T. Priemuth, S. Sachse, N. Urbach, and N. Wunderlich, “Software-Defined Business – Implications for IT Management”, Business & Information Systems Engineering, vol. 62, no. 6, Art. no. 6, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s12599-020-00669-6.
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In August 2011 the Wall Street Journal published an essay by Netscape co-founder Marc Andreessen titled “Why software is eating the world”. He argues that “more and more major businesses and industries are being run on software and delivered as online services—from movies to agriculture to national defense. Many of the winners are Silicon Valley-style entrepreneurial technology companies that are invading and overturning established industry structures. […] Companies in every industry need to assume that a software revolution is coming.” (Andreessen 2011). By pointing at examples in various industries from automotive and banking to defense, healthcare, music, retailing, and telecommunications, he illustrates the transformational power of information technology (IT) and software in particular. The discussion is not new and dates back to the early 2000s. For example, Power and Jerjian (2001, p. 99) mention for Heathrow airport that “software is the thing that runs the airport” and in a biological analogy they consider software to be the nervous system. Meanwhile, the large “big tech” software companies (e.g., GAFAM, BATX) have impressively confirmed this development: their digital platforms have spread over many industries with an impact on processes (e.g., interaction and transaction), on products (e.g., app stores and services) as well as on business models (e.g., streaming and as-a-service models). The recent tech-portmanteaus (e.g., Fintech, Insurtech, Regtech) also reflect the attitude of these startup businesses, which perceive themselves rather as IT (tech) companies than as representatives of the industry they are aiming to transform (Meijer and Kapoor 2014). In the same vein, the high valuation of Tesla Motors since early 2020 spurred an intense debate of whether the company is in the automotive or the tech business (e.g., Klebnikov 2020). Obviously, these developments have numerous implications for the field of IT management, which were discussed during a panel at the 82nd Annual German Business Researcher Conference on March 18, 2020. The panel builds on prior discussions regarding the impact of digitalization on IT management. For example, a BISE discussion section in 2017 addressed the implications of the broad trend of digitalization for the field of Business Information Systems Engineering and pointed out new topics, such as digital innovation and transformation, which complement existing competencies (e.g., in modeling and managing enterprise IT). The discussion revealed strong arguments for the strategic role of IT and that business and IT departments as well as academia and practice need to collaborate more closely (Legner et al. 2017). While these statements adopted a rather broad perspective, another discussion section focused on “the impact of digitalization on the IT department” (Urbach et al. 2019). It mentioned important and intricate challenges: On the one hand, IT departments need to move closer to the business units and, on the other hand, they need to constantly update their technological skills in an environment with a high pace of technological innovation. In a world “eaten by software” these developments are equally prevalent and lead to the question how businesses address these challenges, in particular, how they assess the dominant role of software, how activities in managing the software lifecycle should be organized, and what the implications are for the BISE community.
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M. Bereswill, C. Draude, and H.-P. Kuhn, “Ungleiche Präferenzen? Zum Zusammenhang von Studienfachwahl und Geschlechterzuschreibungen”, ZSE Zeitschrift für Soziologie der Erziehung und Sozialisation, vol. 40, no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2020, doi: 10.3262/ZSE2003227.
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Einführung in den Themenschwerpunkt
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M. Bereswill, C. Draude, H.-P. Kuhn, L. M. Bläsing, G. Lumpp, and J. Spitzner, “Ungleiche Präferenzen? Zum Zusammenhang von Studienfachwahl und Geschlecht aus sozialisations- und geschlechtertheoretischer Perspektive am Beispiel des Studienfachs Informatik”, ZSE Zeitschrift für Soziologie der Erziehung und Sozialisation, vol. 40, no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2020, doi: 10.3262/ZSE2003231.
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Insgesamt zeigen sich bei der Studienfachwahl in Deutschland teilweise große Unterschiede zwischen den Geschlechtern. So studieren Frauen deutlich seltener als Männer Fächer im MINT-Bereich, Männer dagegen deutlich seltener Fächer im sozialen Bereich. Der Beitrag stellt die Frage, warum solche Ungleichheiten trotz zahlreicher bildungspolitischer Interventionen stabil bleiben und sich auf der Ebene der individuellen Entscheidungen entsprechend konventionelle Orientierungen zeigen. Zunächst werden verschiedene Einflussfaktoren hinsichtlich der Studienfachwahl unter einer sozialisations- und entwicklungstheoretischen Perspektive in den Blick genommen. Im Anschluss daran werden die beharrlichen Unterschiede in den individuellen Orientierungen und Entscheidungen von Mädchen und Jungen aus einer geschlechtertheoretischen Perspektive als strukturelle Ungleichheiten eingeordnet. Zuletzt werden die mit diesen strukturellen Ungleichheiten zusammenhängenden Dynamiken von Öffnungen und Schließungen eines sozialen Feldes am Beispiel des Fachs Informatik weiter konkretisiert und es wird gezeigt, dass Veränderungen nur greifen können, wenn eine Fachkultur sich im Hinblick auf systematische Öffnungen wandelt. Im Fazit wird dafür plädiert, die verschiedenen Forschungsstränge und Theorieperspektiven, die im Beitrag aufgenommen werden, in Zukunft noch stärker zu verbinden.
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M. S. Billert, T. Weinert, A. Janson, and J. M. Leimeister, “Co-Creation durch Peers im digitalen Lernen – Wie Plattformen und Chatbots die Partizipation bei der Lernmaterialerstellung begleiten können”, HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik, vol. 57, no. 4, Art. no. 4, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1365/s40702-020-00636-5.
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Die Arbeit in Industrieunternehmen verändert sich auf Grund der Digitalisierung grundlegend. Entwicklungen in der Automatisierungstechnik können in naher Zukunft einen Teil der Arbeit von Arbeitnehmenden ersetzen. Dadurch wird es notwendig sein, sich auf die sich schnell wechselnden Qualifikationsanforderungen aus diesem Digitalisierungsprozess einzustellen. Hierzu gehört einerseits die schnelle Reaktionsfähigkeit auf die fortlaufenden Veränderungen, die in Unternehmen stattfinden, beispielsweise die Einbettung neuer Technologien in Arbeitsprozesse. Andererseits aber auch die notwendigen Upskilling-Prozesse, die durch den Einsatz neuer Technologien notwendig werden. Für beide Aspekte sind aber entsprechende Angebote zur Schulung notwendig, die sich flexibel auf die Bedarfe anpassen. Digitale Lernservices ermöglichen dabei auf die individuellen Arbeitssituation von Mitarbeitenden zu reagieren und im Sinne der Co-Creation den Prozess der gemeinsamen Erstellung von Lern- sowie Schulungsmaterialien durch die Einbindung mehrerer Akteure zu steuern.
[1]
L. M. Bläsing and C. Draude, “Geschlechterforschungen zwischen Reflexion und Reproduktion bestehender Bilder von Informatik”, ZSE Zeitschrift für Soziologie der Erziehung und Sozialisation, vol. 40, no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2020, doi: 10.3262/ZSE2003276.
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Seit Jahrzehnten wird die geschlechtliche Verteilung von Studierenden in MINT bzw. der Informatik aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven in den Blick genommen. Aus Sicht geschlechtertheoretischer Forschungen werden dafür unter anderem geschlechtliche Codierungen der Fächer gesehen, in denen sich alltägliches Geschlechterwissen und strukturelle Ungleichheiten manifestieren. In Bildern und Annahmen, die Schüler*innen und Studierende über die jeweiligen Fächer haben, werden diese vergeschlechtlichten Codierungen sichtbar. Der Beitrag fasst Ergebnisse ausgewählter Literatur zu Bildern von Informatik zusammen. Sie zeigen, wie die Befragten Informatik als männliches, weißes und westliches Fach konstruieren, welches Zugangs- und Aufstiegsmöglichkeiten mindestens einschränkt und ‚das Andere‘, also beispielsweise Frauen/Weiblichkeit, alles nicht-westliche, nicht-weiße – bzw. was diesen Begriffen zugeschrieben wird – abwertet. Beiträge zu Informatikbildern laufen jedoch Gefahr, bestehende Bilder zu reproduzieren. Deshalb werden in der untersuchten Literatur Leerstellen und Perspektiven aufgezeigt, die zu einer intersektionalen, reflektierten Forschung über Informatik(bilder) beitragen können.
[1]
I. Blohm, S. Zogaj, U. Bretschneider, and J. M. Leimeister, “How to Manage Crowdsourcing Platforms Effectively”, NIM Marketing Intelligence Review, vol. 12, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/nimmir-2020-0003.
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Crowdsourced tasks are very diverse – and so are platform types. They fall into four categories, each demanding different governance mechanisms. The main goal of microtasking crowdsourcing platforms is the scalable and time-efficient batch processing of highly repetitive tasks. Crowdsourcing platforms for information pooling aggregate contributions such as votes, opinions, assessments and forecasts through approaches such as averaging, summation, or visualization. Broadcast search platforms collect contributions to solve tasks in order to gain alternative insights and solutions from people outside the organization, and are particularly suited for solving challenging technical, analytical, scientific, or creative problems. Open collaboration platforms invite contributors to team up to jointly solve complex problems in cases where solutions require the integration of distributed knowledge and the skills of many contributors. Companies establishing crowdsourcing platforms of any type should continuously monitor and adjust their governance mechanisms. Quality and quantity of contributions, project runtime, or the effort for conducting the crowdsourcing project may be good starting points.
[1]
D. Borchmann, T. Hanika, and S. Obiedkov, “Probably approximately correct learning of Horn envelopes from queries”, Discrete Applied Mathematics, vol. 273, pp. 30–42, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dam.2019.02.036.
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We propose an algorithm for learning the Horn envelope of an arbitrary domain using an expert, or an oracle, capable of answering certain types of queries about this domain. Attribute exploration from formal concept analysis is a procedure that solves this problem, but the number of queries it may ask is exponential in the size of the resulting Horn formula in the worst case. We recall a well-known polynomial-time algorithm for learning Horn formulas with membership and equivalence queries and modify it to obtain a polynomial-time probably approximately correct algorithm for learning the Horn envelope of an arbitrary domain.
[1]
L. Britton and H. Pritchard, “For CS”, Interactions, vol. 27, no. 4, Art. no. 4, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1145/3406838.
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[1]
L. Britton and H. Pritchard, “CS FIELD MANUAL”, Arts of the Working Class, 2020, [Online]. Available: http://artsoftheworkingclass.org/text/for-cs
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[1]
E. Dickhaut, A. Janson, and J. M. Leimeister, “Wie können Systeme künstlicher Intelligenz ohne Qualitätsverlust rechtsverträglich gestaltet werden?”, Wirtschaftsinformatik & Management, vol. 12, no. 2, Art. no. 2, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1365/s35764-020-00249-z.
- [ Abstract ]
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Künstliche intelligente (KI)-Systeme erfreuen sich immer größerer Beliebtheit. Im Alltag erleben wir KI beispielsweise durch smarte persönliche Assistenten (SPAs), welche von Amazon, Google und Co. angeboten werden. Zwar haben diese KI-Systeme große Nutzungspotenziale, gleichzeitig gehen damit aber auch erhebliche Risiken einher, beispielsweise datenschutzrechtliche. Doch wie lassen sich diese Spannungsfelder auflösen? Interdisziplinäre Gestaltungsmuster im Systementwicklungsprozess können eine Lösung darstellen, welche nachfolgend mit Handlungsimplikationen für gesellschaftlich wünschenswerte „KI made in Germany“ skizziert wird.
[1]
E. Dickhaut, A. Janson, A. Roßnagel, and J. M. Leimeister, “Interdisziplinäre Anforderungsmuster für smarte persönliche Assistenten - Mittel zu Erfassung divergenter Anforderungen aus Informatik und Recht”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit (DuD), vol. 44, no. 9, Art. no. 9, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11623-020-1328-7.
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Bei der Entwicklung smarter persönlicher Assistenten können Anforderungsmuster helfen, die oftmals konfliktären Anforderungen zu systematisieren und miteinander in Einklang zu bringen. Sie können wiederkehrende rechtliche und qualitative Anforderungen in einer für Entwickler verständlichen Form darstellen und so helfen, sie im Entwicklungsprozess besser zu berücksichtigen.
[1]
E. Dickhaut, L. F. Thies, and A. Janson, “Die Kodifizierung von Gestaltungswissen in interdisziplinären Entwurfsmustern - Lösungen im Spannungsfeld zwischen Rechtsverträglichkeit und Dienstleistungsqualität”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit (DuD), pp. 584–588, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11623-020-1329-6.
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In der Entwicklung informationstechnischer Systeme entstehen oft Zielkonflikte, die durch Gestaltung der Systeme aufgelöst werden müssen. Hierfür fehlt es Entwicklern, insbesondere bei Konflikten zwischen Rechtsverträglichkeit und Dienstleistungsqualität, oft an dem notwendigen Wissen und der erforderlichen Gestaltungserfahrung. Hier können Entwurfsmuster weiterhelfen. Der Beitrag stellt am Beispiel Smarter Persönlicher Assistenten einen Ansatz vor, in dem Entwurfsmuster interdisziplinäres Gestaltungswissen zusammenführen, geht auf die Besonderheiten des Gestaltungswissens der beiden Disziplinen ein und stellt ein beispielhaftes Entwurfsmuster vor.
[1]
C. Draude, G. Klumbytė, P. Lücking, and P. Treusch, “Situated algorithms: a sociotechnical systemic approach to bias”, Online Information Review, vol. 44, no. 2, Art. no. 2, 2020, doi: 10.1108/OIR-10-2018-0332.
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[1]
D. Durward, I. Blohm, and J. M. Leimeister, “The Nature of Crowd Work and its Effects on Individuals’ Work Perception”, Journal of Management Information Systems (JMIS), vol. 37, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2020, [Online]. Available: http://pubs.wi-kassel.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/JML_766.pdf
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Crowd work reflects a new form of gainful employment on the Internet. We study how the nature of the tasks being performed and financial compensation jointly shape work perceptions of crowd workers in order to better understand the changing modes and patterns of digital work. Surveying individuals on 23 German crowd working platforms, this work is the first to add a multi-platform perspective on perceived working conditions in crowd work. We show that crowd workers need rather high levels of financial compensation before task characteristics become relevant for shaping favorable perceptions of working conditions. We explain these results by considering financial compensation as an informational cue indicating the appreciation of working effort that is internalized by well-paid crowd workers. Resulting boundary conditions for task design are discussed. These results help us understand when and under what conditions crowd work can be regarded as a fulfilling type of employment in highly developed countries.
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M. Felde, T. Hanika, and G. Stumme, “Null Models for Formal Contexts”, Information, vol. 11, no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/11/3/135
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[1]
C. Geminn, “Frankreich: Bewertung der Tracing-App ‚StopCovid‘ durch die CNIL”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 11, Art. no. 11, 2020.
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[1]
C. Geminn, “USA: Entwurf eines Data Accountability and Transparency Act of 2020 vorgelegt”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 13, Art. no. 13, 2020.
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[1]
C. Geminn, “Menschenwürde und menschenähnliche Maschinen und Systeme”, Die Öffentliche Verwaltung, vol. 73, pp. 172–181, May 2020.
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[1]
C. Geminn, “Japan: Nach der Reform ist vor der Reform”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 19, Art. no. 19, 2020.
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[1]
C. Geminn, “Digitalisierung und verletzliche Gruppen im Recht”, Kritische Vierteljahresschrift für Gesetzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft, vol. 103, pp. 254–288, Mar. 2020.
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[1]
C. Geminn, “CNIL schließt Bewertung der App ‚StopCovid‘ ab”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, no. 8, Art. no. 8, 2020, [Online]. Available: http://www.corona.forum-privatheit.de/
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[1]
C. Geminn, “Japan: Evaluation des Act on the Protection of Personal Information”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, p. XVI-XVII, Mar. 2020.
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[1]
C. Geminn, “Betroffenenrechte verbessern – Überarbeitungsbedarf der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, pp. 307–311, May 2020.
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[1]
C. Geminn, “Gesetzesinitiative zur Schaffung einer Federal Data Protection Agency in den USA”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 07025, May 2020.
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[1]
C. Geminn, “EU-Kommission: Leitlinien zu Datenschutzstandards für Corona-Apps”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 9, Art. no. 9, 2020, [Online]. Available: http://www.corona.forum-privatheit.de/
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[1]
C. Geminn and L. Charalampos, “Stellungnahmen zur Evaluation der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 07024, May 2020.
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[1]
C. Geminn, S. Jessica, W. Carina, A. André, and V. Lina, “Kinder als Nutzende smarter Sprachassistenten – Spezieller Gestaltungsbedarf zum Schutz von Kindern”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, pp. 600–605, Sep. 2020.
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[1]
C. Gilga, “EDSB: Überwachung sozialer Medien - Social Media Monitoring”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 07022, 2020.
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C. Gilga, “Beschäftigtendatenschutz und Covid-19: Daten sicher im Homeoffice?”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 07113, 2020.
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[1]
T. Hanika, F. M. Schneider, and G. Stumme, “Intrinsic Dimension of Geometric Data Sets”, Accepted for publication in: Tohoku Mathematical Journal, 2020, [Online]. Available: http://arxiv.org/abs/1801.07985
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The curse of dimensionality is a phenomenon frequently observed in machine learning (ML) and knowledge discovery (KD). There is a large body of literature investigating its origin and impact, using methods from mathematics as well as from computer science. Among the mathematical insights into data dimensionality, there is an intimate link between the dimension curse and the phenomenon of measure concentration, which makes the former accessible to methods of geometric analysis. The present work provides a comprehensive study of the intrinsic geometry of a data set, based on Gromov's metric measure geometry and Pestov's axiomatic approach to intrinsic dimension. In detail, we define a concept of geometric data set and introduce a metric as well as a partial order on the set of isomorphism classes of such data sets. Based on these objects, we propose and investigate an axiomatic approach to the intrinsic dimension of geometric data sets and establish a concrete dimension function with the desired properties. Our mathematical model for data sets and their intrinsic dimension is computationally feasible and, moreover, adaptable to specific ML/KD-algorithms, as illustrated by various experiments.
