Forces in media

In nature, dispersion forces typically act across liquid media, where they are modified via screening and excess polarizabilities.

Starting point: Abraham stress tensor

Excess polarizabilities:

Applications

Greenhouse gas in ice                                                             Hydrates in planetary oceans

^{F.A. Burger, J. Fiedler, S.Y. Buhmann, Europhys. Lett. 121, 24004 (2018)}

^{J. Fiedler et al., J. Phys. Chem. A 121, 9742 (2017)}

^{J. Fiedler et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 21, 21296 (2019)}

^{M. Boström et al., Astron. Astrophys. 650, A54 (2021)}