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J. Henze, M. Siefert, S. Bremicker-Trübelhorn, N. Asanalieva, and B. Sick, “Probabilistic upscaling and aggregation of wind power forecasts”, Energy, Sustainability and Society, vol. 10, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.1186/s13705-020-00247-4.
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Wind power forecasts of the expected wind feed-in for the next hours or days are necessary to integrate the generated volatile wind energy into power systems. Most forecasting models predict in some sense the best value, but they ignore the other possible outcomes which may arise because of forecasting uncertainties. Probabilistic forecasts, on the other hand, also predict a distribution of possible outcomes with their respective probabilities that specific power values will occur and therefore have higher information content. In this work, we address two problems that hinder the introduction of probabilistic forecasts in practice: (1) no measurement data are available for some wind farms and (2) the flexible aggregation of probabilistic forecasts for changing wind farm portfolios.
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G. Hornung and C. Gilga, “Einmal öffentlich - für immer schutzlos? Die Zulässigkeit der Verarbeitung öffentlicher personenbezogener Daten”, Computer und Recht, pp. 367–379, 2020.
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G. Hornung and B. Wagner, “Anonymisierung als datenschutzrelevante Verarbeitung? Rechtliche Anforderungen und Grenzen für die Anonymisierung personenbezogener Daten”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, vol. 5, pp. 223–228, 2020.
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[1]
A. Janson, M. Söllner, and J. M. Leimeister, “Ladders for Learning: Is Scaffolding the Key to Teaching Problem Solving in Technology-mediated Learning Contexts?”, Academy of Management Learning & Education (AMLE), vol. 19, no. 4, Art. no. 4, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.5465/amle.2018.0078.
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The success of innovative teaching/learning approaches aiming to foster problem solving in management education depends on useful and easy-to-use IT components in the learning process. However, the complexity of problem solving in self-regulated learning approaches may overwhelm the learner and can lead to unsatisfying learning outcomes. Research suggests the implementation of technology-enhanced scaffolds as a mechanism to guide the learners in their individual problem-solving process to enhance their learning outcomes. We present a theoretical model based on adaptive structuration theory and cognitive load theory that explains how technology-enhanced scaffolding contributes to learning outcomes. We test the model with a fully randomized between-subject experiment in a flipped classroom for management education focusing on individual problem solving. Our results show that technology-enhanced scaffolding contributes significantly to the management of cognitive load as well as to learning process satisfaction and problem-solving learning outcomes. Thereby, our paper provides new conceptual and empirically tested insights for a better understanding of technology-enhanced scaffolds and their design to assist problem solving and its respective effects in flipped classrooms for management education.
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P. Johannes, “USA: Mögliche Auswirkungen der Präsidentschaft Joe Bidens auf den Datenschutz”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 07441, 2020.
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P. Johannes, “Gegenüberstellung – Schadensersatz nach BDSG, JI-Richtlinie und DS-GVO”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06925, 2020.
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P. Johannes, “Bedarf an und Inhalt eines Gesetzes für Corona-Tracing-Apps”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 07114, 2020.
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P. Johannes, “GEMIMEG II: Sensoren und digitale Zwillinge – sichere und robuste kalibrierte Messsysteme”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 07280, 2020.
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P. Johannes, “Zertifizierung von Datenverarbeitungsvorgängen bei der Polizei”, Die Polizei, no. 10, Art. no. 10, 2020.
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P. Johannes, “Sicherheit der Datenverarbeitung nach § 64 BDSG im Vergleich zur JI-Richtlinie und DS-GVO”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06875, 2020.
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[1]
P. Johannes and Z. D., “Gegenüberstellung HDSIG zu BDSG, DS-GVO und JI-RL”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06977, 2020.
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[1]
G. Klumbytė and L. Britton, “Said the Bot to the Computer: 57th collected significant residue transmission between MIT and SliMoSA3”, Arts of the Working Class, no. 120, Art. no. 120, 2020, [Online]. Available: http://artsoftheworkingclass.org/text/said-the-bot-to-the-computer
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[1]
G. Klumbytė and L. Britton, “Abstracting Otherwise: In Search for a Common Strategy of Arts and Computing”, ASAP/Journal, vol. 5, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.1353/asa.2020.0001.
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[1]
R. Knote, L. F. Thies, M. Söllner, S. Jandt, J. M. Leimeister, and A. Roßnagel, “Rechtsverträgliche und qualitätszentrierte Gestaltung für ‚KI made in Germany‘ – Ein interdisziplinärer Ansatz am Beispiel smarter persönlicher Assistenten”, Informatik Spektrum, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s00287-020-01252-9.
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Künstlich intelligente (KI) Systeme erfreuen sich immer größerer Beliebtheit. Insbesondere smarte persönliche Assistenten (SPAs) von Amazon, Google und vielen weiteren verzeichnen ein stetiges Marktwachstum. Den vielfältigen Potenzialen dieser KI-Systeme stehen jedoch auch zahlreiche Risiken gegenüber. Berichte von Datenpannen und -lecks häufen sich und haben bei Nutzern eine zunehmende Skepsis zur Folge, was zu einem gespaltenen Bild von KI in der Gesellschaft beiträgt. Diesem Problem stellt sich das Forschungsprojekt AnEkA mit einem interdisziplinären Gestaltungsansatz. Auf Basis von Rechts- und Qualitätszielen werden Anforderungen an rechtsverträgliche und qualitativ hochwertige SPAs abgeleitet. Zusätzlich werden Gestaltungsalternativen identifiziert, die diese Anforderungen unter Berücksichtigung möglicher Zielkonflikte umsetzen. Ergebnis des Projekts sind Entwurfsmuster, die Entwicklern von SPAs dabei helfen sollen, rechtsverträgliche und qualitativ hochwertige SPAs und KI-Systeme im Allgemeinen zu entwickeln. Dadurch soll das Alleinstellungsmerkmal einer „KI made in Germany`` entstehen, welche sowohl die Bedürfnisse von Nutzern berücksichtigt und sie ebenfalls bestmöglich vor Risiken der Systemnutzung schützt. Dieser Beitrag erläutert das interdisziplinäre Vorgehen anhand eines Szenarios zur Nutzung von SPAs.
[1]
R. Knote, L. F. Thies, M. Söllner, S. Jandt, J. M. Leimeister, and A. Roßnagel, “Rechtsverträgliche und qualitätszentrierte Gestaltung für „KI made in Germany“”, Informatik Spektrum, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s00287-020-01252-9.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ URL ]
- [ DOI ]
- [ BibSonomy-Post ]
Künstlich intelligente (KI) Systeme erfreuen sich immer größerer Beliebtheit. Insbesondere smarte persönliche Assistenten (SPAs) von Amazon, Google und vielen weiteren verzeichnen ein stetiges Marktwachstum. Den vielfältigen Potenzialen dieser KI-Systeme stehen jedoch auch zahlreiche Risiken gegenüber. Berichte von Datenpannen und -lecks häufen sich und haben bei Nutzern eine zunehmende Skepsis zur Folge, was zu einem gespaltenen Bild von KI in der Gesellschaft beiträgt. Diesem Problem stellt sich das Forschungsprojekt AnEkA mit einem interdisziplinären Gestaltungsansatz. Auf Basis von Rechts- und Qualitätszielen werden Anforderungen an rechtsverträgliche und qualitativ hochwertige SPAs abgeleitet. Zusätzlich werden Gestaltungsalternativen identifiziert, die diese Anforderungen unter Berücksichtigung möglicher Zielkonflikte umsetzen. Ergebnis des Projekts sind Entwurfsmuster, die Entwicklern von SPAs dabei helfen sollen, rechtsverträgliche und qualitativ hochwertige SPAs und KI-Systeme im Allgemeinen zu entwickeln. Dadurch soll das Alleinstellungsmerkmal einer „KI made in Germany`` entstehen, welche sowohl die Bedürfnisse von Nutzern berücksichtigt und sie ebenfalls bestmöglich vor Risiken der Systemnutzung schützt. Dieser Beitrag erläutert das interdisziplinäre Vorgehen anhand eines Szenarios zur Nutzung von SPAs.
[1]
R. Knote, L. F. Thies, M. Söllner, S. Jandt, J. M. Leimeister, and A. Roßnagel, “Rechtsverträgliche und qualitätszentrierte Gestaltung für „KI made in Germany“”, Informatik Spektrum, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00287-020-01252-9.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ URL ]
- [ DOI ]
- [ BibSonomy-Post ]
Künstlich intelligente (KI) Systeme erfreuen sich immer größerer Beliebtheit. Insbesondere smarte persönliche Assistenten (SPAs) von Amazon, Google und vielen weiteren verzeichnen ein stetiges Marktwachstum. Den vielfältigen Potenzialen dieser KI-Systeme stehen jedoch auch zahlreiche Risiken gegenüber. Berichte von Datenpannen und -lecks häufen sich und haben bei Nutzern eine zunehmende Skepsis zur Folge, was zu einem gespaltenen Bild von KI in der Gesellschaft beiträgt. Diesem Problem stellt sich das Forschungsprojekt AnEkA mit einem interdisziplinären Gestaltungsansatz. Auf Basis von Rechts- und Qualitätszielen werden Anforderungen an rechtsverträgliche und qualitativ hochwertige SPAs abgeleitet. Zusätzlich werden Gestaltungsalternativen identifiziert, die diese Anforderungen unter Berücksichtigung möglicher Zielkonflikte umsetzen. Ergebnis des Projekts sind Entwurfsmuster, die Entwicklern von SPAs dabei helfen sollen, rechtsverträgliche und qualitativ hochwertige SPAs und KI-Systeme im Allgemeinen zu entwickeln. Dadurch soll das Alleinstellungsmerkmal einer „KI made in Germany“ entstehen, welche sowohl die Bedürfnisse von Nutzern berücksichtigt und sie ebenfalls bestmöglich vor Risiken der Systemnutzung schützt. Dieser Beitrag erläutert das interdisziplinäre Vorgehen anhand eines Szenarios zur Nutzung von SPAs.
[1]
J. Kropf, “Stratifikation in der digitalen Bewertungsgesellschaft. Eine Fallanalyse der Folge "Nosedive" aus der SF-Serie ‘Black Mirror’”, Berliner Debatte Initial, vol. 31, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2020.
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[1]
L. Lena, “NORA: Gestaltung von kollaborativen kontextsensitiven mobilen Anwendungen”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 07387, 2020.
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[1]
N. Lipusch, D. Dellermann, U. Bretschneider, P. Ebel, and J. M. Leimeister, “Designing for Crowdfunding Co-creation: How to Leverage the Potential of Backers for Product Development”, Business & Information Systems Engineering (BISE), vol. 62, no. 6, Art. no. 6, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s12599-019-00628-w.
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Crowdfunding is now established as a valid alternative to conventional methods of financing for startups. Unfortunately, to date, research has not investigated how backers can be encouraged to support entrepreneurs beyond funding. The aim of this study is to design and evaluate certain design elements for reward-based crowdfunding platforms that can engage backers in co-creational activities for product development. The study uses a design science research (DSR) approach and the theoretical concept of psychological ownership to inform a new design and then experimentally test that design. The results suggest that the derived artifacts positively influence co-creational activities in crowdfunding and that feelings of psychological ownership play an important mediating role. The contribution of this research is threefold. First, this paper extends crowdfunding’s application potential from merely a method of financing to a method of value creation with customers for product development. Second, the study advances DSR by applying a new DSR approach that shows whether a design performs as hypothesized by theory. Third, this research allows the exploration of backers’ individual behavior as opposed to their collective behavior.
[1]
L. I. Löber, “Abschluss des Forschungsprojekts ‚Desinformation aufdecken und bekämpfen‘ (DORIAN)”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06980, 2020.
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[1]
P. B. Lowry, S. Petter, and J. M. Leimeister, “Desperately Seeking the Artefacts and the Foundations of Native Theory in Gamification Research: Why Information Systems Researchers Can Play a Legitimate Role in this Discourse and How They Can Better Contribute”, European Journal of Information Systems (EJIS), vol. 29, no. 4, Art. no. 4, 2020, doi: 10.1080/0960085X.2020.1841574.
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Gamification has taken the world by storm. Regardless of where one stands on gamification, it can aptly be described as interesting but also galvanising and controversial. We are pleased to write a provocative editorial to kick off this special issue on gamification in the European Journal of Information Systems. Our position is that the information systems (IS) discipline has the opportunity to play an outsized role in navigating the discourse of gamification-an increasingly influential, interdisciplinary discourse in research and practice. We assert that active engagement in the gamification discourse is a compelling IS research opportunity, given the growing, globalised platform-based economy. Consequently, we frame our editorial with the knowledge we have gained as IS researchers who engage in gamification research in an effort to share what we have learned about artefacts and original theorisation with both IS and gamification scholars. We do so by proposing a pragmatic path forward for gamification and IS researchers who wish to contribute to these related discourses, both individually and in the form of the combined IS-gamification discourse. We propose a framework of three practices that we are confident can more systematically generate the key theoretical artefacts needed to generate native theory in the IS-gamification discourse and hence to improve the associated research and practice. Foundational to this framework is our paradigm, which advocates active engagement with IS-gamification research and practice, as bridged by a strong focus on design thinking and generating artefacts that are foundational to theory generation.
[1]
H. Lurtz, “Positionspapier des Rates der Europäischen Union zur Anwendung der DS-GVO”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06978, 2020.
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[1]
H. Lurtz, “Bewertungstechnologien im Beschäftigungsverhältnis – eine (erste) datenschutzrechtliche Bewertung”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06926, 2020.
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[1]
H. Lurtz and E. Bicer, “Im Auge des Datenschutzes - Haushaltsausnahme bei Datenbrillen”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 07115, 2020.
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[1]
H. Lurtz and J.-P. Stroscher, “Enquete-Kommission: Wie steht es um die „Künstliche Intelligenz“ in Deutschland?”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 07440, 2020.
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[1]
N. Maier, S. Lins, A. Teigeler, A. Roßnagel, and A. Sunyaev, “AUDITOR: Einreichung des Zertifizierungsprogramms bei der deutschen Akkreditierungsstelle”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 9, Art. no. 9, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://beck-online.beck.de/?vpath=bibdata%2fzeits%2fZDAKTUELL%2f2020%2fcont%2fZDAKTUELL%2e2020%2e07119%2ehtm
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[1]
N. Miedzianowski, “Arbeitsrecht und Covid-19”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 07071, Jul. 2020.
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[1]
N. Miedzianowski, C. Geminn, and P. Johannes, “Datenschutz nach Corona - was ist da, was bleibt, was kommt?”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 07073, 2020.
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[1]
J. Müller, “Daten gegen die Pandemie – TK-Verkehrsdaten und technische Mittel: Rechtsstaat und Ausnahmezustand?”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 07072, 2020.
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[1]
J. Müller, “Nutzung von Mobildaten zur Eindämmung der Pandemie - Anforderungen an eine datenschutzrechtsverträgliche technische Gestaltung”, Multimedia und Recht, pp. 355–360, Jun. 2020.
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[1]
J. Müller and C. Geminn, “Germany’s Search for a Viable Tracing App”, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://blogdroiteuropeen.com/
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[1]
J. Müller and C. Geminn, “COVID-19 and Data Protection in Germany”, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://blogdroiteuropeen.com/
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[1]
M. Nebel, “Tagungsbericht zur Jahreskonferenz des Forum Privatheit „Aufwachsen in überwachten Umgebungen – Wie lässt sich Datenschutz in Schule und Kinderzimmer umsetzen?“”, ZD-aktuell, p. 06929, 2020.
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[1]
Q.-H. Nguyen, M. Morold, K. David, and F. Dressler, “Car-to-Pedestrian communication with MEC-support for adaptive safety of Vulnerable Road Users”, Computer Communications, vol. 150, pp. 83–93, Jan. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2019.10.033.
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Car-to-Pedestrian (Car2P) communication has a huge potential for preventing potential accidents between pedestrians and vehicles by exchanging context information. Similar communication principles have been explored for Car-to-Car (C2C) communication since quite a while and are now being deployed as an additional safety mechanism. Unfortunately, Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) such as pedestrians and bicyclists are not yet covered by these systems. Looking at pedestrians, we explore possibilities for the exchange of relevant safety mechanisms between pedestrians and cars making use of readily available communication capabilities of current LTE networks. Necessary activity and collision detection algorithms have to be run on the users’ smartphones in order to determine the criticality of the situation. In order to improve both the overall system latency and the energy efficiency of the smartphone applications, we suggest the use of Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC). We implemented the system to perform measurements on the smartphone side as well as extensive simulations on the networking side. Our results clearly show the advantages of our concept and the integrated MEC approach.
[1]
S. Nolan, S. K. Rumi, C. Anderson, K. David, and F. D. Salim, “Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Social Roles and Emotions while Working from Home.”, CoRR, vol. abs/2007.12353, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.12353
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[1]
C. Ochs, B. Büttner, and J. Lamla, “Trading Social Visibility for Economic Amenability: Data-Based Value Translation on a ‘Health- and Fitness-Platform’”, Science, Technology & Human Values, vol. 46, no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0162243920928138
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[1]
V. Pejović, M. Gjoreski, C. Anderson, K. David, and M. Luštrek, “Toward Cognitive Load Inference for Attention Management in Ubiquitous Systems”, IEEE Pervasive Computing, vol. 19, no. 2, Art. no. 2, 2020.
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[1]
A. Roßnagel, “Der Datenschutz von Kindern in der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung – Vorschläge für die Evaluierung und Fortentwicklung”, ZD, no. 2, Art. no. 2, 2020.
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[1]
A. Roßnagel and C. Geminn, “Zwei Jahre Datenschutz-Grundverordnung – eine Bilanz aus Verbrauchersicht”, vol. 59, no. 3-4, Art. no. 3-4, 2020.
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[1]
K. Scharei, F. Heidecker, and M. Bieshaar, “Knowledge Representations in Technical Systems - A Taxonomy.”, CoRR, vol. abs/2001.04835, 2020, [Online]. Available: http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/corr/corr2001.html#abs-2001-04835
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[1]
S. Schöbel, “A Research Agenda for the Why, What, and How of Gamification Designs Results on an ECIS 2019 Panel”, Communications of the Association for Information Systems, vol. 46, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.17705/1CAIS.04630.
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This report summarizes the discussion in a panel session on gamification designs at the 2019 European Conference on Information Systems in Stockholm, Sweden. The panel explores a research agenda for gamification design. The “what, why, and how” are considered to analyze the current state of the art of gamification research. An adapted defini-tion of gamification is presented as one outcome of the workshop to better describe what gamification is and what it can be used for. “Why” and “how” to employ gamification are discussed for different contexts. This can be used to gamify information systems, identity outcomes that are addressed by gamification concepts, and explore new ways of how to gamify. Overall, the panel presents new areas for future research and practice by identifying innovative ways to bring existing gamification concepts to a more impactful level.
[1]
S. Schöbel, A. Janson, and M. Söllner, “Capturing the complexity of gamification elements: a holistic approach for analysing existing and deriving novel gamification designs”, European Journal on Information Systems (EJIS), vol. 29, no. 6, Art. no. 6, Oct. 2020, doi: 0.1080/0960085X.2020.1796531.
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Gamification is a well-known approach that refers to the use of elements to increase the motivation of information systems users. A remaining challenge in gamification is that no shared understanding of the meaning and classification of gamification elements currently exists. This impedes guidance concerning analysis and development of gamification concepts, and often results in non-effective gamification designs. The goal of our research is to consolidate current gamification research and rigorously develop a taxonomy, as well as to demonstrate how a systematic classification of gamification elements can provide guidance for the gamification of information systems and improve understanding of existing gamification concepts. To achieve our goal, we develop a taxonomic classification of gamification elements before evaluating this taxonomy using expert interviews. Furthermore, we provide evidence as to the taxonomy’s feasibility using two practical cases: First, we show how our taxonomy helps to analyse existing gamification concepts; second, we show how our taxonomy can be used for guiding the gamification of information systems. We enrich theory by introducing a novel taxonomy to better explain the characteristics of gamification elements, which will be valuable for both gamification analysis and design. This paper will help guide practitioners to select and combine gamification elements for their gamification concepts.
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S. Schomberg and J.-P. Stroscher, “Corona-Virus - eine Herausforderung auch für den Datenschutz?”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 07074, 2020.
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J.-P. Stroscher, S. Schomberg, A. Heinrich, and T. Grube, “Datensicherheit von Corona-Apps nach der DSGVO”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, pp. 501–505, 2020.
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J.-P. Stroscher, “LOEWE: The Emergency Responsive Digital City - Die Resiliente Digitale Stadt”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 07023, 2020.
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[1]
L. F. Thies, E. Dickhaut, A. Janson, A. Roßnagel, J. M. Leimeister, and M. Söllner, “Die Simulationsstudie als Evaluationsmethode - Interdisziplinäre Evaluation eines smarten persönlichen Assistenten”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit (DuD), vol. 44, no. 9, Art. no. 9, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11623-020-1330-0.
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Um die Gestaltung datenschutzgerechter Techniksysteme erproben zu können, bietet sich die Methode der Simulationsstudie an. Am Beispiel eines smarten persönlichen Lernassistenten zeigt der Beitrag, wie mit Hilfe einer Simulationsstudie die Systemgestaltung unter Einsatz von Anforderungs- und Entwurfsmustern in sozialer Aktion überprüft werden kann.
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L. F. Thies, S. Jandt, R. Knote, and M. Söllner, “Konfliktäre Anforderungen an smarte persönliche Assistenten.”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit - DuD, vol. 44, no. 9, Art. no. 9, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s11623-020-1327-8.
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Bei der Entwicklung smarter persönlicher Assistenten müssen Anforderungen aus unterschiedlichennormativen Bereichen berücksichtigt werden. Am Beispiel der Dienstleistungsqualität und der Rechtsverträglichkeitwerden Anforderungen entwickelt, Zielkonflikte identifiziert und Lösungsansätze, mit denen diesepotentiell konfliktären Ziele miteinander in Einklang gebracht werden können, erörtert.
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R. Winkler, R. O. Briggs, G.-J. de Vreede, J. M. Leimeister, S. Oeste-Reiss, and M. Söllner, “Modeling Support for Mass Collaboration in Open Innovation Initiatives-The Facilitation Process Model 2.0”, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, vol. 69, no. 2, Art. no. 2, 2020, doi: 10.1109/TEM.2020.2975938.
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Many governments and organizations recognize the potential of open innovation (OI) models to create value with large numbers of people beyond the organization. It can be challenging , however, to design an effective collaborative process for a massive group. Collaboration engineering (CE) is an approach for the design and deployment of repeatable collaborative work practices that can be executed by practitioners themselves without the ongoing support of external collaboration engineers. To manage the complexity of the design process, they use a modeling technique called facilitation process models (FPM) to capture high-level design decisions that serve different purposes, such as documenting and communicating a design, etc. FPM, however, was developed to support designs for groups of fewer than 100 people. It does not yet represent design elements that become important when designing for groups of hundreds or thousands of participants, which can be found in many OI settings. We use a design science approach to identify the limitations of the original FPM and derive requirements for extending FPM. This article contributes to the CE and to the OI literature by offering an FPM 2.0 that assists CE designers to design new OI processes, with a special focus on outside-in OI.

2019[ to top ]

[1]
H. Baraki, A. Jahl, S. Jakob, C. Schwarzbach, M. Fax, and K. Geihs, “Optimizing Applications for Mobile Cloud Computing Through MOCCAA”, Journal of Grid Computing, pp. 1–26, 2019.
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[1]
M. Billert and C. Peters, “Die Digitalisierungsstraße für die Stadt der Zukunft”, Innovative Verwaltung, vol. 41, no. 7-8, Art. no. 7-8/2019, 2019, doi: 10.1365/s40702-018-00490-6.
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Vorgestellt wird ein innovatives, multimediales Portal, die sogenannte Digitalisierungsstraße, mit dem die Kompetenzen der Bürgerinnen und Bürger kollaborativ in die Entwicklung neuer städtischer Dienstleistungen eingebunden werden können.
[1]
M. S. Billert and C. Peters, “Die Digitalisierungsstraße für die Stadt der Zukunft – Kollaborative Entwicklung eines Portals für bürger-initiierte Dienstleistungsentwicklung im Kontext einer Smart City”, HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik, vol. 56, pp. 172–189, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1365/s40702-018-00490-6.
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[1]
M. S. Billert, C. Peters, J. M. Leimeister, P. Niering, and C. Hartmann, “Weck den Herkules in dir – bürger-initiierte Dienstleistungen”, Handlungsbroschüre zum Verbundforschungsprojekt Civitas Digitalis - Digitale und Crowd-basierte Dienstleistungssysteme zur Schaffung zukunftsfähiger und lebenswerter Lebensräume 2020. ITeG Technical Reports – Wissenschaftlichen Zentrum für Informationstechnik-Gestaltung (ITeG) an der Universität Kassel, vol. 8, pp. 12–39, 2019, doi: http://dx.medra.org/10.19211/KUP9783737650991.
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[1]
E. A. C. Bittner, S. Oeste-Reiß, P. A. Ebel, and M. Söllner, “Mensch-Maschine-Kollaboration: Grundlagen, Gestaltungsherausforderungen und Potenziale für verschiedene Anwendungsdomänen”, HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik, pp. 1–16, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1365/s40702-018-00487-1.
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[1]
S. Braun, “Kooperation oder Konfrontation? Erste Bußgelder nach DS-GVO”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 2, Art. no. 2, 2019.
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[1]
L. Britton, G. Klumbyte, and C. Draude, “Doing thinking: revisiting computing with artistic research and technofeminism”, Digital Creativity, vol. 30, no. 4, Art. no. 4, 2019, doi: 10.1080/14626268.2019.1684322.
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[1]
N. K. Dankwa, “Participatory Design of Smart Home Technology: self-reflections of my work as a black African migrant HCI researcher”, GenderIT.org, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://genderit.org/feminist-talk/participatory-design-smart-home-technology-self-reflections-my-work-black-african
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[1]
D. Dellermann, P. Ebel, M. Söllner, and J. M. Leimeister, “Hybrid Intelligence”, Business & Information Systems Engineering, vol. 61, no. 5, Art. no. 5, Mar. 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-019-00595-2.
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[1]
S. Dickel, C. Schneider, C. Thiem, and K.-A. Wenten, “Engineering Publics: The Different Modes of Civic Technoscience”, Science and Technology Studies Journal. The Many Modes of Citizen Science, vol. 32, no. 2, Art. no. 2, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://sciencetechnologystudies.journal.fi/article/view/59587
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[1]
C. Draude, G. Klumbyte, P. Lücking, and P. Treusch, “Situated algorithms: a sociotechnical systemic approach to bias”, OIR (Online Information Review), vol. ahead-of-print, no. ahead-of-print, Art. no. ahead-of-print, 2019, doi: 10.1108/OIR-10-2018-0332.
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[1]
D. Dürrschnabel, T. Hanika, and G. Stumme, “Drawing Order Diagrams Through Two-Dimension Extension.”, CoRR, vol. abs/1906.06208, 2019, [Online]. Available: http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/corr/corr1906.html#abs-1906-06208
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[1]
J. Friedrichs and S. Ohly, “Wir mögen uns nicht und arbeiten trotzdem zusammen - wie Aufgabeninterdependenzen den Zusammenhang zwischen interpersonellen Teamprozessen und Zufriedenheit beeinflussen”, Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Organisationspsychologie (GIO), vol. 50, no. 1, Art. no. 1, Mar. 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11612-019-00446-4.
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This article in the journal Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation focusses on the relationship between interpersonal team processes and team satisfaction. Interpersonal team processes include conflict- and affectmanagement as well as motivational team processes. In this context, the role of task interdependence is examined. Student teams (n = 25) were interviewed to examine if the degree of task interdependence positively influences the relationship of interpersonal processes and team satisfaction. The results show on the one hand, that interpersonal team processes are positively related to perceived satisfaction at the team level and, on the other hand, that task interdependence is a moderator variable. Contrary to the assumption that task interdependencies reinforce the relationship between interpersonal processes and team satisfaction, it was shown that there is a compensatory effect in the low interdependence condition. Teams with lower task interdependence and good conflict-, affect- and motivation management are almost as satisfied with their team as teams with higher task interdependence and good conflict-, affect- and motivation management. Implications are discussed.
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S. Fujiwara, C. Geminn, and A. Roßnagel, “Fujiwara, S./Geminn, C./Roßnagel, A. Title: Angemessenes Datenschutzniveau in Japan – Der Angemessenheitsbeschluss der Kommission und seine Folgen”, ZD, no. 4, Art. no. 4, 2019.
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[1]
C. Geminn, “Daten für alle? – Zum Diskussionspapier der SPD”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 4, Art. no. 4, 2019.
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[1]
C. Geminn, “Die Forschungstätigkeit des Arztes im Spannungsfeld der Schweigepflicht”, Recht der Datenverarbeitung (RDV), pp. 116–122, Mar. 2019.
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[1]
C. Geminn, “Was wird aus den Innovationen der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung?”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 04361, Jul. 2019.
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[1]
C. Geminn, “IMPACT: Neues Forschungsprojekt zu sozialen Folgen und rechtlicher Gestaltung der Kommunikation mit künstlichen Sprachassistenten”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06596, Sep. 2019.
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[1]
C. Geminn and P. C. Johannes, “Datenschutz-Folgenabschätzung im Zuge der Gesetzgebung – Das Verfahren nach Art. 35 Abs. 10 DS-GVO”, ZD, no. 10, Art. no. 10, 2019.
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[1]
C. Geminn and A. Laubach, “Gewährleistung einer unabhängigen Datenschutzaufsicht in Japan – Die Schaffung der Personal Information Protection Commission”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, pp. 403–407, Sep. 2019.
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[1]
C. Gilga, “Drohender Gnadenstoß für das Privacy Shield?”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06696, 2019.
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[1]
M. Goldhammer, S. Köhler, S. Zernetsch, K. Doll, B. Sick, and K. Dietmayer, “Intentions of Vulnerable Road Users -- Detection and Forecasting by Means of Machine Learning”, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, pp. 1–11, 2019, doi: 10.1109/TITS.2019.2923319.
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[1]
T. Hanika, “Collaborative Interactive Learning - A clarification of terms and a differentiation from other research fields.”, CoRR, vol. abs/1905.07264, 2019, [Online]. Available: http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/corr/corr1905.html#abs-1905-07264
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[1]
G. Hornung and K. Hofmann, “工业4.0与法律：三大核心挑战 (Übersetzung des Beitrags „Industrie 4.0 und das Recht: Drei zentrale Herausforderungen“, Hornung, G. (Hrsg.), Rechtsfragen der Industrie 4.0. Datenhoheit – Verantwortlichkeit – rechtliche Grenzen der Vernetzung, Baden-Baden 2018)”, Law and Modernization, vol. 5, pp. 161–184, 2019.
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[1]
G. Hornung and B. Wagner, “Der schleichende Personenbezug. Die Zwickmühle der Re-Identifizierbarkeit in Zeiten von Big Data und Ubiquitous Computing”, Computer und Recht, vol. 9, pp. 565–574, 2019.
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[1]
A. Janson, M. Söllner, and J. M. Leimeister, “Ladders for Learning: Is Scaffolding the Key to Teaching Problem Solving in Technology-mediated Learning Contexts?”, Academy of Management Learning & Education (AMLE), 2019, doi: 10.5465/amle.2018.0078.
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[1]
P. Johannes, “EDSA: Leitlinien 2/2019 zur Vertragsdatenverarbeitung”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06821, Feb. 2019.
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[1]
M. Kibanov, R. H. Heiberger, S. Rödder, M. Atzmueller, and G. Stumme, “Social studies of scholarly life with sensor-based ethnographic observations”, Scientometrics, May 2019, doi: 10.1007/s11192-019-03097-w.
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Social network analysis is playing an increasingly important role in sociological studies. At the same time, new technologies such as wearable sensors make it possible to collect new types of social network data. We employed RFID tags to capture face-to-face interactions of participants of two consecutive Ph.D. retreats of a graduate school on climate research. We use this data in order to explore how it may support ethnographic observations and to gain further insights on scholarly interactions. The unique feature of the data is the opportunity to distinguish short and long conversations, which often have a different nature from a sociological point of view. Furthermore, an advantage of this data is the availability of socio-demographic, research-related, and situational attributes of participants. We show that, even though an interaction partner is often found rather randomly during coffee breaks of retreats, a strong homophily between participants from the same institutions or research areas exists. We identify cores of the networks and participants who play ambassador roles between communities, e.g., persons who visit the retreat for the second time are more likely to be ambassadors. Overall, we show the usefulness and potential of RFID tags for scientometric studies.
[1]
S. Kleinschmidt, C. Peters, and J. M. Leimeister, “How to scale up contact-intensive services: ICT-enabled service innovation”, Journal of Service Management (JOSM), vol. 31, no. 4, Art. no. 4, 2019, doi: 10.1108/JOSM-12-2017-0349.
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Purpose While scaling is a viable approach to respond to growing demand, service providers in contactintensive services – such as education, healthcare, and social services – struggle to innovate their offerings. The reason is that the scaling of contact-intensive services – unlike purely digital settings – has resource limitations. To help ease the situation, the purpose of this article is to identify and describe the practices used in scaling contact-intensive services to support ICTenabled service innovation. Design/methodology/approach The research draws on an in-depth analysis of three contact-intensive services to examine service innovation practices. The analysis informs model development for service scaling. Findings The analysis uncovers three practices for service scaling – service interaction analysis, service pivoting, and service validation – and their related activities that are applied in a cyclic and iterative logic. Research limitations/implications While the findings reveal that the scalability of contact-intensive services is limited and determined by the formative characteristic of personal interaction, this study and its findings describe how to leverage scalability in contact-intensive services. Practical implications The insights into the practices enable service providers of contact-intensive services to iteratively revise their service offerings and the logic of creating value with the service. Originality/value This research identifies and describes for the first time the practices for the scaling of contactintensive services as an operationalisation of ICT-enabled service innovation.
[1]
E. Klose, J. Funk, J. Hegenberg, and L. Schmidt, “Feldstudie zur physiologischen und videogestützten Analyse von Nutzerzustand und -verhalten bei der Orientierung und Navigation am Frankfurter Flughafen”, Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, vol. 73, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41449-018-00145-8
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Die vorliegende Studie untersucht das Verhalten und den Zustand von Menschen während der Navigation durch den Frankfurter Flughafen. Dafür absolvierten die zwölf Teilnehmer drei flughafentypische Navigationsaufgaben, während Gangparameter, die Herz-Kreislauf-Aktivität und die Blickbewegung aufgezeichnet wurden. Anschließend wurde die videogestützte Retrospektive-Think-Aloud-Methode genutzt, um einen Einblick in die Gedanken und Strategien der Probanden zu bekommen. Die vielfältigen sowohl quantitativ als auch qualitativ analysierten Daten liefern Erkenntnisse über das Gehverhalten, die Herzrate und die Herzratenvariabilität sowie das Informationssuch- und -aufnahmeverhalten. Außerdem werden Problemstellen bei der Orientierung und Navigation am Flughafen ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse werden diskutiert und auf den Anwendungsbereich der Reiseassistenz angewendet, um in einem menschzentrierten Ansatz den Informationsbedarf für ein Augmented-Reality-Reiseassistenzsystem zu spezifizieren und Gestaltungsempfehlungen dafür abzuleiten. Praktische Relevanz: Es wird eine Vielzahl an Daten aus einer Feldstudie unter natürlichen Bedingungen zur Verfügung gestellt, mithilfe derer Nutzerverhalten und -zustand bei der Navigation beschrieben und analysiert werden können. Der Versuchsraum - ein komplexer Verkehrsknotenpunkt - ist für diverse Anwendungsbereiche von Interesse. Die vorgestellten Daten können auch als Referenzdaten für ähnliche Studien von Nutzen sein, z. B. um zu vergleichen, ob und inwieweit sich das Verhalten und der Zustand von Reisenden durch eine Navigationsunterstützung verändert.
[1]
U. Knauer, “Tree Species Classification Based on Hybrid Ensembles of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Random Forest Classifiers”, Remote Sensing, vol. 11, no. 23, Art. no. 23, 2019, doi: 10.3390/rs11232788.
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In this paper, we evaluate different popular voting strategies for fusion of classifier results. A convolutional neural network (CNN) and different variants of random forest (RF) classifiers were trained to discriminate between 15 tree species based on airborne hyperspectral imaging data. The spectral data was preprocessed with a multi-class linear discriminant analysis (MCLDA) as a means to reduce dimensionality and to obtain spatial–spectral features. The best individual classifier was a CNN with a classification accuracy of 0.73 +/− 0.086. The classification performance increased to an accuracy of 0.78 +/− 0.053 by using precision weighted voting for a hybrid ensemble of the CNN and two RF classifiers. This voting strategy clearly outperformed majority voting (0.74), accuracy weighted voting (0.75), and presidential voting (0.75).
[1]
N. Knop, I. Blohm, and J. M. Leimeister, “Internes Crowdsourcing – Herausforderungen und Lösungsstrategien für eine erfolgreiche Transformation der Arbeitsorganisation”, HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik, vol. 56, no. 4, Art. no. 4, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1365/s40702-019-00543-4.
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Dieser Artikel hilft Organisationen ihre Mitarbeiter mittels Crowdsourcing in einem digitalen Umfeld zu reorganisieren, um Agilität, Produktivität und Effektivität der Geschäftsprozesse zu erhöhen. Internes Crowdsourcing, in welchem die kollektive Arbeitskraft, Kreativität und Intelligenz der Mitarbeiter effektiver genutzt wird, stellt eine flexible, dezentrale sowie digitale Form der Arbeitsorganisation dar. Dieser Prozess resultiert in einer Transformation der Organisation, der über die einfache Einrichtung der Crowdsourcing-Plattform hinausgeht. Aus diesem Grund stehen viele Unternehmen vor Problemen, diesen Transformationsprozess erfolgreich zu gestalten und können die Vorteile von Crowdsourcing nicht oder nur eingeschränkt nutzen. Daher identifizieren wir in unserem Artikel, basierend anhand einer multiplen Fallstudie fünf Herausforderungen und dazu passende Maßnahmen, um eine erfolgreiche Transformation zu managen. In diesem Rahmen gehen wir in einem Fall auf die Herausforderungen und Lösungen im Detail ein, auf denen wir dann in den zusätzlichen Fällen aufbauen. Schließlich präsentieren wir fünf Herausforderungen, wie inadäquate IT Fähigkeiten und die passenden Lösungsansätze, wie gezielte Schulungen. Diese erlauben es Unternehmen Internes Crowdsourcing als eine innovative Form der Arbeitsorganisation zu nutzen und Agilität sowie Effektivität interner Arbeitsprozesse zu erhöhen.
[1]
B. Kolbe, “Datenbrille für komplexe Umstiege: Wie gebrauchstauglich sind innovative Informationsdienste? Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojekts RadAR+: Reiseassistenzsystem für dynamische Umgebungen auf Basis von ‘Augmented Reality’”, Der Nahverkehr, vol. 37, no. 9, Art. no. 9, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://öpnv-archiv.de/SingleView.aspx?show=1009943
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Mobilität präsentiert sich in Form von Alltags- und Versorgungsmobilität, als Freizeit-, Messe- und Touristenverkehr sowie in vielschichtigen Wirtschaftsbewegungen von Unternehmen und Dienstleistern. Mobilität ist ein Grundbedürfnis und sichert neben der Teilhabe am öffentlichen Leben die Erreichbarkeit des Arbeitsplatzes, also die Teilhabe am ökonomischen Leben. Die Sicherung von Mobilität sowie eine effiziente Ausgestaltung zur Information und Nutzung unter den technischen Rahmenbedingungen sind Aufgaben mit hoher gesellschaftlicher Verantwortung, zu deren Lösung das Projekt RadAR+ einen wesentlichen Beitrag leistete - durch die Entwicklung eines adaptiv lernenden Mobilitätsagenten unter Verwendung von Augmented Reality.
[1]
D. Kottke, J. Schellinger, D. Huseljic, and B. Sick, “Limitations of Assessing Active Learning Performance at Runtime”, CoRR, vol. abs/1901.10338, 2019, [Online]. Available: http://arxiv.org/abs/1901.10338
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[1]
J. Lamla, “Selbstbestimmung und Verbraucherschutz in der Datenökonomie”, Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, vol. 69, no. 24-26, Art. no. 24-26, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://www.bpb.de/shop/zeitschriften/apuz/292353/datenoekonomie
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[1]
J. M. Leimeister, J. Becker, A. Heinzl, R. Winter, and D. Gefen, “Doing a Doctorate in BISE in Germany, Austria and Switzerland? A Debate on the Why, What and How”, Business & Information Systems Engineering, vol. 61, no. 6, Art. no. 6, Oct. 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-019-00621-3.
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[1]
N. Lipusch, D. Dellermann, P. Ebel, U. Bretschneider, and J. M. Leimeister, “Radically Rethinking the Way Crowdfunding Works: The Case of Jumpstartfund and the Hyperloop”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing (IJEV), vol. 11, no. 6, Art. no. 6, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.1504/IJEV.2019.103739.
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In this research, we explore the unique case of JumpStartFund, a new crowdfunding platform that is used to develop the Hyperloop project. To this end, we employ an in-depth single case study to examine the participation architecture of the platform as well as the Hyperloop campaign content, based on which we derive a new crowdfunding model. The derived crowdfunding model differs from existing crowdfunding models in that it allows entrepreneurs to develop their business with the crowdmore actively. Our research has important implications for research and practice. First, we introduce a new crowdfunding model that expands the boundaries of existent models. Second, we explain how our model helps to more efficiently leverage the potential inherent in the crowd thereby redefining entrepreneurial success within crowdfunding. Third, we discuss how our findings contribute to existent research within the context of crowdsourcing.
[1]
L. I. Löber and A. Roßnagel, “Das Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetz in der Umsetzung. Bilanz nach den ersten Transparenzberichten”, MMR 2019, no. 2, Art. no. 2, 2019.
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[1]
L. I. Löber, “Kennzeichnung von Social Bots – Transparenzpflichten zum Schutz integrer Kommunikation”, Multimedia und Recht, no. 8, Art. no. 8, 2019.
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[1]
H. Lurtz, “Projektabschluss MyCPS”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06594, 2019.
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[1]
A. Maedche, “AI-Based Digital Assistants - Opportunities, Threats, and Research Perspectives.”, Business & Information Systems Engineering, vol. 61, no. 4, Art. no. 4, 2019, [Online]. Available: http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/bise/bise61.html#MaedcheLBBGHHMS19
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[1]
N. Maier, “Forschungsprojekt „European Cloud Service Data Protection Certification (AUDITOR)”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06876, 2019.
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[1]
N. Maier and T. Bile, “Die Zertifizierung nach der DSGVO - Innovatives, aber hochkomplexes Instrument, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit”, DuD, no. 8, Art. no. 8, 2019.
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[1]
N. Maier, S. Lins, H. Teigeler, A. Roßnagel, and A. Sunyaev, “Die Zertifizierung von Cloud-Diensten nach der DSGVO”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit (DuD), pp. 225–229, 2019.
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[1]
T. Matzner and C. Ochs, “Privacy”, Internet Policy Review. Journal on Internet Regulation, vol. 8, 2019.
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This contribution provides a short introduction into the conceptual and socio-technical development of privacy. It identifies central issues that inform and structure current debates as well as transformations of privacy spurred by digital technology. In particular, it highlights central ambivalences of privacy between protection and de-politicization and the relation of individual and social perspectives. A second section connects these issues to the influential texts and discussions on digital privacy. In particular, we will demonstrate privacy in digital societies is to be conceived in a novel way, since contemporary socio-technical conditions unsettle central assumptions of established theories: forms of perceptions, social structure or individual rights. Thus, a final third paragraph summarises theoretical innovations triggered by this situation – especially research from computer science to the social sciences and law and philosophy highlighting the requirement to take groups, social relations and broader socio-cultural contexts into account.
[1]
N. Miedzianowski, Z. Saternus, and K. Staab, “Stakeholderbezogene und rechtliche Anforderungen an ein Erreichbarkeitsmanagement-System”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 15, Art. no. 15, 2019.
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[1]
J. Müller, “Dateneigentum in der vierten industriellen Revolution?”, DuD, no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2019.
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[1]
J. Müller and C. Geminn, “USA: Stand der Modernisierungsbemühungen des Rechtsrahmens zur IT-Sicherheit im Fahrzeug”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06895, 2019.
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[1]
M. Nebel, “Datenportabilität in Social Networks im „Schnellcheck“”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 04380, 2019.
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[1]
M. Nebel, “Die Zulässigkeit der Erhebung des Klarnamens nach den Vorgaben der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung”, Kommunikation und Recht (K&R), no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2019.
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[1]
M. Nebel, “Datenschutzrechtliche Verantwortlichkeit bei der Nutzung von Fanpages und Social Plug-ins”, Recht der Datenverarbeitung (RDV), no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2019.
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[1]
M. Nebel, “Das Sanktionsregime der DS-GVO”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, no. 6, Art. no. 6, 2019.
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[1]
M. Nebel and M. Dräger, “Altersgrenzen für die Einwilligung von Kindern nach Art. 8 DS-GVO in den einzelnen Mitgliedstaaten”, ZD-aktuell, p. 06645, 2019.
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[1]
S. Oeste-Reiß and B. Simmert, “Collaboration Engineering”, Enzyklopädie der Wirtschaftsinformatik – Online-Lexikon, vol. Vol. 10, 2019, [Online]. Available: http://www.enzyklopaedie-der-wirtschaftsinformatik.de/Members/wilexKassel/collaboration-engineering/?searchterm=collaboration%20engineering
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[1]
S. Ohly, “Characteristics of challenging situations: two policy-capturing studies”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, vol. 34, no. 3, Art. no. 3, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.1108/JMP-06-2018-0232.
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Purpose Although the appraisal of a situation as challenging has positive effects on performance and stress-related outcomes, the situational and individual characteristics that make challenge appraisal likely are far from clear. The purpose of this paper is to test these characteristics based on a review of the conceptualizations of challenge and the associated positive effects.Design/methodology/approach Potential characteristics of challenge are tested in two policy-capturing studies using a full factorial experimental design.Findings Results reveal that situations are appraised as more challenging than threatening when goal importance, task difficulty and controllability are high rather than low.Research limitations/implications These results indicate that challenge and threat are distinguished through the means a person believes to have available to cope with demands, an aspect of controllability.Originality/value This paper provides a first experimental test of characteristics of challenging situations.
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M. Ossenkopf, M. Jorgensen, and K. Geihs, “Hierarchical Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning to Develop Long-Term Coordination”, Proceedings of the 34th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing SAC, 2019, doi: 10.1145/3297280.3297371.
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[1]
M. Ossenkopf, M. Jorgensen, and K. Geihs, “When Does Communication Learning Need Hierarchical Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning”, Cybernetics and Systems, vol. 50, no. 8, Art. no. 8, 2019, doi: 10.1080/01969722.2019.1677335.
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AbstractMulti-agent systems need to communicate to coordinate a shared task. We show that a recurrent neural network (RNN) can learn a communication protocol for coordination, even if the actions to coordinate are performed steps after the communication phase. We show that a separation of tasks with different temporal scale is necessary for successful learning. We contribute a hierarchical deep reinforcement learning model for multi-agent systems that separates the communication and coordination task from the action picking through a hierarchical policy. We further on show that a separation of concerns in communication is beneficial but not necessary. As a testbed, we propose the Dungeon Lever Game and we extend the Differentiable Inter-Agent Learning (DIAL) framework. We present and compare results from different model variations on the Dungeon Lever Game.
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A. Roßnagel, “Elektronische Schriftkommunikation (De-Mail, Vertrauensdienste)”, Handbuch zur Verwaltungsreform, pp. 617–628, 2019, doi: 10.1007/978-3-658-21563-7_55.
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Die digitale Transformation der Verwaltung setzt auch eine digitale Kommunikation zwischen Bürger oder Organisationen (z. B. Unternehmen) und Verwaltung voraus. Soweit diese asynchron mit Hilfe von Schriftzeichen erfolgt, handelt es sich um eine elektronische Schriftkommunikation. Sie bedarf einer technischen und rechtlichen Absicherung, wenn es um die Kommunikation rechtlich schwerwiegender Willenserklärungen geht. Die Absicherung kann durch Sicherungsmechanismen, wie sie Vertrauensdienste zur Verfügung stellen oder durch ausreichend sichere Kommunikationsdienste wie De-Mail erfolgen.
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A. Roßnagel, Ed., “Kein „Verbotsprinzip“ und kein „Verbot mit Erlaubnisvorbehalt“ im Datenschutzrecht – Zur Dogmatik der Datenverarbeitung als Grundrechtseingriff”, Neue Juristische Wochenschrift, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2019.
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A. Roßnagel, “Unvollendete Innovationen”, DuD, no. 8, Art. no. 8, 2019.
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A. Roßnagel, “Innovationen der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung Wer greift die Chancen zu besserem Datenschutz auf?”, DuD, no. 8, Art. no. 8, 2019.
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[1]
S. Rudolph, S. Tomforde, and J. Hähner, “Mutual Influence-aware Runtime Learning of Self-adaptation Behavior”, ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems, vol. 14, no. 1, Art. no. 1, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1145/3345319.
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[1]
S. Rudolph, S. Tomforde, and J. Hähner, “On the Detection of Mutual Influences and Their Consideration in Reinforcement Learning Processes”, CoRR, vol. abs/1905.04205, 2019, [Online]. Available: http://arxiv.org/abs/1905.04205
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S. Schindler, “Künstliche Intelligenz und (Datenschutz-)Recht”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06647, 2019.
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S. Schindler, “Biometrische Gesichtserkennung in den USA”, ZD-Aktuell, vol. (06595), 2019.
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S. Schindler, “Die Rechtsprechung und der Überwachungsdruck im Nachbarschaftsverhältnis”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06878, 2019.
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S. Schindler, “China: Biometrische Gesichtserkennung in der Volksrepublik China”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06494, 2019.
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S. Schindler, “Super-Recognizer: Die menschliche Alternative zur biometrischen Gesichtserkennung?”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06730, 2019.
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S. Schindler, “Südkreuz zum Zweiten: Test intelligenter Videoanalysesoftware am Bahnhof Berlin Südkreuz”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06071, 2019.
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S. Schindler and A. Borell, “Projektabschluss FLORIDA”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06547, 2019.
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S. Schindler and H. Lurtz, “Gemeinsame Verantwortlichkeit des Websitebetreibers bei Social-Plug-Ins, Anmerkung zu EuGH, Urteil vom 29.07.2019 C-40/17, VuR 2019 VuR 2019, 468-476”, VuR, vol. 12, pp. 468–476, 2019.
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S. Schomberg, T. J. Barev, A. Janson, and F. Hupfeld, “Ansatz zur Umsetzung von Datenschutz nach der DSGVO im Arbeitsumfeld: Datenschutz durch Nudging”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit - DuD, vol. 43, no. 12, Art. no. 12, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11623-019-1204-5.
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Die noch recht neue DSGVO hat einige Änderungen mit sich gebracht, welche sich in der Praxis erst noch bewähren und innovativ umgesetzt werden müssen. Insbesondere das Arbeitsumfeld wird von der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung stark verändert und sieht sich neuen Herausforderungen des Datenschutzes gegenüber. Ein Ansatz, diesen Herausforderungen zu begegnen, könnte die Integration von Privacy Nudges in digitale betriebliche Systeme sein. Ziel von Privacy Nudges ist es dabei, den Entscheidungsprozess in digitalen Entscheidungsumgebungen gezielt zu mehr Schutz von personenbezogenen Daten und Privatheit zu beeinflussen. Diesem Ansatz nähert sich dieser Beitrag interdisziplinär durch Erkenntnisse aus der verhaltensökonomischen, informatischen und der rechtswissenschaftlichen Literatur. Schließlich werden verschiedene Szenarien für den Einsatz von Privacy Nudges in digitalen Arbeitssystemen beschrieben und bewertet.
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S. Schomberg and H. Lurtz, “Pflicht zur Benennung eines Datenschutzbeauftragten”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06732, 2019.
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S. Schomburg and P. Reubert, “Regulierung von Nudging durch Private im geplanten Medienstaatsvertrag?”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06877, 2019.
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I. Seeber, “Machines as teammates: A research agenda on AI in team collaboration”, Information & Management, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2019.103174.
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What if artificial intelligence (AI) machines became teammates rather than tools? This paper reports on an international initiative by 65 collaboration scientists to develop a research agenda for exploring the potential risks and benefits of machines as teammates (MaT). They generated 819 research questions. A subteam of 12 converged them to a research agenda comprising three design areas – Machine artifact, Collaboration, and Institution – and 17 dualities – significant effects with the potential for benefit or harm. The MaT research agenda offers a structure and archetypal research questions to organize early thought and research in this new area of study.
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S. Seufert, C. Meier, M. Soellner, and R. Rietsche, “A Pedagogical Perspective on Big Data and Learning Analytics: A Conceptual Model for Digital Learning Support”, Technology, Knowledge and Learning, vol. 24, no. 4, Art. no. 4, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s10758-019-09399-5.
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The increasing prevalence of learner-centred forms of learning as well as an increase in the number of learners actively participating on a wide range of digital platforms and devices give rise to an ever-increasing stream of learning data. Learning analytics (LA) can enable learners, teachers, and their institutions to better understand and predict learning and performance. However, the pedagogical perspective and matters of learning design have been underrepresented in research thus far. In our paper, we propose a general design framework that includes critical dimensions of LA and assists in creating LA services that support educational practice. On the basis of a two-dimensional framework (individual vs. social, reflection vs. prediction), we then identify four generic approaches to LA aimed at improving learning process and learning outcomes. To demonstrate the application, four use cases are outlined that are based on four previously elaborated generic approaches to LA. Finally, we discuss the validation of the model and close with an outlook on relevant future research.
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B. Simmert, P. A. Ebel, C. Peters, E. A. C. Bittner, and J. M. Leimeister, “Conquering the Challenge of Continuous Business Model Improvement - Design of a Repeatable Process”, Business & Information Systems Engineering, vol. 61, no. 4, Art. no. 4, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s12599-018-0556-y.
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In an atmosphere of rapidly changing business environments and intense competition, adequate and timely business models are crucial for companies. Current research mainly focuses on business model development that often neglects the legacy of established companies. The paper at hand addresses this research gap by a process design which allows established companies to rethink, improve, and continually innovate their business models. Following a design science research approach, requirements for improving business models are identified by the analysis of existing literature and by expert interviews. Collaboration Engineering and a multilevel evaluation are applied to create a continuous and implementable process design for business model improvement – including specific activities, instructions, and tools. The process design represents a nascent design theory in form of an “invention” type of knowledge contribution. Moreover, going beyond existing literature, the importance of collaboration between participants in a business model improvement project is highlighted. From a practical perspective, the developed process design enables companies for continuous and recurring business model improvement without the ongoing support of professional moderators or consultants.
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T. Stein and L. Schmidt, “Vibrotaktile Alarmmeldungen: Informationscodierung für Alarme in Industrieanlagen”, atp edition - Automatisierungstechnische Praxis, vol. 61, no. 4, Art. no. 4, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.17560/atp.v61i4.2379
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Um die Übermittlung und Erkennbarkeit von Alarmmeldungen bei der Prozessüberwachung zu verbessern, besteht die Möglichkeit, auch den vibrotaktilen Sinneskanal zu nutzen. Die Alarmmeldungen einer realen Industrieanlage wurden durch Vibrationsmuster codiert, wobei sowohl Art als auch Ort des Fehlers übermittelt wurden. 32 Versuchspersonen nahmen an der Studie teil und 960 Einzelmessungen mit unterschiedlichem Informationsgehalt wurden in die Auswertung einbezogen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine Abhängigkeit der Erkennungsraten von der Komplexität der Signale sowie der Art der Codierung verschiedener Informationen.
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M. Stubbemann, T. Hanika, and G. Stumme, “Orometric Methods in Bounded Metric Data.”, CoRR, vol. abs/1907.09239, 2019, [Online]. Available: http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/corr/corr1907.html#abs-1907-09239
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S. Tomforde, “From ‘Normal to Abnormal’ A Concept for Determining Expected Self-Adaptation Behaviour”, 2019 IEEE 4th International Workshops on Foundations and Applications of Self* Systems (FAS*W), pp. 126–129, 2019.
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[1]
C. Weidner, R. Braidotti, and G. Klumbyte, “The Emergent Environmental Humanities: Engineering the Social Imaginary”, Connotations - A Journal for Critical Debate, vol. 0939-5482, no. 28, Art. no. 28, 2019, doi: 10.25623/conn28-weidner-et-al-1.
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If the Environmental Humanities (EH) matter, an essential concern is whether we can speak of the possibility of a philosopher of literary and ecological identity. This paper discusses the intersection points of the Environmental Humanities to the wider scientific debate. It suggests that the EH are suited to help construct knowledge for sustainable futures. The arrival of the Anthropocene provides opportunities to cross disciplinary boundaries. Ecocriticism investigates the complex and contradictory relationship between humans and the environment in literature. Ideas of citizenship allow space for conversation about civic responsibility and stewardship. Animal studies intervenes deeply across the humanities, which acknowledges the interspecies imaginary. Future techno-scientific developments make us reconsider distinctions between humans, animals, and machines. The concept of the posthuman emphasizes how profound changes will be for all species. Serious questions might best be answered by environmental philosophy, which articulates the impact of the environment on humans. New Materialism explains why matter matters, and has clear implications for the study of the environment. Work in postcolonial and digital media provides a platform to challenge geographic borders as well as reconsider national contexts. Essentially, this paper asserts that the EH is building critical mass, and functions as a lightning rod between the arts and sciences. Such a development has profound consequences for the future of literary studies.

2018[ to top ]

[1]
C. Anderson, I. Hübener, A.-K. Seipp, S. Ohly, K. David, and V. Pejovic, “A Survey of Attention Management Systems in Ubiquitous Computing Environments”, Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, vol. 2, no. 2, Art. no. 2, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.1145/3214261.
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[1]
H. Baraki, C. Schwarzbach, M. Fax, and K. Geihs, “MOCCAA: A Delta-synchronized and Adaptable Mobile Cloud Computing Framework”, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science 2018, pp. 136–147, Mar. 2018, doi: 10.5220/0006701101360147.
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Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) requires an infrastructure that is merging the capabilities of resource-constrained but mobile and context-aware devices with that of immovable but powerful resources in the cloud. Application execution shall be boosted and battery consumption reduced. However, a solution's practicability is only ensured, if the provided tools, environment and framework themselves are performant too and if developers are able to adopt, extend and apply it easily. In this light, we introduce our comprehensive and extendable framework MOCCAA (MObile Cloud Computing AdaptAble) and demonstrate its effectiveness. Its performance gain is mainly achieved through minimized monitoring efforts for resource consumption prediction, scalable and location-aware resource discovery and management, and, in particular, through our graph-based delta synchronization of local and remote object states. This allows us to reduce synchronization costs significantly and improve quality dimensions such as latency and bandwidth consumption.
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F. Bieker and C. Geminn, “„Interdisziplinäre Konferenz des ‚Forum Privatheit‘: Die Fortentwicklung des Datenschutzes“”, ZD-Aktuell, vol. 2, 2018.
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[1]
M. Bieshaar, S. Zernetsch, A. Hubert, B. Sick, and K. Doll, “Cooperative Starting Movement Detection of Cyclists Using Convolutional Neural Networks and a Boosted Stacking Ensemble”, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, vol. 3, no. 4, Art. no. 4, 2018, doi: 10.1109/TIV.2018.2873900.
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[1]
T. Bile, “Computers, Privacy & Data Protection (CPDP), 24. Januar bis 26. Januar 2018 in Brüssel”, DuD, vol. 42, no. 4, Art. no. 4, 2018.
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[1]
L. M. Bläsing and H. Götschel, “Das Fachgebiet Gender MINT an der Hochschule Hannover. Lehrangebot für vielfältige Studierendengruppen wahrnehmbar attraktiver gestalten”, Die Ingenieurin, vol. 125, no. 2, Art. no. 2, 2018.
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[1]
I. Blohm, S. Zogaj, U. Bretschneider, and J. M. Leimeister, “How to Manage Crowdsourcing Platforms Effectively?”, California Management Review (CMR), vol. 60, no. 2, Art. no. 2, Feb. 2018, doi: 10.1177/0008125617738255.
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To profit from crowdsourcing, organizations can engage in four different approaches: microtasking, information pooling, broadcast search, and open collaboration. This article presents 21 governance mechanisms that can help organizations manage their crowdsourcing platforms. It investigates the effectiveness of these governance mechanisms in 19 case studies and recommends specific configurations of these mechanisms for each of the four crowdsourcing approaches. Also, it offers guidance to organizations that host a crowdsourcing platform by providing recommendations for implementing governance mechanisms into their platforms and building up governance capabilities for crowdsourcing.
[1]
T. Böhmann, J. M. Leimeister, and K. Möslein, “The New Frontiers of Service Systems Engineering”, Business & Information Systems Engineering (BISE), vol. 60, no. 5, Art. no. 5, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s12599-018-0553-1.
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[1]
J. Braukmann, A. Schmitt, L. Ďuranová, and S. Ohly, “Identifying ICT-Related Affective Events Across Life Domains and Examining their Unique Relationships with Employee Recovery”, Journal of Business and Psychology, vol. 33, no. 4, Art. no. 4, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s10869-017-9508-7.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of information and communication technology (ICT) use for employees by exploring affective ICT events and their relation to employee recovery. We conducted two daily diary studies with knowledge workers in Germany. In study 1 (N = 153), we followed a qualitative approach by developing a taxonomy of negative and positive ICT events at work and at home. We found 11 negative (e.g., multichannel use, work e-mails in the evening) and 10 positive ICT event clusters (e.g., utilizing idle times, availability at home). In study 2 (N = 154), we examined how the occurrence of ICT-related events in the evening is related to detachment from work and sleep quality using a multilevel design. Study 2 provided a differentiated picture of relationships between evening ICT events and recovery. Overall, results indicate that work-related ICT events in the evening—even in cases where they are appraised as positive—are detrimental for employee recovery. Our study contributes to the refinement of the operationalization of ICT use for future analyses of ICT impacts and sheds light on the differential effects of specific types of ICT events. ICT use conceptualized as the occurrence of affective events helps to advance our understanding of the diversity of ICT-related experiences. The negative effects of handling work e-mails at home imply that organizations should engage in optimizing their “e-mail culture.”
[1]
S. Braun, “Überwachung am Arbeitsplatz – Amazon patentiert neues Wearable”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 4, Art. no. 4, 2018.
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[1]
S. Braun, “Datenschutz im Smart Office”, ZD, no. 2, Art. no. 2, 2018.
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[1]
S. Braun, “GeopNu: Zwischenstand des Projekts”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 16, Art. no. 16, 2018.
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[1]
S. Braun, T. Henzler, and A. Berg, “Nutzeridentifikation mit mobilen Endgeräten, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit”, DuD, vol. 42, no. 11, Art. no. 11, 2018.
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[1]
S. Breker, J. Rentmeister, B. Sick, and M. Braun, “Hosting capacity of low-voltage grids for distributed generation: Classification by means of machine learning techniques”, Appl. Soft Comput., vol. 70, pp. 195–207, 2018.
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[1]
A. Calma, T. Reitmaier, and B. Sick, “Semi-supervised active learning for support vector machines: A novel approach that exploits structure information in data”, Information Sciences, vol. 456, pp. 13–33, 2018.
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[1]
N. K. Dankwa, “Driving smart home innovation with the gender dimension”, Feminist Voices in Technology, vol. 1, no. ISS001, Art. no. ISS001, Nov. 2018, [Online]. Available: http://www.fvt-pp.uk/smartHomeGenderDimension.html
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[1]
K. David and H. Berndt, “6G Vision and Requirements: Is There Any Need for Beyond 5G?”, IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, vol. 13, no. 3, Art. no. 3, Sep. 2018, doi: 10.1109/MVT.2018.2848498.
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To address the question in the subtitle of this article, we start by discussing earlier mobile communication systems, beginning with the first analog wireless cellular standards, then moving on to second generation (2G) [or Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)], passing third generation (3G) and fourth generation (4G), and proceeding to fifth generation (5G). First, we present each generation's key achievements in terms of user services, each generation's technologyrelated factors of success (called innovations) as well as its relation to regulation, and each generation's potential deficiencies.
[1]
D. Dellermann, N. Lipusch, P. Ebel, and J. M. Leimeister, “Design principles for a hybrid intelligence decision support system for business model validation”, Electronic Markets, vol. 29, no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-018-0309-2.
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One of the most critical tasks for startups is to validate their business model. Therefore, entrepreneurs try to collect information such as feedback from other actors to assess the validity of their assumptions and make decisions. However, previous work on decisional guidance for business model validation provides no solution for the highly uncertain and complex context of early-stage startups. The purpose of this paper is, thus, to develop design principles for a Hybrid Intelligence decision support system (HI-DSS) that combines the complementary capabilities of human and machine intelligence. We follow a design science research approach to design a prototype artifact and a set of design principles. Our study provides prescriptive knowledge for HI-DSS and contributes to previous work on decision support for business models, the applications of complementary strengths of humans and machines for making decisions, and support systems for extremely uncertain decision-making problems.
[1]
S. Doerfel, T. Hanika, and G. Stumme, “Clones in Social Networks”, CoRR, vol. abs/1802.07849, 2018, [Online]. Available: http://arxiv.org/abs/1802.07849
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It is well known that any bipartite (social) network can be regarded as a formal context $$(G,M,I)$$. Therefore, such networks give raise to formal concept lattices which can be investigated utilizing the toolset of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA). In particular, the notion of clones in closure systems on $$M$$, i.e., pairwise interchangeable attributes that leave the closure system unchanged, suggests itself naturally as a candidate to be analyzed in the realm of FCA based social network analysis. In this study, we investigate the notion of clones in social networks. After building up some theoretical background for the clone relation in formal contexts we try to find clones in real word data sets. To this end, we provide an experimental evaluation on nine mostly well known social networks and provide some first insights on the impact of clones. We conclude our work by nourishing the understanding of clones by generalizing those to permutations of higher order.
[1]
K. Geihs and A. Witsch, “Decentralized decision making in adaptive multi-robot teams”, it - Information Technology, vol. 60, no. 4, Art. no. 4, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.1515/itit-2017-0029.
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[1]
C. Geminn and P. C. Johannes, “30 Jahre provet e.V. und 20 Jahre provet an der Universität Kassel – Forschung und Methoden zur rechtsverträglichen Technikgestaltung und technikadäquaten Rechtsentwicklung”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 18, Art. no. 18, 2018.
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[1]
C. Geminn, “„Was wird aus der Vorratsdatenspeicherung?“”, Neue Juristische Wochenschrift, vol. 34, no. 71, Art. no. 71, 2018.
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[1]
C. Geminn, “„Das Europäische Datenschutzrecht – Zwischen Leuchtturmfunktion und Werteexport?“”, Verwaltungsblatt, Deutsches, no. 24, Art. no. 24, 2018.
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[1]
C. Geminn, “„Laura Schulte, Vom quantitativen zum qualitativen Datenschutz. Leitbildwandel im Datenschutzrecht, Duncker & Humblot 2018“”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, vol. 9, no. 8, Art. no. 8, 2018.
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[1]
C. Geminn, “„Wissenschaftliche Forschung und Datenschutz – Neuerungen durch die Datenschutz-Grundverordnung“”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, no. 10, Art. no. 10, 2018.
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[1]
C. Geminn, A. Laubach, and S. Fujiwara, “„Schutz anonymisierter Daten im japanischen Datenschutzrecht – Kommentierung der neu eingeführten Kategorie der ‚Anonymously Processed Information‘“”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, no. 9, Art. no. 9, 2018.
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[1]
C. Gilga and S. Schindler, “HUMAN+: Deutsch-österreichisches Forschungsprojekt”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06255, 2018.
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[1]
T. Goeble and A. Scheuble, “USA: Microsoft erhält breite Unterstützung vor dem US-Supreme Court zur Sicherung des freien Datenverkehrs”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06009, 2018.
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[1]
C. Gruhl and B. Sick, “Novelty detection with CANDIES: a holistic technique based on probabilistic models”, Int. J. Machine Learning & Cybernetics, vol. 9, no. 6, Art. no. 6, 2018.
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[1]
T. Hanika, M. Koyda, and G. Stumme, “Relevant Attributes in Formal Contexts.”, CoRR, vol. abs/1812.08868, 2018, [Online]. Available: http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/corr/corr1812.html#abs-1812-08868
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[1]
T. Hanika, F. M. Schneider, and G. Stumme, “Intrinsic dimension of concept lattices”, CoRR, vol. abs/1801.07985, 2018, [Online]. Available: http://arxiv.org/abs/1801.07985
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Geometric analysis is a very capable theory to understand the influence of the high dimensionality of the input data in machine learning (ML) and knowledge discovery (KD). With our approach we can assess how far the application of a specific KD/ML-algorithm to a concrete data set is prone to the curse of dimensionality. To this end we extend V.~Pestov's axiomatic approach to the instrinsic dimension of data sets, based on the seminal work by M.~Gromov on concentration phenomena, and provide an adaptable and computationally feasible model for studying observable geometric invariants associated to features that are natural to both the data and the learning procedure. In detail, we investigate data represented by formal contexts and give first theoretical as well as experimental insights into the intrinsic dimension of a concept lattice. Because of the correspondence between formal concepts and maximal cliques in graphs, applications to social network analysis are at hand.
[1]
J. Hegenberg, D. W. Schimpf, N. Fischer, and L. Schmidt, “Fallstudie zur Roboterunterstützung des Menschen bei manueller Montage”, Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, vol. 72, no. 4, Art. no. 4, 2018, [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41449-018-0125-8
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Anhand eines Montagearbeitsplatzes der Automobilindustrie wird die Integration eines unterstützenden Roboters betrachtet. Für die praxisnahe Evaluation der Roboterunterstützung wurde im Labor ein Mock-up des Arbeitsplatzes realisiert. Die damit durchgeführte Studie (n = 21) fokussierte sich auf die Steigerung der Effizienz des Arbeitsprozesses durch die technische Unterstützung und die Verringerung der Beanspruchung für den Werker durch Übernahme eines Teils der Materialhandhabung durch den Roboter. Die Effizienzsteigerung und Beanspruchungsreduktion ließen sich statistisch signifikant belegen. Vor dem Hintergrund der Akzeptanz einer solchen Roboterunterstützung wurde auch die Gebrauchstauglichkeit betrachtet und positiv bewertet. Praktische Relevanz. Einerseits finden wissenschaftliche Studien zur Mensch-Roboter-Kollaboration häufig in vereinfachten oder künstlichen Setups bspw. der Handhabung von Bauklötzen oder in VR-Umgebungen statt, andererseits werden vor allem in Großunternehmen Versuchsstände realisiert, die öffentlichkeitswirksam präsentiert werden können, aber häufig eine gewissen Praxisferne aufweisen. Der Aufbau und die Nutzung eines Mock-ups, der sich möglichst nah am realen Montagearbeitsplatz orientiert und ausschließlich kommerziell verfügbare Standardkomponenten nutzt, zur Durchführung wissenschaftlicher Studien anhand tatsächlicher und in der Industrie häufig vorzufindender Arbeitsprozesse stellt hier die hohe praktische Relevanz und die Übertragbarkeit der Ergebnisse sicher.
[1]
C. Herfurth, S. Schinder, and B. Wagner, “Die europäische Datenschutz-Grundverordnung - Der Anbruch einer neuen Ära”, Bonner Rechtsjournal, pp. 16–22, 2018.
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[1]
R. Herrmann and L. Schmidt, “Design and Evaluation of a Natural User Interface for Piloting an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle”, i-com - Zeitschrift für interaktive und kooperative Medien, vol. 17, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2018, [Online]. Available: http://doi.org/10.1515/icom-2018-0001
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Controlling an unmanned aerial vehicle is challenging and requires an intensive training. One cause is the teleoperation with the conventional input device, the remote control, whose functions are complicate. This paper presents an alternative concept for the teleoperation. Its realization includes a Thalmic Myo gesture control wristlet and a Microsoft HoloLens head-mounted display. These devices are used to implement an augmented reality interface, a tactile feedback and a gesture and speech input. Finally, this implementation has been evaluated with 30 participants and compared with a conventional remote control. The results show that the proposed interface is a good solution but does not reach the performance of the remote control.
[1]
G. Hornung, “Mitlauschen bei den lieben Kleinen: Kindeswohl oder Kindesgefährdung? Editorial”, Verbraucher und Recht, pp. 41–42, 2018.
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[1]
G. Hornung, S. Schindler, and J. Schneider, “Die Europäisierung des strafverfahrensrechtlichen Datenschutzes. Zum Anwendungsbereich der neuen Datenschutz-Richtlinie für Polizei und Justiz”, Zeitschrift für Internationale Strafrechtsdogmatik, pp. 566–574, 2018.
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[1]
C. Husemann, F. Pittroff, and A. D. Schulz, “Fitness-Tracking als Informationsproblem. Zu den Potenzialen und Herausforderungen rechtlicher Regulierung und pädagogischer Vermittlung”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, no. 11, Art. no. 11, 2018.
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[1]
M. Jänicke, B. Sick, and S. Tomforde, “Self-Adaptive Multi-Sensor Activity Recognition Systems Based on Gaussian Mixture Models”, Informatics, vol. 5, no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2018.
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[1]
P. C. Johannes, “Privacy by Design und Privay by Default – Regelungen für Polizei- und Strafverfolgungsbehörden im Vergleich zur DS-GVO”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 16, Art. no. 16, 2018.
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[1]
P. C. Johannes, “: Privatheit in der Rechtsprechung des BVerfG”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 4, Art. no. 4, 2018.
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[1]
P. C. Johannes, “Gegenüberstellung – Verfahrensverzeichnisse für Polizei- und Strafverfolgungsbehörden nach BDSG, DS-GVO und JI-Richtlinie”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 8, Art. no. 8, 2018.
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[1]
P. C. Johannes, “Stand der Anpassung der Datenschutzgesetze der Länder an die DS-GVO”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 10, Art. no. 10, 2018.
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[1]
P. C. Johannes, “Datenschutz und der Koalitionsvertrag der GroKo”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 6, Art. no. 6, 2018.
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[1]
P. C. Johannes and C. Geminn, “„Datenschutz-Grundverordnung – eine neue Ära des Datenschutzes?“”, ZD-Aktuell, vol. 13, no. 8, Art. no. 8, 2018.
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[1]
O. Kieselmann and A. Wacker, “Löschen im Internet – rechtlich gefordert und technisch möglich!”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit (DuD), vol. 42/7, no. 7/2018, Art. no. 7/2018, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.1007/s11623-018-0975-4.
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Die im Art. 17 der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (DSGVO) enthaltene Regelungen für das Löschen, insbesondere die Pflicht, Dritte über die Löschanfragen zu informieren, sind mit einem hohen Aufwand für die Verantwortlichen verbunden, sodass sie ohne eine technische Unterstützung in der Praxis nicht umgesetzt werden können. Die zurzeit jedoch fehlenden technischen Lösungen führen zu einer Lücke zwischen den Rechtsvorschriften und den derzeitigen technischen Möglichkeiten, während die DSGVO ab Mai 2018 anzuwenden ist. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, wird im Folgenden zunächst analysiert, welche Möglichkeiten im Allgemeinen bestehen, das Löschen im Internet gemäß Art. 17 technisch umzusetzen. Anschließend wird eine Lösung für die Verteilung der Löschanfragen an die Verantwortlichen vorgestellt, das auf der Kombination der Technik mit dem Gesetz beruht und sowohl den Betroffenen als auch den Verantwortlichen ein Werkzeug zur Unterstützung des Art. 17 zur Verfügung stellt.
[1]
M. Klesel, H. Kampling, U. Bretschneider, and B. Niehaves, “Does the Ability to Choose Matter? On the Relationship between Bring-your-own Behavior and IT Satisfaction”, Communications of the Association for Information Systems, vol. 43, no. 36, Art. no. 36, 2018, doi: 10.17705/1CAIS.04336.
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Employees increasingly complete organizational tasks using privately owned consumer technologies such as private devices (e.g., smartphones) or private Internet accounts (e.g., email accounts). Higher satisfaction constitutes a major reason for this bring-your-own behavior (BYOB). However, little research has theoretically explored and empirically tested this assumption. This study sheds light on this phenomenon by analyzing the effect of BYOB on IT satisfaction. Drawing from social cognitive theory, we propose choice self-efficacy as a new construct that intermediates the relationship between BYOB and IT satisfaction. Building on results from survey data (n = 400), we provide new evidence that BYOB has a positive effect on IT satisfaction whereby choice self-efficacy plays a vital element as it mediates this relationship. Since IT satisfaction shapes how people use technology and how they perform with it, we derive important implications for future research on IT consumerization. Furthermore, we provide several conclusions for practitioners and discuss how to enhance IT satisfaction and choice self-efficacy.
[1]
E. Klose, A. Eis, J. Hegenberg, and L. Schmidt, “Nutzerorientierte Anforderungsanalyse für ein adaptiv lernendes Reiseassistenzsystem mit Datenbrillen”, Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, vol. 72, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2018, [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41449-017-0075-6
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Für die Entwicklung eines persönlichen, adaptiv lernenden Reiseassistenzsystems für den öffentlichen Verkehr auf Basis von Augmented Reality wurde in der Anforderungsanalyse ein Mixed-Methods-Ansatz mit Fokusgruppen (n = 40) und einer Online-Befragung (n = 311) gewählt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein Großteil der Nutzer sich vorstellen kann, ein Reiseassistenzsystem zu nutzen, viele bei der Verwendung von Datenbrillen und Sprachinteraktion im öffentlichen Raum jedoch Bedenken haben. Als wichtigste Funktionen eines Reiseassistenzsystems werden die Unterstützung im Störungsfall, die Fußgängernavigation sowie die Versorgung mit Informationen zur Reisekette angesehen. Basierend auf den erhobenen Daten wurden Personas und Szenarien entworfen. Diese Werkzeuge ermöglichen es, dass sich die an der Entwicklung beteiligten Personen besser in den zukünftigen Nutzer des Reiseassistenzsystems sowie in den Nutzungskontext hineinversetzen und Gestaltungslösungen aus Nutzersicht beurteilt werden können. Praktische Relevanz: Intermodale Mobilitätsketten sowie die zunehmende Komplexität von Verkehrsknotenpunkten stellen Reisende vor die Herausforderung, unter Zeitdruck herauszufiltern, welche aus der Fülle der zur Verfügung stehenden Informationen für sie in der aktuellen Situation relevant sind. Dieser Beitrag analysiert, welche Informationen Reisende wann benötigen, mit dem Ziel, die Entwicklung von Assistenzsystemen zu unterstützen, die Informationen situations- und nutzergerecht zur Verfügung stellen und so die Beanspruchung beim Reisen reduzieren.
[1]
J. Kropf, “Übersetzung, Ungleichzeitigkeit und Konflikt”, Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie, vol. 43, pp. 157–178, 2018.
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[1]
G. Lasry, N. Kopal, and A. Wacker, “Ciphertext-Only Cryptanalysis of Short Hagelin M-209 Ciphertexts”, Cryptologia, Feb. 2018, doi: 10.1080/01611194.2018.1428836.
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The Hagelin M-209 was a mechanical encryption device used by the U.S. Army during World War 2 (WWII) and the Korean War, as well as by other armies and diplomatic services. The Hagelin M-209 has been the focus of extensive research by codebreaking agencies. Several ciphertext-only attacks have been published, but, those attacks are applicable only to the case of long cryptograms. In this article, the authors present a nested hill-climbing and simulated annealing algorithm for recovering the full key settings from ciphertext only, with ciphertexts as short as 500 letters, compared to a minimum of 750 to 1,250 letters with prior methods. With this method, the authors have solved the last problem of a public Hagelin M-209 challenge contest.
[1]
A. Laubach, “„iPAT 2018 – 1. Interdisziplinärer Workshop des Graduiertenkollegs2050“”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 14, Art. no. 14, 2018.
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[1]
A. Laubach, “欧州の一般データ保護規制の枠組みにおける新しい連邦データ保護法。(dt.: „Das neue Bundesdatenschutzgesetz im Rahmen der Datenschutzgrundverordnung“)”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 12, Art. no. 12, 2018.
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[1]
A. Laubach and M. Dräger, “„Brasilien: Neues Datenschutzgesetz“”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 14, Art. no. 14, 2018.
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[1]
U. Laufs, J. Maucher, N. Miedzianowski, K. Rost, and Z. Saternus, “Erste Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojekts „SANDRA“”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06151, Oct. 2018.
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[1]
L. Löber, “Das Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetz in der Umsetzung. Bilanz nach den ersten Transparenzberichten”, Multimedia und Recht, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2018.
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[1]
H. Lurtz, “Die Vorkehrungen für die „Abmahnwelle“”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06292, 2018.
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[1]
H. Lurtz and F. Engel, “Bedeutung der Netzneutralität für die Industrie 4.0”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 05951, 2018.
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[1]
J. Müller, “IUNO: Erfolgreicher Abschluss des Referenzprojekts IT Sicherheit in Industrie 4.0”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 16, Art. no. 16, 2018.
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[1]
M. Nebel, “Das NetzDG – besser als sein Ruf”, ZD-aktuell, no. 7, Art. no. 7, 2018.
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[1]
M. Nebel, “Sachsen auf dem Weg zur elektronischen Verwaltung”, no. 05952, Art. no. 05952, 2018.
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[1]
M. Nebel, “Big Data und Datenschutz in der Arbeitswelt, Risiken der Digitalisierung und Abhilfemöglichkeiten”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, no. 11, Art. no. 11, 2018.
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[1]
M. Nebel, “White Paper zu neuartigen Tracking-Methoden”, ZD-aktuell, no. 9, Art. no. 9, 2018.
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[1]
C. Ochs, “Das Wissen der Netzwerk-Gesellschaft: Noortje Marres erörtert Aufgaben und Probleme einer Digitalen Soziologie [Rezension von Noortje Marres (2017): Digital Sociology: The Reinvention of Social Research”, Soziopolis, 2018, [Online]. Available: https://soziopolis.de/lesen/buecher/artikel/das-wissen-der-netzwerk-gesellschaft/
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[1]
S. Ohly, “Promoting Creativity at Work - Implications for Scientific Creativity”, European Review, vol. 26, no. S1, Art. no. S1, Feb. 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1062798717000576.
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Creativity is the generation of novel and useful ideas. Organizations, including universities and other research institutions, need to develop novel and useful products to satisfy constantly evolving customer needs. Furthermore, organizational procedures and processes develop over time, and continuous improvements in processes contribute to organizational efficiency. Thus, the development of novel and useful ideas in relation to products, procedures and services is mandated from many employees in modern organizations, including researchers and scientists. This creativity can take on many different forms, for example unconventional solutions to a wide variety of problems related to research, teaching and administration. Because many of these problems are comparable to that of workers in all kinds of jobs, I believe it is possible to draw on the rich knowledge in the field of organizational creativity to provide some insights into how to foster scientific creativity. The work of researchers and scientists is in many ways comparable to that of knowledge workers in other kinds of organizations: they are high-level employees who apply knowledge to do their work, oftentimes using creative thinking. A rich body of literature has dealt with creativity in these jobs where creativity is a core requirement, and has examined the organizational factors related to creativity. Before I summarize this research and highlight some important research findings concerning the rewards for creativity, the design of jobs, the processes leading to creativity, the organizational climate, and daily work events associated with creativity, I will disentangle different forms of creativity at work and describe a general model of creativity in the context of work.
[1]
A. Roßnagel, “Datenschutz in der Forschung”, ZD, vol. 5, 2018.
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[1]
A. Roßnagel and G. Hornung, “Die DS-GVO in den Startlöchern: Anfangszauber oder Reise ins Ungewisse? Editorial”, Multimedia und Recht, pp. 197–198, 2018.
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[1]
S. Schindler, “Mit dem Auto nach Karlsruhe: Dashcams und der BGH”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06149, 2018.
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[1]
S. Schindler and C. Kottke, “Dieselfahrverbote und Kennzeichenerkennung”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06392, 2018.
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[1]
S. Schindler and M. Salzmann, “Polizeiliche Gesichtserkennung in Deutschland”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06344, 2018.
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[1]
S. Schindler and M. Salzmann, “Der internationale Siegeszug der größten Katastrophe des 21. Jahrhunderts?”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06293, 2018.
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[1]
S. Schindler and J. Schneider, “Videoüberwachung als Verarbeitung besonderer Kategorien personenbezogener Daten. Datenschutzrechtliche Anforderungen beim Erheben von Videodaten”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, pp. 463–469, 2018.
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[1]
S. Schindler and J. Schneider, “Videoüberwachung: Ein Fall für zwei? Die Videoüberwachung im Spannungsfeld von DSGVO und JI-RL”, Privacy in Germany, pp. 247–252, 2018.
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[1]
S. Schindler and K. Wentland, “Videoüberwachung - quo vadis?”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06057, 2018.
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[1]
B. Sick, S. Oeste-Reiß, A. Schmidt, S. Tomforde, and K. A. Zweig, “Collaborative Interactive Learning”, Informatik Spektrum, vol. 41, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2018.
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[1]
B. Simmert, P. A. Ebel, C. Peters, E. A. C. Bittner, and J. M. Leimeister, “Conquering the Challenge of Continuous Business Model Improvement Design of a Repeatable Process”, Business & Information Systems Engineering (BISE), vol. 61, no. 4, Art. no. 4, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s12599-018-0556-y.
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[1]
M. Söllner, P. Bitzer, A. Janson, and J. M. Leimeister, “Process is king: Evaluating the performance of technology-mediated learning in vocational software training”, Journal of Information Technology (JIT), vol. 33, no. 3, Art. no. 3, Sep. 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41265-017-0046-6.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ URL ]
- [ DOI ]
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Technology-mediated learning (TML) is a major trend in education, since it allows to integrate the strengths of traditional- and IT-based learning activities. However, TML providers still struggle in identifying areas for improvement in their TML offerings. One reason for their struggles is inconsistencies in the literature regarding drivers of TML performance. Prior research suggests that these inconsistencies in TML literature might stem from neglecting the importance of considering the process perspective in addition to the input and outcome perspectives. This gap needs to be addressed to better understand the different drivers of the performance of TML scenarios. Filling this gap would further support TML providers with more precise guidance on how to (re-)design their offerings toward their customers’ needs. To achieve our goal, we combine qualitative and quantitative methods to develop and evaluate a holistic model for assessing TML performance. In particular, we consolidate the body of literature, followed by a focus group workshop and a Q-sorting exercise with TML practitioners, and an empirical pre-study to develop and initially test our research model. Afterward, we collect data from 161 participants of TML vocational software trainings and evaluate our holistic model for assessing TML performance. The results provide empirical evidence for the importance of the TML process quality dimension as suggested in prior literature and highlighted by our TML practitioners. Our main theoretical as well as practical contribution is a holistic model that provides comprehensive insights into which constructs and facets shape the performance of TML in vocational software trainings.
[1]
S. Strecker, D. Kundisch, F. Lehner, J. M. Leimeister, and P. Schubert, “Higher Education and the Opportunities and Challenges of Educational Technology”, Business & Information Systems Engineering (BISE), vol. 60, no. 2, Art. no. 2, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s12599-018-0522-8.
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[1]
L. Thiele, M. Atzmueller, G. Stumme, and S. Kauffeld, “Frequent and/or Durable? The Predictive Impact of Initial Face-to-Face Contacts on the Formation and Evolution of Developmental Peer Network Relationships”, Psychology, 2018.
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[1]
L. Thiele, M. Atzmueller, G. Stumme, and S. Kauffeld, “Frequent and/or Durable? The Predictive Impact of Initial Face-to-Face Contacts on the Formation and Evolution of Students’ Developmental Peer Network Relationships”, Psychology, vol. 09, no. 04, Art. no. 04, 2018, doi: 10.4236/psych.2018.94040.
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[1]
S. Tomforde, J. Kantert, C. Müller-Schloer, S. Bödelt, and B. Sick, “Comparing the Effects of Disturbances in Self-adaptive Systems - A Generalised Approach for the Quantification of Robustness”, Trans. Computational Collective Intelligence, vol. 28, pp. 193–220, 2018.
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[1]
J. Troll, I. Blohm, and J. M. Leimeister, “Why Incorporating a Platform-Intermediary can Increase Crowdsourcees’ Engagement”, Business & Information Systems Engineering (BISE), vol. 61, no. 5, Art. no. 5, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-018-0558-9.
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[1]
J. Vom Brocke, W. Maaß, P. Buxmann, A. Maedche, J. M. Leimeister, and G. Pecht, “Future Work and Enterprise Systems”, Business & Information Systems Engineering (BISE), vol. 60, no. 4, Art. no. 4, May 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-018-0544-2.
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[1]
B. Wagner, “Verträge als Rechtsgrundlage für Datenverarbeitungen: Werden Einwilligungen bald obsolet?”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06103, 2018.
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[1]
B. Wagner, “Disruption der Verantwortlichkeit. Private Nutzer als datenschutzrechtliche Verantwortliche im Internet of Things”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, pp. 307–312, 2018.
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[1]
B. Wagner, “Transparenzpflichten nach der DS-GVO und dem BDSG”, ZD-Aktuell, p. 06150, 2018.
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2017[ to top ]

[1]
A. Benner-Tischler, “DREI: Forschungsprojekt zur datenschutzkonformen Erkennung von Innentätern durch Softwaresysteme”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 05556, Art. no. 05556, 2017.
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[1]
T. Bile and O. Grigorjew, “Forum Privatheit und selbstbestimmtes Leben in einer Digitalen Welt - Phase II”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 7, Art. no. 7, 2017.
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[1]
S. Blazy, “E-Privacy-Verordnung: Wie geht es weiter?”, 2017, [Online]. Available: https://www.datenschutz-praxis.de/fachartikel/e-privacy-verordnung-wie-geht-es-weiter/
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[1]
S. Blazy, S. Gonscherowski, T. Kunz, A. Selzer, and U. Waldmann, “Die vertrauenswürdige Verteilung von Verschlüsselungsschlüsseln als Hemmschuh der E-Mail-Verschlüsselung – ein Lösungsansatz”, BvD-News, no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2017.
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[1]
I. Blohm, P. Haas, C. Peters, T. Jakob, and J. M. Leimeister, “Managing disruptive innovation through service systems - Crowdlending in the banking industry”, Case Center, vol. 317-0281, 2017, [Online]. Available: https://www.thecasecentre.org/educators/products/view&&id=145816#
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The Internet has affected and partially radically changed the business models of traditional industries. Crowdfunding as a new concept of funding over the Internet by a large crowd has especially gained maturity. Crowdfunding offerings range from funding charitable projects or innovative gadgets to a funding alternative for start-ups or small businesses. Therefore, crowdfunding represents an innovative way to provide liquidity for illiquid markets. With regard to the banking crisis and the growing skepticism toward banks, crowdfunding is seen as a more transparent, democratic, and entertaining way of funding, which makes it highly attractive for banks. A senior innovation manager of The Bank of Switzerland (TBOS), one of Switzerland's largest and most traditional banks, recognized the disruptive and beneficial potential of crowdlending. By facing strong resentments, he developed the idea of TBOS engaging in crowdlending by collaborating with a start-up by bundling competencies in a service system.
[1]
S. Braun, “GeopNu: Neues Forschungsprojekt zur Nutzeridentifikation im Gebäudebetrieb”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 5, Art. no. 5, 2017.
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[1]
W. Brenner, M. Broy, and J. M. Leimeister, “Auf dem Weg zu einer Informatik neuer Prägung in Wissenschaft, Studium und Wirtschaft”, Informatik-Spektrum, vol. 40, no. 6, Art. no. 6, 2017, doi: 10.1007/s00287-017-1066-x.
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[1]
U. Bretschneider, M. Hartmann, and J. M. Leimeister, “Keep them alive! Design and Evaluation of the ‘Community Fostering Reference Model’”, Business Information System & Engineering (BISE), vol. 60, no. 6, Art. no. 6, 2017, doi: 10.1007/s12599-017-0500-6.
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Firms host online communities for commercial purposes, for example in order to integrate customers into ideation for new product development. The success of these firm-hosted online communities depends entirely on the cooperation of a high number of customers that constantly produce valuable knowledge for firms. However, in practice, the majority of successfully implemented communities suffers from stagnation and even a decrease of member activities over time. Literature provides numerous guidelines on how to build and launch these online communities. While these models describe the initial steps of acquiring and activating a community base from scratch very well and explicitly, they neglect continuous member activation and acquistion after a successful launch. Against this background, the authors propose the Community Fostering Reference Model (CoFoRM), which represents a set of general procedures and instruments to continuously foster member activity. In this paper, the authors present the theory-driven design as well as the evaluation of the CoFoRM in a practical use setting. The evaluation results reveal that the CoFoRM represents a valuable instrument in the daily working routine of community managers, since it efficiently helps activating community members especially in the late phases of a community’s lifecycle.
[1]
U. Bretschneider and J. M. Leimeister, “Not Just An Ego Trip: Exploring Backers’ Motivation for Funding in Incentive-Based Crowdfunding”, Journal of Strategic Information Systems (JSIS), vol. 26, no. 4, Art. no. 4, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.jsis.2017.02.002.
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Incentive-based forms of crowdfunding – such as reward-, equity- and lending-based crowdfunding – are becoming increasingly popular. However, research that studies backers’ motivations for funding in these environments is still in an embryonic state, revealing an inconsistent and narrow picture. The few existing studies are largely guided by the idea that backers are mainly egoistically motivated and do not have prosocial motives. We developed a research model that describes backers’ motivation and conducted an empirical study to examine this model. Results indicate that backers indeed have several self-interest motivations for funding: prospect of a reward; expectation of recognition from others; to lobby a certain project in the hopes of its fruition; and to develop their image. However, some backers are also prosocially motivated in that they develop feelings of liking for a certain venture and/or project team. Furthermore, we found evidence that herding has a significant moderating effect on backers’ reward motivation. Strategic IS researchers as well as crowdfunding practitioners can draw on our findings to systematically design, implement, and evaluate potential incentive systems that respond to reward-, recognition-, lobbying-, image- and liking-motives and thereby attract the crowd more effectively to invest in ventures presented on incentive-based crowdfunding systems.
[1]
D. Dellermann, “Going East: A Framework for Reverse Innovation in SMEs”, Journal of Business Strategy, 2017.
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[1]
D. Dellermann, A. Fliaster, and M. Kolloch, “Lost Energy? Managing Co-Innovation Risk of Digital Business Models”, Journal of Business Strategy, 2017.
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[1]
D. Dellermann, C. Jud, and F. Reck, “Plattform-Loyalität in der Cloud”, HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik, 2017, [Online]. Available: http://pubs.wi-kassel.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/JML_623.pdf
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[1]
J. Folmer, “Challenges for Big and Smart Data in Process Industries”, atp edition, vol. 01-02, 2017.
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[1]
C. Geminn, “„ヨーロッパデータ保護一般規則 : EUにおける新たなデータ保護の規律の客観的考察“ (dt.: Die Europäische Datenschutz-Grundverordnung – Eine kritische Betrachtung der neuen Datenschutzregeln in der Europäischen Union)”, 自治研究 (Jichi kenkyū, Forschung zur Selbstverwaltung), no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2017.
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[1]
C. L. Geminn, “Risikoadäquate Regelungen für das Internet der Dienste und Dinge?”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, vol. 41, no. 5, Art. no. 5, 2017, [Online]. Available: https://link.springer.com/journal/11623/41/5/page/1
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[1]
T. Goeble and C. Kottke, “„Dieselgipfel“ und die datenschutzrechtlichen Fragestellungen”, ZD-Aktuell, vol. 15, no. 05759, Art. no. 05759, 2017.
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[1]
D. O. Grigorjew and T. Bile, “Änderung des TMG: Gelungene Nachbesserung für einen rechtssicheren offenen WLAN-Betrieb?”, ZD-Aktuell, vol. Heft 9, no. 05621, Art. no. 05621, 2017.
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[1]
O. Grigorjew and T. Bile, “Änderung des TMG: Gelungene Nachbesserung für einen rechtssicheren offenen WLAN-Betrieb?”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 9, Art. no. 9, 2017.
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[1]
O. Grigorjew and M. Nebel, “Forum Privatheit und selbstbestimmtes Leben in der Digitalen Welt”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 5, Art. no. 5, 2017.
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[1]
C. Herfurth, “Verfassungsbeschwerde gegen Straftatbestand der Datenhehlerei (§ 202d StGB)”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 05490, Art. no. 05490, 2017.
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[1]
C. Herfurth, “Buchbesprechung: Peter Schantz / Heinrich Amadeus Wolff, Das neue Datenschutzrecht. Datenschutz-Grundverordnung und Bundesdatenschutzgesetz in der Praxis”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 04268, Art. no. 04268, 2017.
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[1]
C. Herfurth, “Chancen und Risiken des Einsatzes digitaler Bildforensik. Aufdeckung und Beweisbarkeit von Versicherungsbetrug aus rechtlicher, technischer und psychologischer Sicht”, Multimedia und Recht, pp. 152–157, 2017.
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[1]
C. Herfurth and A. Benner-Tischler, “Nudging in der DS-GVO und die Wirkung von Privacy by Default”, ZD-Aktuell, vol. 21, no. 05901, Art. no. 05901, 2017.
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[1]
C. Herfurth and F. Engel, “Codes of Conduct im Konzern? Verhaltensregeln von Unternehmensgruppen nach Art. 40 DS-GVO”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, pp. 367–372, 2017.
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[1]
K. Hofmann, “Was bedeutet das „Strucksche Gesetz“ für die Betroffenenrechte nach der Datenschutzreform?”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 05620, Art. no. 05620, 2017.
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[1]
L. Hofmann and L. Johannes, “DS-GVO: Anleitung zur autonomen Auslegung des Personenbezug”, ZD, vol. 5, pp. 221–226, 2017.
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[1]
G. Hornung, “Buchbesprechung: Florian Schneider, Meldepflichten im IT-Sicherheitsrecht. Datenschutz, Kritische Infrastrukturen und besondere Dienste”, Computer und Recht, pp. R89-R90, 2017.
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[1]
G. Hornung, “Persönlichkeitsrechtliche Grenzen des presserechtlichen Auskunftsanspruchs. Normative Unterschiede, interpretatorische Einebnungen und Reformbedarf”, AfP - Zeitschrift für Medien- und Kommunikationsrecht, pp. 390–396, 2017.
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[1]
G. Hornung, “Datensparsamkeit: Zukunftsfähig statt überholt”, Spektrum SPEZIAL Physik Mathematik Technik, vol. 1, pp. 62–67, 2017.
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[1]
G. Hornung and K. Hofmann, “Die Auswirkungen der europäischen Datenschutzreform auf die Markt- und Meinungsforschung”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, vol. 4, pp. 1–16, 2017.
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[1]
G. Hornung and S. Schindler, “Das biometrische Auge der Polizei. Rechtsfragen des Einsatzes von Videoüberwachung mit biometrischer Gesichtserkennung”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, pp. 203–209, 2017.
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[1]
A. Janson, M. Söllner, and J. M. Leimeister, “Individual Appropriation of Learning Management Systems—Antecedents and Consequences”, AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction, vol. 9, no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2017, [Online]. Available: http://pubs.wi-kassel.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/JML_658.pdf
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[1]
P. C. Johannes, “Bundestag: Gesetz zum Abbau der Schriftform im Verwaltungsrecht des Bundes beschlossen”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2017.
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[1]
P. C. Johannes, “Radar: Neues Sicherheitssystem soll Gefährder bewerten”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2017.
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[1]
P. C. Johannes, “Muskat: Projekt zur verbesserten Videoüberwachung abgeschlossen”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 21, Art. no. 21, 2017.
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[1]
P. C. Johannes, “Unterschiede in der Datenschutz-Folgenabschätzung für Polizei und Strafverfolgungsbehörden nach europäischem und deutschem Recht”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 19, Art. no. 19, 2017.
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[1]
P. C. Johannes, “Bundesrat stimmt neuem BDSG zu”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 9, Art. no. 9, 2017.
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[1]
P. C. Johannes, “Der BDSG-Entwurf und das Mysterium der „23“”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 5, Art. no. 5, 2017.
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[1]
P. C. Johannes, “Die Gegenüberstellung – Der Datenschutzbeauftragte nach DS-GVO, JI-Richtlinie und zukünftigem BDSG”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 17, Art. no. 17, 2017.
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[1]
P. C. Johannes, “LiDaKrA: BKA und LKA Hessen testen neues Internet-Analysetool”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 12, Art. no. 12, 2017.
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[1]
P. C. Johannes, “Gegenüberstellung – Der Datenschutzbeauftragte nach DS-GVO, JI-Richtlinie und zukünftigem BDSG”, ZD, no. 12, Art. no. 12, 2017.
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[1]
P. C. Johannes, “Die Gegenüberstellung – Allgemeine Grundsätze der Datenverarbeitung nach neuem BDSG, DS-GVO und JI-Richtlinie”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 15, Art. no. 15, 2017.
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[1]
P. C. Johannes, “Forschungsdatenmanagement in der Rechtswissenschaft – Eine Betrachtung von außen nach innen”, Die öffentliche Verwaltung, vol. 21, no. 70, Art. no. 70, 2017.
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[1]
P. C. Johannes and P. Richter, “Privilegierte Verarbeitung im BDSG-E – Regeln für Archivierung, Forschung und Statistik”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, vol. 41, no. 5, Art. no. 5, 2017, [Online]. Available: https://link.springer.com/journal/11623/41/5/page/1
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[1]
K.-H. Wolf, T. Dehling, R. Haux, B. Sick, A. Sunyaev, and S. Tomforde, “On Methodological and Technological Challenges for Proactive Health Management in Smart Homes”, Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, vol. 238, pp. 209–212, 2017, doi: 10.3233/978-1-61499-781-8-209.
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[1]
M. Kolloch and D. Dellermann, “Digital Innovation in the Energy Industry: The Impact of Controversies on the Evolution of Innovation Ecosystems”, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 2017, [Online]. Available: http://pubs.wi-kassel.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/JML_622.pdf
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[1]
N. Kopal, H. Heck, and A. Wacker, “Simulating Cheated Results Acceptance Rates for Gossip-Based Volunteer Computing”, International Journal of Mobile Network Design and Innovation, vol. 7, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2017.
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[1]
J. Kropf, “Der Wert der Musik: Aushandlungsdynamiken in der digitalisierten Musikwirtschaft”, kommunikation@gesellschaft, vol. 18, no. 8, Art. no. 8, 2017, [Online]. Available: https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/52985#
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[1]
M. M. Kunz, U. Bretschneider, M. Erler, and J. M. Leimeister, “An Empirical Investigation of Signaling in Reward-Based Crowdfunding”, Electronic Commerce Research, vol. 17, no. 3, Art. no. 3, Sep. 2017, doi: 10.1007/s10660-016-9249-0.
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Start-ups often face the challenge of a shortage of capital, the so-called funding gap, which can be overcome by raising small amounts of money from a large number of individuals. As crowdfunding suffers from a continuous rise in failure rates, the aim of this article is to contribute to the research concerning success factors in reward-based crowdfunding campaigns by focusing on signaling theory. Based on data retrieved from the crowdfunding platform Kickstarter, our results indicate that social ties, investment preparation and presentation, the supply of multiple rewards as well as endeavors to communicate and interact with the crowd positively influence the probability of success of a reward-based crowdfunding campaign. In contrast, the funding goal, a campaign’s runtime and the estimated time of delivery for the rewards have a negative impact on the successful completion of a campaign.
[1]
K. Lehmann and J. M. Leimeister, “Kompetenzvermittlung in teilnehmerstarken Lehrveranstaltungen unter Verwendung von formativem Peer Assessment”, Neues Handbuch Hochschullehre, 2017, [Online]. Available: https://www.nhhl-bibliothek.de/de/handbuch/gliederung/#/Beitragsdetailansicht/260/853/Kompetenzvermittlung-in-teilnehmerstarken-Lehrveranstaltungen-unter-Verwendung-von-formativem-Peer-Assessment
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Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wie Studierende mit Hilfe von Peer Assessment auch in teilnehmerstarken Lehrveranstaltungen konkretes Feedback zu ihrem individuellen Lernstand bekommen können. Am Beispiel einer Grundlagenvorlesung im Fach Wirtschaftsinformatik erklären wir den Einsatz von Peer Assessment mit Hilfe der Lernplattform „Moodle“ und zeigen auf, wie es uns gelungen ist, damit in einer Massenvorlesung Interaktion und Kompetenzerwerb zu fördern. Darüber hinaus geben wir, basierend auf den Rückmeldungen der Studierenden und unseren eigenen Erfahrungen, Empfehlungen für die praktische Umsetzung.
[1]
N. Leicht, I. Blohm, and J. M. Leimeister, “Leveraging the Power of the Crowd for Software Testing”, IEEE Software, vol. 34, no. 2, Art. no. 2, 2017, doi: 10.1109/MS.2017.37.
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The rapid development of new IT-enabled business models, a fast-growing hardware market, and that market's segmentation are making software testing more complex. So, manual testing is becoming less applicable--economically and practicably. One approach to overcome these issues is crowdtesting--using crowdsourcing to perform testing. To profit from crowdtesting, companies can use three approaches: engage an external crowd of Internet users, engage their employees, or engage their customers. Three case studies illustrate these approaches' differences, benefits, and challenges, and the potential solutions to those challenges. Researchers' experiences with these approaches have led to guidelines that can help software development executives establish crowdtesting in their organizations. The Web Extra at extras.computer.org/extra/mso2017020062s1.pdf describes the procedure for the case studies. This article is part of a special issue on Crowdsourcing for Software Engineering.
[1]
L. I. Löber, “DORIAN: Forschungsprojekt wird Desinformation im Internet aufdecken und bekämpfen”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 17, Art. no. 17, 2017.
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[1]
H. Lurtz, “Das Tauziehen um die Ausgestaltung der ePrivacy-Verordnung”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 05707, Art. no. 05707, 2017.
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[1]
N. Maier, “Der Beschäftigtendatenschutz nach der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung - Getrennte Regelungen für den öffentlichen und nicht öffentlichen Bereich”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, vol. 41, no. 3, Art. no. 3, 2017.
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[1]
N. Maier and V. Ossoinig, “Forschungsprojekt: „Always Online? – ein neues Kommunikationsparadigma für die Kommunikationsgesellschaft (Social Link)“”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 21, Art. no. 21, 2017.
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[1]
N. Maier and F. Schaller, “ePrivacy-VO – alle Risiken der elektronischen Kommunikation gebannt? Entwurf ohne datenschutzrechtliche Regelungen für P2P-Kommunikationsdienste”, Zeitschrift für Datenschutz, vol. 7, no. 8, Art. no. 8, 2017.
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[1]
K. Marschall and S. Blazy, “Unsicheres Fahrwasser? - DSGVO: Praxistipps für Start-ups”, Datenschutz PRAXIS, no. 5, Art. no. 5, 2017.
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[1]
N. Miedzianowski, “S@NDRA: Neues Forschungsprojekt zur ständigen Erreichbarkeit in der digitalisierten Arbeitswelt”, ZD-Aktuell, 2017.
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[1]
V. Mrass, C. Peters, and J. M. Leimeister, “Von Kunden für Kunden: Crowd Services als Erweiterung der Digital Customer Experience”, HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik, vol. 54, no. 5, Art. no. 5, 2017, doi: 10.1365/s40702-017-0345-y.
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Die „Plattform-Ökonomie“ verändert gegenwärtig die Art und Weise, wie Arbeit erbracht wird. Insbesondere Crowdworking-Plattformen haben in den letzten Jahren starken Zulauf erfahren und können von Unternehmen mittlerweile für eine Vielzahl von Tätigkeiten entlang ihrer Wertschöpfungskette genutzt werden. Ein Beispiel ist der Kundensupport, dem angesichts immer komplexerer Endprodukte große Bedeutung zukommt. Anhand der Crowdworking-Plattform Mila und ihres Kunden und 51-prozentigen Eigentümers Swisscom AG wird in diesem Beitrag aufgezeigt, wie Unternehmen die Crowd zur Erweiterung ihrer digitalen Schnittstelle zum Kunden einsetzen, ihren Service ausbauen und damit Mehrwert für alle Beteiligten generieren können. Die Crowdworking-Plattform Mila verbindet in einem neuartigen Ansatz das Paradigma der Crowd, insbesondere die Nutzung einer Vielzahl von Leistungserbringern, mit den Prinzipien der On-Demand und Sharing-Economy, vor allem dem Einbezug der Kunden als Produzenten von Dienstleistungen. Ähnlich wie bei prominenten plattformbasierten Beispielen der Sharing Economy wie Airbnb und Uber erfolgt auch hier die Anbahnung der Arbeit sowie die Schnittstelle zum Kunden auf digitalem Wege, während die Arbeit selbst meist direkt vor Ort beim Kunden erbracht wird. Basierend auf Experten-Tiefen-Interviews mit Verantwortlichen von Mila und Swisscom und weiteren Quellen analysieren wir in diesem Beitrag dieses neuartige Arbeitssystem inklusive des Zusammenspiels aller Beteiligten. Im Anschluss daran zeigen wir Vor- und Nachteile der Nutzung von Crowd Services auf und leiten konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen für Unternehmen für die Gestaltung der digitalen Schnittstelle zum Kunden ab.
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V. Mrass, C. Peters, and J. M. Leimeister, “From customers for customers: Crowd services as an extension of the digital customer experience”, HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik, vol. 54, no. 5, Art. no. 5, 2017, doi: 10.1365%2fs40702-017-0345-y.
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The “Platform Economy” is currently changing the way how work is performed. Particularly, crowdworking platforms have gained momentum during the last years. By now, they can be used by companies for a wide range of activities along their value chain. One example is the customer support that increasingly gains importance given the more and more complex end products. Based on the crowdworking platform Mila and its client and 51-percent owner Swisscom AG, we demonstrate how companies that use the crowd extend their digital interface to the customer and expand their services, generating an added value for all those involved. With its innovative approach, the crowdworking platform Mila connects the paradigm of the crowd, particularly the utilization of a variety of providers, with the principles of the On Demand- and Sharing Economy, primarily the inclusion of the customers as service “producers”. Similarly to well-known platform-based examples of the Sharing Economy such as Airbnb and Uber, the initiation of work and the customer interface is shaped in a digital way, though the work itself is then usually performed directly on site at the customer’s. Based on in-depth expert interviews with those responsible of Mila and Swisscom, we analyze this new kind of work system including the interplay of all participants. Subsequently, we show advantages and disadvantages of using crowd services and derive concrete recommendations of action for companies for the design of the digital customer interface.
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J. Müller, “IUNO: Nationales Referenzprojekt IT-Sicherheit in Industrie 4.0”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 5, Art. no. 5, 2017.
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J. Mueller, “Combining Aspects of Genetic Algorithms with Weighted Recommender Hybridization”, 2017.
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M. Nebel and T. Bile, “Die Fortentwicklung des Datenschutzes – Jahreskonferenz des Forum Privatheit”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 7, Art. no. 7, 2017.
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X. T. Nguyen, H. T. Tran, H. Baraki, and K. Geihs, “Optimization of Non-functional Properties in Internet of Things Applications”, Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 2017.
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C. Ochs, “Rechnende Räume: Zur informationellen Transformation räumlicher Privatheiten”, Zeitschrift für Theoretische Soziologie, Sonderausgabe „Raum&Zeit“, 2017.
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C. Ochs, “Demokratische Privacy by Design: Kriterien soziotechnischer Gestaltung von Privatheit”, Forschungsjournal Soziale Bewegungen, vol. 30, no. 2, Art. no. 2, 2017.
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S. Ohly, “Arbeitszufriedenheit und Energie”, Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching, vol. 24, no. 2, Art. no. 2, May 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11613-017-0507-3.
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Der vorliegende Artikel argumentiert, dass ein Fokus auf Energie als hoch aktivierter affektiver Zustand neue Möglichkeiten eröffnet, Wohlbefinden bei der Arbeit und Arbeitsleistung zu fördern. Dazu werden exemplarische Forschungsarbeiten dargestellt und diskutiert, etwa zu affektiven Arbeitsereignissen, Erholung und zu Merkmalen von Arbeitsaufgaben. Diese zeigen verschiedene Ansatzpunkte zur Förderung von Energie auf. Die praktischen Implikationen dieser Forschung werden dargelegt.
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S. Ohly, A. S. Göritz, and A. Schmitt, “The power of routinized task behavior for energy at work”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, vol. 103, pp. 132–142, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.08.008.
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According to conservation of resources model and control theory, routinized task behavior that develops through repeated execution under stable circumstances helps employees to deal with demanding aspects of their jobs. In two studies, we investigated whether routinized task behavior predicts momentary levels of energy. In the first study, 328 employees rated their level of routinization of five work tasks and subsequently provided information on their daily working on these tasks and energy twice a day on five consecutive workdays. Multilevel analyses reveal that employees experience higher levels of energy after they were working on a highly routinized task. In the second study, 32 employees provided ratings of their current routinized task behavior and energy three times a day for three consecutive workdays (in total 285 data points). Routinized task behavior at one point in time predicted energy at the next point in time when controlling for initial levels of energy. These results indicate that routinized task behavior is an effective way of managing energy at work, and that a microanalysis of task behaviors offers valuable insights.
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S. Ohly, L. Plückthun, and D. Kissel, “Developing Students’ Creative Self-Efficacy Based on Design-Thinking: Evaluation of an Elective University Course”, Psychology Learning & Teaching, vol. 16, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1475725716681714.
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The development of novel and useful ideas is a process that can be described in multiple steps, including information gathering, generating ideas and evaluating ideas. We evaluated a university course that was developed based on design thinking principles which employ similar steps. Our results show that the course was not effective in enhancing students' creative self-efficacy, the belief that they are able to generate novel and useful ideas. Comparison to previous training approaches lead to conclusions on how to improve the course, and to implications for future research.
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M. Radziwill, R. Kniewel, and L. Schmidt, “Multimodale Smartphone-Interaktion für Jung und Alt? Gebrauchstauglichkeit und Akzeptanz von Sprachsteuerung”, atp edition - Automatisierungstechnische Praxis, vol. 59, no. 6, Art. no. 6, 2017, [Online]. Available: https://www.di-verlag.de/de/Zeitschriften/atp-edition/2017/06/Multimodale-Smartphone-Interaktion-fuer-Jung-und-Alt
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Sprachsteuerungen halten verstärkt Einzug in den Alltag der Menschen, wenn diese mit technischen Geräten interagieren. Die Frage nach der Gestaltung von Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstellen stellt sich auch in der Automatisierungstechnik. Um die Gebrauchstauglichkeit und kontextabhängige Akzeptanz sprachbasierter Smartphone-Steuerung mittels Google-Now in Bezug auf Nutzer unterschiedlicher Alterskohorten zu evaluieren, wurden im Rahmen einer Laborstudie mit zwei unabhängigen Stichproben die Effektivität und die Effizienz sprachbasierter Smartphone-Interaktion mit dem heute üblichen Interaktionsmuster der virtuellen Touchscreen-Tastatur verglichen. Außerdem wurden die empfundene Einfachheit der Nutzung sowie die kontextabhängige Nutzungsbereitschaft der beiden Eingabemodalitäten evaluiert. Die Studie zeigt, dass beide Eingabemodalitäten sowohl von jüngeren als auch von älteren Nutzern zur Erledigung von navigationsbezogenen Aufgaben genutzt werden können. Jedoch treten im Hinblick auf Effektivität (Häufigkeit von Fehleingaben) und Effizienz (Bearbeitungsdauer) der Aufgabenerfüllung signifikante Unterschiede sowohl zwischen den Eingabemodalitäten als auch zwischen den beiden Alterskohorten auf.
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D. P. Richter and M. Müller, “Datenschutz und Datensicherheit – Bedeutung für die Arbeitswelt im Zeichen von ‚Big Data‘”, Sicherheitswissenschaftliches Kolloquium 2015- 2016 (Band 12), vol. 12, pp. 17–37, 2017.
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P. Richter and J. Müller, “Datenschutz, Datensicherheit und IT-Sicherheit in der Arbeitswelt im Zeichen von Industrie 4.0 und Big Data”, sicher ist sicher, vol. 68, no. 9, 10, Art. no. 9,10,11, 2017.
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A. Roßnagel, “Vorratsdatenspeicherung rechtlich vor dem Aus?”, Neue juristische Wochenschrift, pp. 696–698, 2017.
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A. Roßnagel, “Datenschutzgesetzgebung für öffentliche Interessen und den Beschäftigungskontext – Chancen für risikoadäquate Datenschutzregelungen?”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, vol. 41, no. 5, Art. no. 5, 2017, [Online]. Available: https://link.springer.com/journal/11623/41/5/page/1
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A. Roßnagel, “Gesetzgebung im Rahmen der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung – Aufgaben und Spielräume des deutschen Gesetzgebers?”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, vol. 41, no. 5, Art. no. 5, 2017, [Online]. Available: https://link.springer.com/journal/11623/41/5/page/1
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A. Roßnagel, “Entwurf einer E-Privacy-Verordnung – Licht und Schatten”, Zeitschrift für Rechtspolitik, p. 33, 2017.
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A. Roßnagel, “Einführung zu TeleMediaR - Telekommunikations- und Multimediarecht, dtv-Textsammlung”, 2017.
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A. Roßnagel, “Entwurf eines neuen Bundesdatenschutzgesetzes”, Datenschutz und Datensicherheit, vol. 41, no. 5, Art. no. 5, 2017.
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A. Roßnagel, A. Hentschel, and F. Emanuel, “- Atomausstieg ist verfassungsgemäß – Zur Steuerung von Hochrisikotechnologien in einer demokratischen Gesellschaft”, Umwelt- und Planungsrecht (UPR), pp. 128 – 133, 2017.
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A. Roßnagel, A. Sunyaev, A. Batman, N. Maier, S. Lins, and H. Teigeler, “AUDITOR: Neues Forschungsprojekt zur Datenschutz-Zertifizierung von Cloud-Diensten nach der DS-GVO”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 21, Art. no. 21, 2017.
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F. Schaller, “RL 2014/53/EU und deren Umsetzung im geplanten Funkanlagengesetz”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2017.
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F. Schaller, “EU: Die geplante Kodex-RL: Bündelung und Überarbeitung des bisherigen tk-rechtlichen Regelungsregimes”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 9, Art. no. 9, 2017.
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S. Schindler, “Noch einmal: Pilotprojekt zur intelligenten Videoüberwachung am Bahnhof Berlin Südkreuz”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 05799, Art. no. 05799, 2017.
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D. Schlagwein, K. Conboy, J. Feller, J. M. Leimeister, and L. Morgan, “‘‘Openness’’ with and without Information Technology: a framework and a brief history”, Journal of Information Technology (JIT), vol. 32, no. 4, Art. no. 4, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41265-017-0049-3.
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Over the past two decades, openness (e.g. ‘open’ innovation, ‘open’ education and ‘open’ strategy) has been of increasing interest for researchers and of increasing relevance to practitioners. Openness is often deeply embedded in information technology (IT) and can be both a driver for and a result of innovative IT. To clarify the concept of “openness”, we provide an overview of the scope of cross-disciplinary research on openness. Based on this overview, we develop a framework of openness, which proposes a higher-order concept of “openness” characterised by transparency, access, participation and democracy. The framework further distinguishes open resources, open processes and the effects of opening on particular domains. To provide the historical context and to appreciate the role of IT in openness, we discuss two historical examples of openness: the introduction of an open science model in academia (openness without IT) and the emergence of open source software development (openness with IT). We conclude by highlighting some concerns with and limitations of “openness”.
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J. Schneider and S. Schindler, “FLORIDA: Forschungsprojekt zur Auswertung von Videomassendaten im Kontext der Terrorismusbekämpfung”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 05530, Art. no. 05530, 2017.
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J. Schneider and S. Schindler, “„Intelligente Videoüberwachung“ in Baden-Württemberg”, ZD-Aktuell, no. 05902, Art. no. 05902, 2017.
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S. Schneider, J. Wollersheim, H. Krcmar, and A. Sunyaev, “How do requirements evolve over time? A case study investigating the role of context and experiences in the evolution of enterprise software requirements”, Journal of Information Technology (JIT) advance online publication, 2017, [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41265-016-0001-y
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F. Schuster, D. Dellermann, and K. M. Popp, “Integration von Geschäftsmodellen-Implikationen für Theorie und Praxis”, M&A Review, vol. 10/2017, no. 28, Art. no. 28, 2017.
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M. Söllner, S. Oeste-Reiß, and S. Schöbel, “Spielende Kompetenzmessung im Projekt StaySmart”, Praeview - Zeitschrift für innovative Arbeitsgestaltung und Prävention, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2017, [Online]. Available: http://pubs.wi-kassel.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/JML_734.pdf
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T. Stein, M. Seeger, B.-B. Borys, and L. Schmidt, “Design Recommendations for Tactons in Touch Screen Interaction”, IADIS International Journal on WWW/Internet, vol. 15, no. 2, Art. no. 2, 2017, [Online]. Available: http://www.iadisportal.org/ijwi/papers/2017151205.pdf
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Tactons are structured tactile messages and used to transmit information to users via the tactile sense. In recent studies, tactons were tested under various conditions and their benefits were demonstrated, while tactons were mostly applied on a non-interacting part of participants’ body. In future applications, e. g. in touch screen interaction, the device itself will probably generate the tactile feedback providing it to the user’s interacting finger. Therefore, common parameters (i. e., frequency, amplitude, rhythm, roughness, waveform, and duration) in such a setting were examined and tested for discriminability in order to derive guidelines for tacton design in touch screen interaction. 51 participants took part in the experiment, which consisted of 98 randomized tasks. In each task, participants were presented two vibration signals via a touch screen and had to decide, whether signals were identical or different. 87 tasks comprised a comparison between different signals, while only one parameter was altered in a single comparison, and 11 control pair signals were identical. The overall recognition rate was 0.69 ± 0.15 but various combinations showed recognition rates above 90%. It became clear that some parameters are more suitable in tacton design than others. Frequency and roughness achieved the best results, involving all paired comparisons which were correctly distinguished by each participant. Distinguishable levels of parameters and design recommendations were derived from the experiment, and considerations about future tacton design are presented.
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L. Thies, “AnEkA: Neues Forschungsprojekt zur rechtsverträglichen Gestaltung kontextsensitiver Applikationen”, ZD-Aktuell, 2017.
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B. Wagner and A. Scheuble, “WP Datenschutz-Folgenabschätzung – mehr Rechtssicherheit durch